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Volume 46, Issue 12
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Koichiro KOMAI, Shotaro SATO1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 607-612
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPotato tubers harvested in Nara, Kyoto and Fukui districts showed very prominent browning alike by DBCP treatment, but those in Hokkaido showed very few. This phe-nomenon was observed both in var. Danshaku and var. Mayqueen.
Polyphenol content in tubers harvested in Hokkaido was greater than those in Nara. On the other hand, activity of polyphenol oxidase was higher in the tubers harvested in Nara. The variety Danshaku always showed higher oxidase activity than Mayqueen. Mechanically crushed tissues showed very prominent browning through every growing districts. These results suggested that this phenomenon should be ascribed to the differ-ence of cellular damage in tuber tissue by DBCP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K) -
Shigeo FUJIMOTO, Tomonori NAGAHAMA, Matsuo KANIE1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 613-618
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe embraced fatty acids in various commercial starches, such as those of sweet potato, potato, tapioca, wheat, corn and rice, were investigated.
In spite of the fact that the compositions of fatty acids are not uniform, there exists a general tendency that, the higher the fatty acid content of starch, the larger the proportion of linoleic acid, while the lower the fatty acid content of starch, the larger the proportion of palmitic acid. It was also confirmed that the ratio of palmitic acid to total fatty acids was higher in the starch granules, while low in the whole tissues, irrespective of plant source.
The respective samples of starch were defatted and then treated with hot methanol solution containing six kinds of fatty acids, found ordinarily in the starch granules as the embraced fatty acids. This made the fatty acids penetrate into the defatted granules. Little difference in total quantity and composition of the fatty acids penetrated was shown among the respective starch samples. However, a large difference in penetration rate among the fatty acids used here was found, that is, palmitic acid penetrated in the richest amount and increase of unsaturated bond in C-18 acid was accompanied by de-crease of penetration rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Imao OKA, Osamu MIYAKE, Michiko TAKIKAWA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 619-623
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventeen kinds of leguminous plant seeds have been surveyed for the mitogenic activity against human peripheral lymphocytes, and it has been found that five of them have distinct mitogenic activity.
The mitogenic factor of Phaseolus coccineus seeds which had been found to have the strongest activity was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and subsequent gel filtration on a Sephadex G-150 column. The preparation thus obtained was assumed to be a kind of glycoproteins and had a strong hemagglutination activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Hiromi YOSHIDA, Goro KAJIMOTO1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 625-630
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the productions of the lipids and the tocopherols in soybean seed during ripening have been reported. In this paper, the changes of the productions of the fatty acids and the tocopherols in corn seed and castor bean during ripening, which have been known very different of fatty acid compositions, have been examined.
Both seeds were picked at seven periods from 10 to 70 days after flowering and extracted with chloroform-methanol. The lipids obtained were determined for content of lipids, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions by previous methods.
Total lipids showed a markedly rapid increase in corn seed from 40 to 50 days and in castor bean from 10 to 40 days after flowering. The main fatty acid compositions of total lipids were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 in the former, while 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:1 mono-OH in the latter.
Total tocopherols showed a markedly rapid increase during ripening in corn seed while 18:1 and 18:2 increased, but showed a markedly rapid increase until 40 days and a markedly decrease after this period in castor bean, although 18:1 mono-OH increased. Each individual tocopherol in both seeds showed very different changes during ripening.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Hiroshi MOTAI, Susumu INOUE, Yoshihiko NISHIZAWA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 631-637
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe color of shoyu has been studied by using parameter of color tone and fractionating color components with DEAE-cellulose.
A linear relationship was found between the logarithm of absorbance (log A) and wave length (450_??_650 mμ) in the color distribution of shoyu and melanoidin prepared from model system. It is proposed that change in log A per 100 mμ (designated as _??_A) can be used as parameter for color tone. When _??_A is large, color distribution exhibits bright tone, and when _??_A is small, it exhibits dark tone. Color tone of shoyu was brightened by heating or aging in the mashing process, while it was darkened by oxidation. Similar result was observed in the color of melanoidin prepared by heating amino acid and xylose in aqueous solution.
After desalting of shoyu by Sephadex G-15, color material of shoyu was fractionated into 8 peaks by DEAE-cellulose with stepwise elution. Color tones of each peak darkened according to the order of elution. When shoyu was heated, bright tone of color components increased, while dark tone of color components increased when it was oxidized. However, _??_A of color components was unchanged by heating or oxidation. Similarly, it is observed that dark tone of color components increased and color tone of color components was unchanged when melanoidin from glycine-xylose system was oxidized.
Thus, it is suggested that color material formed by amino-carbonyl reaction and color of shoyu consist of various color components having color tone from yellowish brown to dark brown and that the color tone depends upon the variation of amount of color components.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Yukimasa NISHIMURA, Hiroshi IIZUKA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 639-644
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the course of isolation of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms, a bacterium (strain No. S 5) isolated from soil was found to produce yellow pigments in the culture fluid using kerosene as a sole carbon source.
The pigments were isolated from the culture fluid and identified as the combined forms of riboflavin, falvin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from the Rf-values on paper chromatography and the absorption spectra in ultra-violet and visible regions.
A concentration of total flavin nucleotide reached 27.0 μg/ml when the organism was incubated at 30°C on a recipropal shaker (120 rpm) for 6 days in a medium consisting per liter of: 1.0g (NH2)2CO, 2.0g (NH4)2HPO4, 3.0g K2HPO4, 1.0g MgSO4•7 H2O, 0.5g NaCl, 0.01g FeSO4•7 H2O, 0.1% Tween 80 (v/v), 7.0% kerosene (v/v), pH 7.2. The proportions of FMN and FAD were 47% and 53% respectively.
The flavin nucleotide-forming bacterium strain No. S 5 was identified as “Bacterium anitratum” Schaub et Hauber (1948) from the results of taxonomical studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1187K) -
Suehiro INOUE, Yasuji HAMAMURA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 645-649
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA. Butenandt and his coworkers (1961) isolated bombykol from lateral glands of female moths of Bombyx mori and identified its chemical structure as trans-10, cis-12-hexadecadiene-1-ol.
However the pathway of the biosynthesis of bombykol has not been studied yet.
The present investigation was undertaken to clarify this biosynthesis. The starting material used for the biosynthetic study in vivo was palmitic acid. It will be converted to cetyl alcohol and esterified with phosphoric acid. Cetyl phosphate was dehydrogenated specifically at the positions of carbon 10 and 12 by a kind of oxygenase, which appeared in the abdominal tip of Bombyx female pupa at the final pupal stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (890K) -
Tomotada ONO, Tetsuo ITO, Satoshi ODAGIRI1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 651-656
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA change of salts equilibrium between colloidal and soluble phase in skimmilk by dilution was investigated by using Sephadex gel filtration and ultrafiltration. The results were as follows.
(1) As the sample volume added in Sephadex G-25 was changed from 20 to 2ml, the sample eluted was diluted from 1.5 to 5-fold during elution.
(2) The salts in skimmilk were moved from colloidal to soluble phase by dilution.
(3) Calcium and citrate were more easily moved from colloidal to soluble phase than phosphate by dilution.
(4) It is considered that calcium ions in soluble phase were increased by dilution.
(5) It was speculated that the molecular weight of main phosphate complexes in soluble phase was 500-1000.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Keitaro MOGI, Kinji UCHIDA, Koya MOGI1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 657-663
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made on the cellular fatty acid composition of yeasts isolated from soy-mash and the other sources.
The cellular fatty acid of all the osmophilic yeasts tested in this work were mainly composed of palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids, and any distinguishable difference from those of non-osmophilic Saccharomyces was not detected.
Saccharomyces rouxii which occures predominantly in the fermentation period of soybrewing, and produces the most of alcohol in soy sauce contained a large amount of linoleic acid as a cellular fatty acid. On the other hand, Torulopsis which plays an important role on the ripening process of soy-mash practically had no linoleic acid but contained a long chain fatty acid (24:0). This difference of fatty acid composition between Sacch. rouxii and Torulopsis may be used as a criterion of classification of the two kind of yeasts.
As to the non-osmophilic yeasts isolated from soy-mash, Pichia and Trichosporon contained a smaller quantity of cellular palmitoleic acid. It is interesting to note that Torulopsis famata contained both linoleic and the long chain fatty acid (24:0).
The fatty acid composition of osmophilic yeasts belonging to Sacch. rouxii or Torulopsis isolated from the sources other than soy-mash were similar to those of the corresponding yeasts from soy-mash.
Palmitoleic and linoleic acids of Sacch. rouxii considerably decreased when the yeast was cultured in a medium containing 18 percent of NaC1 without agitation. Whereas, Torulopsis was not practically affected in the fatty acid composition by the culture condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Toyokazu YAMADA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 665-668
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe axial effective thermal conductivities ke of a packed bed of unpolished rice were determined by measuring the axial temperature gradients of steady state, the heat from the infrared lamp being conducted in the direction opposite to gas flow. The gases used were air, carbon dioxide and helium. In calculating the effective thermal conductivities of the packed bed with air flow, the respiration rate of unpolished rice was neglected, because its measured value (0.032 kcal/kg•hr) was very small.
From the plot of the axial effective thermal conductivities ke versus Reynolds number, the thermal conductivities of the packed bed with stationary fluid keo were obtained by extrapolating to Re→0. The thermal conductivities of the packed bed with stationary fluid were as follows, 0.102 kcal/m•hr•°C when air was used as the fluid, 0.092 kcal/m•hr•°C when carbon dioxide used and 0.209 kcal/m•hr•°C when helium used (mean temperature: 35°C and moisture content of unpolished rice: 10.8%). The thermal conductivity of unpolished rice was determined as follows, the plot of keo versus the thermal conduc-tivity of gas kg was made and the straight line of keo=kg was drawn and then the point of the intersection of these two lines gave the thermal conductivity of unpolished rice. The obtained value was 0.25 kcal/m•hr•°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Isao YAMAGUCHI, Noboru SUGIYAMA1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 669-673
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feces of young pine-worms (6_??_7 instar) were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl alcohol and water, and several kinds of compounds were isolated. They were mainly a poly ester, a fatty acid ester (palmitic acid ester), higher alcohols (octacosanol and ceryl alcohol), steroids (β-sitosterol and its ester) and a suger alcohol (D-mannitol). Various investigators have already isolated all of these compounds except D-mannitol and 1, 14-tetradecandiol from pine-needles. No studies have been made on pine-needles for the presence of D-mannitol and 1, 14-tetradecandiol. Therefore at present we cannot conclude whether or not D-mannitol and 1, 14-tetradecandiol are characteristic of the feces of pine-worms.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Umeo YOSHINO, Jian Ell CHANG, Kiyoshi MIWA, Kunio YAMAUCHI1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 675-678
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMilk coagulating activity of cell free culture liquid of Candida lipolytica was investigated. When milk was coagulated with the cell-free culture liquid, the curd was softer and the yield of the curd was less than when rennet was used. The coagulation of milk was accelerated by lowering pH and increasing Ca concentration of milk, but the degree of acceleration was not so great as in the case of rennet.
The proteolytic activity against casein was stronger than rennet. It hydrolysed β-casein most rapidly.
The separation of milk coagulating activity from protease activity by column chro-matography with CM-Sephadex C 50 at pH 6.2 was not achieved. The milk coagulating activity found in the cell-free culture liquid seemed to be caused by already known extracellular alkaline protease produced by Candida lipolytica.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K) -
Kazuo NOSE1972 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 679-681
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPCB changed into decachlorobiphenyl by treatment with AlCl3, SO2Cl2 and S2Cl2 at 65_??_70°C for an hour. This was proved by gaschromatography. Chlorination rate of trichloro-, tetrachloro-, and hexachloro-mixtures of PCB were 105, 118, and 112%, respectively, but that of biphenyl was only 8.3%. Soil was steam distillated and the distillate was chlori-nated to determine the PCB content. The 86% recovery of the hexachloro-mixture (9.5 μg) added to 20g of soil was observed by this procedure. Rice grain contains so much oil that the hexane extract was saponified by 1 N KOH ethanol, purified by silica gel column chromatography eluted by hexane and chlorinated to determine PCB content. Recovery of 86% was obtained from 10g of rice grain fortified by 7.2 μg of hexachloro-mixture.View full abstractDownload PDF (195K)
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