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Volume 47, Issue 10
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Hirohisa OMURA, Yoshito INOUE, Masako SATO1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 591-597
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscosity of DNA solution was decreased by the action of hydroxyurea (HU) in the presence of small amount of Cu2+. The decrease was the highest with 1×10-3M to 10-4M Cu2+ and at pH 8, while the reaction was promoted with increase in the concentration of HU. However, contrary to hydroxylamine (HA), the reaction was not enhanced by hydrogen peroxide.
On heating of DNA with 1×10-2M HU at 95°C for 30 minutes, a part of DNA became to move to the anode on the paper electrophoresis at pH 7.3 whereas DNA heated without HU remained at the origin. In this case too, the action of HU was accelerated by addition of 1×10-4M Cu2+.
Through the sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the reaction mixture of DNA with 1×10-2M HU and 1×10-4M Cu2+ incubated at 37°C for 3 hours, it was confirmed that DNA was depolymerized by the action of HU-Cu2+ system. Although depolymerization under mild condition, such as at lower concentration of HU or in the absence of Cu2+, was scarcely observed by the sucrose density gradient centrifugation at neutral pH, single strand scission of DNA was shown to occur under these conditions by means of the alkaline sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The heat-denatured DNA was degraded at the lower concentration of HU.
Since HA is formed from HU, the amount of HA was estimated in the course of the reaction. By comparing the action of HU and HA, it was suggested that the decrease of the viscosity was attributed to HU, but not to HA formed during the reaction.
Thus, it was established that DNA was degraded by the action of HU, especially in the presence of Cu2+, and that single strand scission, double strand scission or higher degradation of DNA was brought about according to the reaction condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Yoshihisa MATSUI, Morifusa ETO, Kazuyuki MAEKAWA1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 599-604
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolychlorinated hydrocarbons are stable and resist towards oxidation, hydrolysis and other chemical reactions which conceivably occur in the environment. In alcoholic potassium hydroxide solutions, polychlorinated biphenyls mixture (PCB; Kanechlor 400), the insecticides BHC and DDT, and the fungicide pentachlorobenzyl alcohol were irradiated with a mercury high pressure lamp (100 W) at 35°C for 13 hours.
When isopropanol was used as a solvent, Kanechlor 400 (KC-400) was dechlorinated entirely, and isopropanol was converted into acetone. Thus, the principal reaction seemed to be a progressive reductive dechlorination. However when ethyl alcohol was used as a solvent, various polar cornpouds were produced owing probably to photo-nucleophilic substitution followed by photo-oxidation.
Lindane (γ-BHC 99%) or DDT was mixed with isopropanol, which contained potassium hydroxide, and similarly irradiated. The equivalents of 75.2 per cent of chlorine contained in lindane and 42.5 per cent of chlorine in DDT were liberated in the form of ion.
Pentachlorobenzyl alcohol (PCBA: a rice blast control agent) was added to methanolic potassium hydroxide solution and irradiated. It was shown that 56.9 per cent of the chlorine contained in PCBA, which is 3 atom equivalents of 5 chlorine atoms in the molecule, was liberated. When a similar experiment by using isopropanol as a solvent in place of methanol, 79.1 per cent of the chlorine, which is 4 atom equivalents, was converted to the ionic form.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
Hajime KANEKO, Takane FUJIMORI, Hajime MATSUSHITA, Masao NOGUCHI1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 605-609
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of amino acids, sugars, amino acid-sugar compounds, non-volatile organic acids and ash in the extract of Hydrangea macrophylla Seringe var. Thunbergii Makino (“Amacha”) were determined and a few isocoumarin derivatives were isolated from the benzene extractable fraction.
1) Compared with the composition of the fruit extracts in the previous paper, (1) the following differences were observed:
i) Total sugar represents a small part in the dry matter of “Amacha” extract.
ii) The main non-volatile organic acids in the extract are citric and malic acids.
iii) The chemical composition of “Amacha” extract seems much more complicated than those of the fruit extracts.
2) Hydrangenol, phyllodulcin and hydrangenol monomethylether were isolated. They are isocoumarin derivatives and have the same carbon skeleton. This paper is the first to report the occurrence of hydrangenol and its monomethylether in “Amacha.”View full abstractDownload PDF (202K) -
Takeshi TABUCHI1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 611-615
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA yeast strain which was isolated from pickled radish and identified as Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij was found to be productive of α-ketoisocaproic acid as a main metabolite of glucose in shake culture.
The acid was produced approximately in a yield of 25% on the basis of glucose supplied by the said strain. It was found that several stock yeasts such as Debaryomyces kloeckeri, Candida membranaefaeiens and Torulopsis famata also could produce the acid in smaller yields.View full abstractDownload PDF (226K) -
Takeshi TABUCHI, Yasutaka TAHARA, Masayuki TANAKA, Shihoko YANAGIUCHI1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 617-622
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAconitase and NAD-or NADP-linked isocitric dehydrogenases in yeasts and Aspergillus niger were examined in relation to citrate fermentation.
In the cases of Asp. niger, the activities of each enzyme decreased obviously at the stage of citrate accumulation. In the cases of yeasts, however, those activities did not decrease so much throughout the period of citrate fermentation.
In a ferrous ion-restricted medium, Candida lipolytica could accumulate a larger amount of citrate, accompanied by a reduced amount of d-isocitrate, as seen before. It was proved that, in this case, the restricted concentration of ferrous ion caused the decrease of the activity of aconitase. In a thiamine-restricted medium, C. lipolytica could accumulate a large amount of α-ketoglutarate, accompanied by reduced amounts of citrates, as seen before. In connection with this, it was proved that restriction in the concentration of thiamine intensified the activities of isocitric dehydrogenases.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Hatsuko SAKAGAMI1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 623-626
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the determination procedure of glycyrrhetinic acid in the smoke condensate of cigarettes added glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid was established.
It was found that the glycyrrhizic acid added to the cigarettes was decomposed to glycyrrhetinic acid and then transfered in the main stream smoke, on the other hand, glycyrrhetinic acid transfered itself in the main stream smoke.
However, the amount of glycyrrhetinic acid found in the smoke condensate was a little percents of each initial acid added to the cigarettes.
Therefore, it was concluded that the glycyrrhizic acid in licorice root used for tobacco flavouring was mostly decomposed on smoking.View full abstractDownload PDF (169K) -
Tetsuo OZAWA, Kiyonori HAGA, Yoshinori TAKINO1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 627-631
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccumulation of a considerable amount of asparagine (18.6mg in a fresh gall, corresponding to 11.9% of dry matter at the maximum) was observed in chestnut galls induced by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (chestnut gall wasp). It amounted to 5.7 times as much as the maximum content in healthy leaves which are resistant to the insect. Noteworthy fact is that the changes in asparagine content during the growth of the galls are closely correlated with the life cycle of the insect. In the growing period of larvae of this insect asparagine was rapidly accumulated as the galls grew, and its maximum content was maintained nearly during the pupa period. However, it decreased rapidly after the imaginal wasps bored the gall tissues and flew off.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Masanobu KAWAI1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 633-637
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe productivity of some external hydrolases was investigated about 82 strains of Basidiomycetes and it was suggested that a distributional pattern of enzyme activities was more or less correlated with the generally admitted systematic arrangement of Basidiomycetes.
There was no special correlation between the growth of fungi and the productivity of enzymes.
In Trametinae, Coriolinae and Coprinaceae, there were a number of strains with the high productivity of hydrolases.
In general, a number of strains of Aphyllophorales were richly productive of amylolytic, cellulolytic (C2 activity) and pectolytic enzymes; on the contrary, there were few strains of Agaricales with the high productivity of the enzymes mentioned above.
Xylanase and β-1, 3-glucanase were produced richly by a great number of strains of both Aphyllophorales and Agaricales. Trehalase and cellulolytic enzyme (Cx activity) were also produced by most strains of Basidiomycetes, even though their activities were not necessarily high.
As for proteolytic enzyme, most strains of Aphyllophorales showed high acid proteinase activity, whereas some strains of Agaricales had the high neutral or alkaline proteinase activity.
Lampteromyces japonicus was an exceptional strain of Agaricales and it seemed that the productivity of enzymes of the strain was much the same as that of strains of Aphyllophorales.
Trametes sanguinea and Irpex lacteus had high activities of the almost all enzymes investigated. In comparison of enzyme activities between the two, proteolytic activity of the former was higher than that of the latter, and pectolytic activity was the opposite case.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
Yasuji FUJITA, Shin-ichi FUJITA, Yasuzane AKAMA, Toyoshige MORITA1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 639-643
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential oils of shoots, fruits and peduncles of Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. in the various growing stages have been examined from biogenetic point of view.
In April, the young shoots oil (the yield of oil was 0.40%) had 85% of camphor but the old shoots afforded 1.32% of oil containing 91% of camphor.
In July, the young shoots grew secondarily contained 1.16% of oil and the oil had 77% of camphor; on the other hand, the new formed full growth shoots had 85% of camphor in the oil obtained with nearly same yield.
The fruits gave 0.63 to 1.14% of oil containing 30 to 43% of camphor and 40 to 59% of safrole according to their growth. But in the last stage of maturation, the both compounds decreased by the stop of oil formation.
The peduncles also afforded 0.8% of oil containing 81 to 85% of camphor, alike that of shoots.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K) -
Yasuji FUJITA, Shin-ichi FUJITA, Hisashi YOSHIKAWA1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 645-650
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors examined the essential oils of Camellia Sasanqua Thunb., C. japonica Linn., and Thea sinensis Linn. from view point of chemical systematics and confirmed the existence of many interesting compounds.
From the comparison of these compounds, the existence of eugenol as the glycoside can be considered to be the characteristic of the genus Camellia. Thea sinensis do not contain any eugenol.
Together with the opposite results of the occurrence of L-pipecolic acid in the unripe fruits of tea tree but not in the fruits of camellia observed by M. Ozawa et al., the independence of Camellia and Thea will be hold rationally, against the merging Thea in Camellia.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
Kazuhiko FUKAGAWA, Haruki YAMAGUCHI, Daizo YONEZAWA, Sawao MURAO1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 651-653
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve strains of Rhodotorula glutinis were cultured under shaking in an acidic medium to investigate the sugar compositions of extracellular polysaccharides.
Polysaccharides produced were separated from the medium by acetone precipitation and the sugar compositions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography.
The results showed that extracellular polysaccharides of R. glutinis generally consisted of mannose, fucose, and galactose. A strain, IFO 1223, lacked fucose, but contained xylose instead. IFO 0667 contained glucose, which was not found in the other strains. Mannose was the most predominant component in all the strains with the exception of K-24, which produced polysaccharides consisting mostly of fucose and galactose. It was suggested that there were at least two kinds of polysaccharides, one was composed predominantly of mannose and the other of fucose and galactose. In a neutral medium, AJ 4859 produced polysaccharides containing 94% fucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (111K) -
Yoneji MAMIYA, Koji TOTSUKA, Keigo SHOJI, Kazue ASO1973 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 655-657
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommercial Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) has been separated into two components, named STI-1 and STI-2, by gel filtration with Sephadex G-75.
The molecular weights of STI-1 and STI-2 were estimated to be 41, 000_??_42, 000 and 20, 000_??_20, 500, respectively. The former was twice as large as the molecular weight of STI (20, 100) and the latter was identical with that of STI. The amino acid compositions of both STI-1 and STI-2 were in good agreement with that of STI. The trypsin and α-chymotrypsin inhibiting activities of STI-1 were low in comparison with those of STI-2. The trypsin inhibiting activity of STI-1 was 65% of STI-2.
These results suggested that STI-1 was a dimer of STI-2.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K)
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