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Volume 50, Issue 12
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Susumu HIZUKURI, Mariko KOBAYASHI, Yasuhito TAKEDA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 573-576
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Naegeli type amylodextrin (NT-dextrin) was prepared by steeping waxy corn starch in 1 N HCl-70% ethanol at 65°C for 48 hr. The -D. P. of NT-dextrin per reducing end was 21.1 and it had one branch point per molecule. The molar fraction of linear and branched molecule of NT-dextrin was calculated to be 0.375 and 0.625 from the branch numbers (-D. P. per reducing end/-D. P. per non-reducing end) of NT-dextrin and β-limit NT-dextrin.
2) The -D. P. per reducing and non-reducing ends of β-limit NT-dextrin were 10.6 and 4.0. The predominant fraction (by weight) of it by Sephadex G-10 gel chromatography was revealed to be such highly branched molecules as -D. P. 21.2 and 5.27 per reducing and non-reducing ends respectively.
3) NT-Dextrin retrograded into A-type structure from 40% aqueous solution at 20°C. The crystallinity of the retrograded NT-dextrin was evaluated to be a similar as original NT-dextrin and higher than native waxy corn starch. The molecular structure of original and retrograded NT-dextrin was almost identical.
4) From these results the contribution of the branch points of amylopectin for the initiation of crystallization has been suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Tatsuo FUJIKAWA, Takahiko ANNO, Masafuto WADA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 577-584
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn connection with the structural study of galactofucan sulfate (sulfated polysaccharide of Undaria pinnatifida, Wakame), galactofucanase and α-L-fucosidase existing in hepatopancreas of abalone (Haliotis sp.) were investigated.
In a crude mixture of enzymes prepared from hepatopancreas, galactofucan sulfatase, arylsulfatase, and β-D-galactosidase were detected bisides galactofucanase and α-L-fucosidase. From the crude mixture, two partially purified fractions (FS-1 and FS-2) were obtained by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. FS-1 showed the α-L-fucosidase activity and was free from the activity of galactofucanase and galactofucan sulfatase. FS-2 showed four activities of galactofucanase, galactofucan sulfatase, arylsulfatase, and fucoidanase and was free from the α-L-fucosidase activity. These results indicate that the galactofucanase may be endo-type enzyme and the same one as the fucoidanase. FS-1, however, showed an activity on the partially degraded galactofucan sulfate, and contained two types (optimum pH 3 and 5) of α-L-fucosidase: one with optimum pH 3 was inhibited with galactofucan sulfate and the other with optimum pH 5 was not inhibited.
From these results, it is considered that α-L-fucosidase in FS-1 are useful for the structural study of a fucoidan analogue due to their specificity on the substrate, and that the galactofucanase in FS-2 is useful for partial degradation of the fucoidan analogue.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
Morphological Changes Produced by Protein-free Diet in the Rat Liver Cells and Subcellular OrganellsEiji MIYAZAWA, Masao KAMETAKA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 585-592
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale rats weighing about 180g were fed a protein-free diet for 0, 2 and 7 days. The liver cells and subcellular organells were observed by electron and light microscopy and their profiles were analysed statistically. The results obtained are summarized below.
1. The volumes of cells, cytoplasms and nuclei were reduced, but the volume fraction of nuclei was increased a little. 2. The volume fraction of mitochondria (Mt) did not show any change, but with peroxisomes (Per) a little decrease was observed at the 2 nd day. With lipid droplets (LD) several times increase was observed. 3. The number of Mt per unit cytoplasmic volume was decreased at the 2 nd day, but returned to an almost normal level at the 7 th day. With Per almost the same tendancy was observed with less variation. 4. The proportion of non-elliptic shaped mitochondrial profiles was increased. 5. The volume of Mt was increased at the 2 nd day and returned to an almost normal level at the 7 th day. With Per a little decrease was observed at the 2 nd day. 6. The surface area of mitochondrial outer membrane per unit cytoplasmic volume showed a little decrease at the 2 nd day. With rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) a decrease to 83% of the control was observed at the 7 th day. The surface area of cristae membrane per unit mitochondrial volume did not show any change. 7. Parallel lamellar formations of the RER were reduced and singly oriented cisternae of RER surrounding Mt were increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (3057K) -
Hitoshi OBATA, Koji SHIKATA, Tai TOKUYAMA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 593-598
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTriose reductone (TR) was formed from the products of aldol condensation by using various alkaline earth metals. By heating the mixture of paraformaldehyde and calcium oxide, TR was formed, which showed Rf values corresponding to TR by paper chromatography, and were identified by infrared analysis and mass spectrometry. Formation of TR from formaldehyde under anaerobic conditions was better than aerobic conditions. It was found that formation of TR increased with increasing pH in range of pH 1 to 13. Calcium oxide was the best catalyst among the tested bases. The conditions to increase the yield by using stabilizers of formaldehyde were investigated. The addition of the Tween-60 to the reaction mixtures increased the yield of TR.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Fumisaburo TOKITA, Akiyoshi HOSONO, Hajime OTANI, Yoko NAKAJI1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 599-605
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree kinds of Churbi and one kind of Rau cheeses which were manufactured in the areas of the Nepal Himalayas were investigated.
General chemical composition of the Churbi cheeses was characterized by low moisture, low fat and high protein contents, that is, moisture content of the Churbi cheeses was ca. 9% in average, and protein content in the total solid was above 80%. Moisture content of the Rau cheese was 68.6%, whereas protein and fat contents were 23.9%, and 6.91%, respectively.
Protein decomposition of these Nepal cheeses was investigated by application of Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. From the elution patterns, it was noted that any proteins in these cheeses were scarcely hydrolyzed.
Microorganisms were found in every Churbi cheese but their number was very small. In the Rau cheese relatively large number of microorganisms was found, and one grampositive strain of bacteria (Strain B-1) and two strains of yeasts (Strains Y-1 and Y-2) were isolated as dominant florae. Although these strains hydrolyzed milk protein, their proteolytic activities were not so significant. Growth of these strains in a whey medium was generally very slow, and assimilation of lactose was found only in Strain B-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (2228K) -
Teizo KATSUMATA, Yoshio KURIYAGAWA, Fumiko ENDO, Hideo SUGAWARA, Sanzo ...1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 607-612
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubcellular fractions were prepared from the pollen of Pinus densiflora, and the mitochondrial fraction was assayed for isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities. The isocitrate dehydrogenase required NADP for its reaction, while the activity with NAD was about 8% of that with NADP. DNA-P was mainly localized in the nuclear fraction, and succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the fraction sedimented at 15, 000×g for 20min. The particulate fraction sedimented at 15, 000×g was presumed to be the mitochondrial fraction from the staining with Janus Green B, their Brown's movement, electron microscopic appearance and enzyme activities. Both dehydrogenases and cytochrome oxidase activities in the mitochondrial fraction increased during germination of the pollen on sucrose-agar medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Kyoden YASUMOTO, Kimikazu IWAMI, Hajime MIZUSAWA, Hisateru MITSUDA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 613-617
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA complex formed between pyridoxal phosphate and desglutamyl-lentinic acid showed a significantly higher stability to photo-irradiation than that of the starting material pyridoxal phosphate. Pyridoxal phosphate and the complex but compounded with an excess molar quantity of desglutamyl-lentinic acid were nearly equally active in molar basis in supporting the growth of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis employed as test microorganism for the assay of vitamin B6 activity. Administration of the complex to the growing albino rats receiving a vitamin B6 depleted diet alleviated to a significant extent, but not thoroughly, an increased urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid following a tryptophan load; the complex restored the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activities in rat erythrocytes and liver tissue to a normal level. The assay results are compatible with the notion that vitamin B6 activity of the complex bears comparison with that of free pyridoxal phosphate, inferring that the complex reverts completely to the starting materials either before or after absorption by test organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Preliminary Fractionation of Microbial Menthylester Hydrolases and Esterolysis by Commercial LipasesOptical Resolution of Menthols and Related Compounds Part IIIYuzo YAMAGUCHI, Akira KOMATSU, Tatsuo MOROE1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 619-620
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecies differences in optical selectivities and stereospecificities of microbial ester hydrolases towards menthyl acetates were studied by fractionation with gel filtration chromatography. Highly specific enzyme (Rh. mucilaginosa) eluted in the early fraction, and the enzyme with lowest specificity (LY-32) eluted in the later fraction.
Hydrolyses of dl-menthyl ester and their steric isomers by commercial lipase preparations were also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (188K) -
Masayuki KATAYAMA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 621-623
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using a simplified apparatus for gel-slab electrophoresis, carbonic anhydrase activities were detected on the gel. (i) Polyacrylarnide gel slabs of linear gradient gel concentration were prepared for horizontal-type electrophoresis. (ii) Zymograms of carbonic anhydrase activites and of proteins from lettuce leaves were observed together with an authentic sample of bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1077K) -
Masakazu FUKUSHIMA, Koji IMURA1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 625-627
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method for determination of the nucleoside phosphotransferase activity from Cl. perfringens was developed, which was consisted of simple ion exchange chromatography and fluorometric measurement by the modified method of Roberts et al.
After the enzyme reaction, the reaction mixture was charged on a Dowex 1×8 column (5×10mm) and then the nucleotides were eluted with 0.1 N HCl. The nucleotide fraction thus prepared contains the TMP formed by the enzyme reaction and the AMP added as phosphate donor. The TMP content in the nucleotide fraction was determined fluorometrically without any interference from AMP.
Under the optimal conditions studied, the TMP formed by the enzyme reaction could be determined up to about 2 μ moles. The result of this work suggests that this procedure is useful for kinetic research of the nucleoside phosphotransferase.View full abstractDownload PDF (176K) -
Susumu IKEGAMI1976 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages R233-R244
Published: 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4728K)
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