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Volume 52, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Kei UCHIDA, Yukio SUZUKI1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 53-60
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new derivatives of esculin were isolated in crystalline form from the incubation mixture containing maltose, esculin and acetone powders of pig liver, and identified to be 3'-(α-glucosyl) esculin and 4'-(α-glucosyl) esculin from various data, viz., elemental analyses, UV, IR and NMR absorption spectra, products by hydrolysis with acid and with α-glucosidase, and products by acetylation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4264K) -
Koichi KIMOTO, Yasokichi OGASAWARA, Masao KUSAMA1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 61-67
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe addition of concanavalin A (ConA) to lysosomal enzyme solution, obtained from pig liver, led to the formation of an insoluble Enzyme-ConA complex. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) and β-D-glucuronidase (β-GlcUAase) were maximally precipitated at pH 5.0 and esterase at pH 7.0. On the other hand, AcPase and esterase couldn't be precipitated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA).
The precipitates of Enzyme-ConA complexes were collected and dissociated with Me-α-D-mannoside (α-MM). However, recoveries of dissociated enzymes were very low. In contrast, the formation of an insoluble Enzyme-ConA complex was strongly inhibited with α-MM. The pH optima of the dissociation were at pH 5.0, particulary for AcPase and β-GlcUAase. Their isoenzymic patterns on disc electrophoresis varied markedly according to their dissociation conditions. Wide over-lapping bands of enzyme activities appeared.
Pig liver microsomal esterase couldn't form the precipitates but interact with ConA, judging from the results of disc electrophoresis in which wide over-lapping bands appeared. The reaction mixture containing ConA and microsomal enzymes was applied to a Sephadex G-200 column and esterase activity was assayed. As a newly-appeard peak I which was eluted faster than the peak of native enzyme showed wide over-lapping bands of esterase activity on disc electrophoresis, it was suggested that the peak I might be a high molecular complex between ConA and esterase.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Giichi MATSUI, Hitoshi OBATA, Koji SHIKATA, Tai TOKUYAMA, Teruo UENO1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 69-73
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReductones were formed from cellulose by pyrolysis. The optimal conditions of reductone formation were as follows: Pyrolysis temperature was 450°C and flow rate of air was 180ml per min. Reductones formed were fractionated as a lead salt from pyrolysated and then were separated into several parts by thin-layer chromatography. One of the separated reductones was identified as reductic acid. The presence of reductic acid was also recognized in the case of dextrin pyrolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
Reiichiro SAKAMOTO, Takeshi NIIMI, Shyonosuke TAKAHASHI1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 75-81
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the submerged culture of basidiomycetes has been arousing interest not only in the artificial cultivation of edible fungi but also in the microbial production of enzymes, antibiotics and carcinostatic substances. With a view to consolidate the technical basis of submerged culture of edible fungi, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus, a series of studies with the nutrients of culture medium have been undertaken. The dry weight of mycelium obtained from the media containing glucose as the carbon source was 10g/l for L. edodes and 15g/l for P. ostreatus respectively. The addition of mucous substances, sodium alginate and methyl cellulose, to the media proved to be effective to reduce the pellet size of P. ostreatus, but not to stimulate growth.
Use of starch in place of glucose as the carbon source in the media almost trebled the yield of L. edodes. However, the subculture with this media tended to fluctuate in mycelium yield considerably. Such a problem of fluctuation in the subculture was found to be remarkably improved by incorporating glucose at the concentration of 2_??_3% to the starch media, but when used at 4_??_5% glucose exhibited the inhibitory effect for the growth of L. edodes. The mixture of zinc chloride and copper sulfate was effective to stimulate the growth of L. edodes when corn steep liquor (CSL) was used as the nitrogen source in the media.
In conclusion, the maximum dry weight of mycelium obtained from the media containing starch, glucose and CSL reached 25g/l for L. edodes in 14 days and 27g/l for P. ostreatus in 6 days respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Reiichiro SAKAMOTO, Takeshi NIIMI, Shyonosuke TAKAHASHI1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 83-90
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth-stimulating effect of culture nutrients and other chemicals in the high consistency starch media has been studied in the submerged culture of edible fungi, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus. The maximum dry weight of mycelium botained in this study was 45g/l, which was reached both with L. edodes and P. ostreatus in 11 days and 6 days respectively. The growth rate of P. ostreatus was 7g/l/day which was much greater than that of L. edodes. The optimum concentration of medium composition to ensure these results was 70_??_90g/l starch, 10g/l glucose and 15_??_20g/l corn steep liquor (CSL) for L. edodes, and 70_??_100g/l starch, 10g/l glucose and 20_??_25g/l CSL for P. ostreatus. The addition of potassium phosphate and zinc chloride as mineral completes the culture formulation in either case.
Using sucrose in place of glucose in the starch-glucose-CSL (SGC) media, it exhibited the same growth-stimulating effect as glucose, and the effect was maintained even at the sugar concentrations as high as 7% which was known to show the growth-inhibiting effect for glucose. The addition of sucrose fatty acid ester, nonionic surfactant, to the SGC media was effective to stimulate the growth, but not to increase the ratio of filamentous mycelia. Substitution of yeast extract or peptone for CSL, and partial enzymatic decomposition of starch in the SGC media not favor the growth of L. edodes. The relation between the growth of L. edodes and the change of sugar concentration was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Noriko KAWAMURA, Masao GOTO1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 91-96
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mycelia of four isolates of Lentinus edodes grown on the peptone-glucose medium were assayed for the activities of L-alanine oxidase, NAD- or NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glutaminase. The NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase activities were lower in the isolates No. 4 and No. 7 (biovar II) than in the isolates No. 11 and No. 13 (biovar I). The isolate No. 13 contained no activity of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase. The L-alanine oxidase activity was detected in the three isolates No. 7, No. 11 and No. 13, but not in the one No. 4. No isolate showed the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity. Substitution of glutamate for peptone, a sole source of nitrogen of the medium, has led to a marked depression of the activities of glutamate dehydrogenases and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase within 12 hr. It is likely that the depression of such glutamate-metabolizing enzymes causes a poor growth of the isolates No. 4 and No. 7 on the glutamate medium. Among the mycelia grown on the peptone-glucose medium, any significant differences were not observed in the levels of free amino acids. When the basal medium was replaced by the glutamate medium, however, the levels of lysine, arginine and alanine in the isolates of biovar I were considerably altered, those in the isolates of biovar II being kept at a constant.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Akiho YOKOTA, Kyoko OKAMOTO, Shozaburo KITAOKA1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 97-99
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe permanent bleached (streptomycin) mutant of Euglena gracilis z contained 0.25pg/cell of total carotenoid when cultured in a medium with glucose and glutamate as the major carbon sources in the dark for 10 days, while the mutant contained 0.80pg/cell when cultured with illumination. The dark-grown cells increased the carotenoid content upon exposure to light depending on the light intensity. The dark-grown cells contained antheraxanthin as the major carotenoid constituent; β-carotene, ethinenone and euglenanone were other constituents. Upon illumination of the dark-grown cells, euglenanone was increased 16-fold but the content of antheraxanthin was not changed. In the bleached mutant of E. gracilis containing no chloroplasts, euglenanone appears to function to protect cells from damaging action of light.View full abstractDownload PDF (193K) -
Teruhiko YOSHIHARA, Yuji SATO, Sadao SAKAMURA1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 101-103
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe polyphenolic compounds in the leaves of eggplant have been investigated. Ethyl trans-caffeate (Nla), 4-ethylcatechol (Nlb-1), ethyl hydrocaffeate (Nlb-2), trans-caffeic acid (N2), hydrocaffeic acid (N3), protocatechuic acid (N4) and chlorogenic acid (N5) were isolated and identified. Ethyl trans-caffeate (Nla) and ethyl hydrocaffeate (Nlb-2) were considered to be artifacts arising during isolation processes. 4-Ethylcatechol (Nlb-1) has never been previously encountered in higher plants with the exception of identifications from wood-tar oil and degradation products of lignin.View full abstractDownload PDF (190K) -
1. Microfauna of the Activated Sludge and Microbial FilmRyuichi SUDO1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages R9-R20
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2620K) -
[in Japanese]1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages N17
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (108K) -
N. Y1978 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages N17a-N18
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (208K)
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