The author examined the reduction of GSSG and discussed particularly the methods proposed by OGAWA and FUIITA and NUMATA.
It is indispensable to hold three factors (temp., acidity and Zn amount) for the chemical redution process of GSSG either in pure solution or in vital material extract. From a standpoint of this view, HESS' method, WOODWARD and FRY's method, SABALITSCHKA's method and QUENSEL and WACHHOLDER's method are all imperfect because they lack anyone of these factors, and therefore they can not be used as the quantitative method. OGAWA's Zn-method is so well equipped withthese factors that it is the complete one among them. FUIITA and NUMATA's H₂S-method 'is also recognized to be acomplete, one.

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The humification process of fresh plant residues (upland-rice straw and chestnut-tree leaves) was pursued by estimating the amount of CO₂ evolved and humic character of alkali extract: 2g. of dry powder of the-sample was mixed with 20g. of clean washed white sand in a 100cc Erlenmeyer flask and 8 cc of nutrition solution(NH₄₂)HPO₄ 10g., K₂HPO₄ 5g., distilled water 600cc) was added to it; after sterilizing, several pure cultured microorganisms, i. e. Trichoderma konigni, Aspergillus niger, Actinornyces chromogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescence liquifacience, and Bacillus mycoides, were separately incubated in each flask ; in addition to it, we prepared one plot in which Trich. konigni had been incubated together with B. mycoides; then theflasks furnished with aeration tubes were incubated at 30°.
The amount of CO₂., evolved was estimated at several times during the period of incubation, and after a certain period the humic character of alkali solution of decomposition products was examined by the S_IMON method.
(1) When judged from the amount of CO₂ evolved in a certain period of time, it is assumed that in the decomposition process of upland-rice straw, Trich. konigni is most active as well as Asp. niger, and Act. chromogenes rather moderate, and B. mycoides and Ps. fluorescence are not so active as others. The rate of CO₂ evolved by the microörganisms differed each other; B. mycoides and Pse fluorescizce liberated in the first two days of incubation about 60 per cent of CO₂ evolved through the whole period of incubation; in the plot of Trich. konigni or Act. chromogenes, the maximum of CO₂ liberation cames between the 4 th day and the 9 th day, but with Asp. niger the amount of CO₂ liberation decreased towards the end of the incubation period.
(2) A certain relation was also observed between the abundance of CO₂ and the formation of humus substance. On the basis of the amount of N/10 KMnO₄ solution consumed to oxidize 30 cc of alkali solution of decomposition product 'which had been formed 'during a certain period of incubation, it was found that Ps. fluorescence showed little increase in the formation of humus substance : Trich. konigni produced humus substance most abundantly among the microiirganismus used, and Act. chromogenes, in spite of the fact that it liberated CO₂ much more than B. mycoides, was less active in humus formation than the latter, whose function of forming humus substance was next to that of Trich. konigni.
(3) In relation to the relative colour value (RF) of humus produced, B. mycoides was the most active in raising the value of that factor. In that activity Act. chromogenes was next, while Trich. konigni was inferior to the above two, and Ps. fluorescence showed no in crease in that value. Asp. niger ranked next to Trick. konigni in raising the relative colour valueas well as in producing humus substance.
(4) The relative colour value of decomposition product was raised more by doubled inoculation with B. mycoides and Trick. konigni than by a single inoculation with B. mycoides.
(5) When the humifying action of fungus (Trick. konigni) is compared with that of aerobic bacteria (B. mycoides) from the above results, it will be assumed that fungus is superior to aerobic bacteria in the function of producing humus substance, but it is inferior in the function of promoting humification in the early stage of the incubation period.

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The humification process of fresh plant residues, upland-rice straw and chestnut-tree leaves, by means of pure cultured microörganisms was pursued by estimating absorption spectra of alkali solution of decomposition products. The plan of this experiment was the same as in the previous reports, but in this experiment we used Trichoderma konigni and Bacillus mycoides; in one plot these microörganisms were separately inoculated in each flask, and in the -other plot they were inoculated with them together. The amount of CO₂ evolved, the SIMON's value and absorption spectra of alkali solution of decomposition products, were estimated at several intervals during the course of incubation. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) B. mycoides was inferior to Trich. konigni in producing humic substance, but it was superior in raising the degree of humification in the early stage of incubation process. These facts were shown by ;he amount of N/10 KMnO₄ soltion consumed to oxidize a definite quantity of alkali solution (Table 2) and absorption coefficient of the alkali solution of decomposition products (Fig. 3). The degree of humification was raised much more by doubled inoculation with Trich. konigni and B. mycoides than by a single one.
(2) Along with the decomposition of the sample, the absorption coefficient of alkali solution of decomposition product was raised for all wave lengths; the peak of absorption disappeared near 33 mμ, and the depression of absorption near 265mμ inclined to get less deep. The maximum of absorption near 330mμ, which was estimated in the early stage of humificatication, was derived from the fulvic acid fraction and seemed to disappear when the precipitation quotient (PQ) was raised more than about 55 in the course of decomposition of upland-rice straw. As the minimum of absorption near 265 mμ is characteristic of lignin, the flattening of this depression shows the degeneration of lignin with the progress of humification.
(3) More highly humified substance was obtained from chestnuttree leaves than from upland-rice straw. This is supposed to come from the fact that the sample of chestunt-tree leaves has been in a little humified state in some degree humified.

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The inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on purified β-amylase extracted from sweet potato was studied.
(1) In the presence of Cu⁺⁺, the mechanism of this inhibition is not so simple but rather complex as it is seen in figures 4 to 7. It consists at least of two parts. The one, which' prevails in early stage, is reversible and the other, which prevails in later stage, is an irreversible inactivation.
(2) The degree of inhibition in early stage has extremely intimate relationship with the rate of autoxidation of ascorbic acid and is the function of the concentration of both Cu⁺⁺ and ascorbic acid, the former being limiting. These facts suggest that this, inhibition is due to Cu⁺ formed. The inhibition is reversed even in the course of enzyme reaction. (Fig. 2 and Fig. 7).
(3) The part of irreversible inactivation meutioned above seems to occur slowly and integratively from the beginAing of the inhibition and to come from the autoxidation product of ascorbic acid in the presence of Cu⁺⁺ as a catalyst. This inactivation may be due to H₂O₂ accumlated. The feeble inactivation by ascorbic acid alone is of the same nature.
(4) Minute quantity of Cu⁺⁺ used inn this experiment causes only several per cent depression of activity in several hours but the activity there after remains unchanged. Preincubation period of enzyme and Cu⁺⁺ has no effect on the degree of inhibition. (Fig. 3)
Hence, once the enzyme preparation is contaminated with traces of Cu⁺⁺, increased inhibition is caused by ascorbic acid.

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The following • ω, ω-bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) alkanes similar to NDGA were synthesized to make one approach to the solution of the relationship of chemical structure for the antioxidant activity.
Compounds mp. Number
1, 3-Bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) propane 117_??_119° VI
1, 4-Bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) butane 138_??_139° XVIII
1; 6-Bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) hexane 133_??_134° XXII
1, 9-Bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) nonane 106_??_108° XXV
1, 10-Bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) decane 129_??_131° XXIX
(1) The synthesis of VI. 3, 4, 3', 4'-Tetramethoxy chalcone (LLI), prepared by the con-densation of veratric aldehyde (I) with acetoveratrone (II), was reduced by the catalytic hydrogenation and CLEMMENSEN method successively and the reduction product (V) was dertiethylated with HI to give VI.
(2) The synthesis of XVIIL 1, 4-Diveratrylbutane (XVII) was prepared by the method of H_AWORTH et al. ⁽⁴⁾ shown in the schema XI → XVII and demethylated with HI to give XVIII.
(3) The synthesis of XXII. Veratrol was condensed with adipyl chloride in the presence of AlC1₃ and the resulting 1, 4-diveratroyl-butane (XIX) was reduced to XXI by the W_OLFF-K_ISHER method, and then XXII was obtained through the demethylation with HI.
(4) The synthesis of XXV. Azelayl chloride and veratrol were condensed as the same way as in the case of adipyl chloride and veratrol and the resulting 1, 7-diveratroylheptane (XXIII), was hydrogenated by the C_LEMMENSEN reduction. The demethylation with HI gave XXV.
(5) The synthesis of XXIX. The condensation of polymeric sebacic anhydride with vertrol gave 1, 8-diveratroyloctane (XXVI) and ω-veratroylpelargonic acid (XXVII), mp. 85_??_87°. The former was treated as in the case of XXIII to yield XXIXX. 46%.
The antioxidant activity of these bis-(dihydroxyphenyl) alkanes will be discussed in the following papers.
The authors wish to express their appreciations to Professor Dr. Y. S_UMIKI for his, guidance and advice.

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β-Chloropropionitrile was condensed with ethyl acetamidomalonate to give ethyl-α-acet-amido-α-carbethoxy-ϒy-cyanobutyrate (I) in 62% yield.
DL-Glutamic acid and DL-ornithine monohydrochloride were prepared in 57% and 86% yield respectively, by treating (I) with concentrated hydrochloric acid or after hydro-genation with Raney nickel at 70° under the pressure of 80 kg/cm² for 4_??_5 hours.
Ethyl β-iodopropionate was condensed with ethyl acetamidomalonate to give ethyl α-acetamido-α-carbethoxyglutarate in 83% yield, which gave DL-glutamic acid by treating with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid was prepared by the following three methods:
1. Chloroacetonitrile was condensed with ethyl malonate to give ethyl cyanomethyl malo-nate (III) and ethyl bis-cyanomethylmalonate (IV). (III) was hydrogenated to give ethyl pyrrolidone- 5)-carbonate-(4) in 54% yield, which gave γ-aminobutyric acid in 85_??_95% yield by treating with hydrochloric acid or with baryta and then with sulphuric acid.
2. Ethyl β-formylpropionate was hydrogenated in alcohol containing ammonia. The resulting compound, which seems to be pyrrolidone, gave γ-aminobutyric acid in 44% yield by treating with hydrochloric acid.
3. Methyl γ-nitrobutyrate, which was prepared by condensing methyl acrylate with nitromethane, was hydrogenated to give γ-aminobutyric acid in 52% yield.

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(1) In the 8% mashes of dried sweet potato (plus 1/10 soybean cake) the fermentation could be ended normally when less than 80mg of ipomoearnarone per 100cc was added to the mashes, but the yield of acetone was reduced to about 1/5 of the normal fermentation when 160mg per 100 cc was added. The fermentation of the 10% mashes of the same raw material (plus 1/15 soybean cake) could be ended normally when less than 40mg per 100cc was added, but the yield of acetone was reduced to about 1/4.3, 1/7.6, and 1/10 of the normal situations respectively, when 60mg, 80mg, and 100mg per 100cc was added to each mashes. But the ratio of acetone to butanol did not change by adding ipomoeamarone.
(2) From the results of experiments using starch and casein, both amylolytic and proteolytic actions were inhibited to a certain extent by the presence of ipomoeamarone. The amylolytic action was inhibited about 13% by the presence of 100mg ipomoeamarone per 100 cc. ; and the proteolytic action was inhibited about 27% by the presence of the same amoupt of it. The inhibiting rate was found larger in the proteolytic action than in the amylolytic action.
(3) Germination tests for the bacterial spores using ipomoeamarone were made. Germination was not inhibited by the presence of 20 mg of this substance per 100cc of 5% corn mash; but germination was gradually inhibited) by more than 4mg, seriously by 140mg, and completely by 180mg.

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Fermentation tests was carried out using. black-rotten and soft-rotten sweet potatoes. The former was the sample which was artificially spoiled by incubating soundisweet potato at 22° for 20 days after inoculating with spores of Ceratostomella fimbriata, and the latter was obtained from the cellar which was naturally spoiled by microbes during the storage (Rhizopus nigricans is said to be responsible). The results of fermentation tests are sum-marized as follows:
(1) Fermentation of mashes of black-rotten sample (plus 1/15 soybean cake) was found very difficult; the rate of acetone yield obthined is as follows: 7 in the 10% mash, 8.2 in the 8% mash, and 10. 5 in the Boo mash of black-rotten sample, respectively, compared with 100 in the 10/ mash of sound sample (the same amount of soybean cake was also used). Fementation of black-rotten sample has somewhat been improved by mixing with large amount of sound sample; e.g., the rate of acetone yield from black-rotten sample, could be increased to about 50, 85, and 88 compared with 100 of sound sample when 2, 5, and 14 parts of sound sample were mixed with I part of black-rotten sample respectively.
(2) Fermentation of soft-rotten sample was not so difficult as black-rotten one. About 80 per cent acetone was obtained from 1030 mash of soft-rotten sample (plus 1/15 soybean cake) compared with sound one (the same amount of soybean cake was also used). Acetone yield from soft-rotten sample was gradually increased as the increasing rate of the sound sample mixed.

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(1) The results of the studies on inhibitory effects of catechol- and phenol-derivatives on the tea oxidase were shown in Table 1, i.e., 3-nitro-catechol gave no inhibition, p-nitro-phenol a little, and 4-nitro-catechol and m-nitro-phenol some inhibition.
(2) The inhibition by potassium cyanide was minute at the concentration of 10^-3M., but it was somewhat considerable at the 6oncentration of 10^-2M. Thus the inhibition Could not be attributable to cytochrome oxidase.
(3) Since the inhibition by CO was not recovered by the light radiation, it was considered that the oxidase working under this condition was not cytochrome oxidase but polyphenoloxidase.
(4) Concerning the results of the specificity of tea oxidase to the substrate it was observed that orthohydroxy or 1, 2, 3-trihydroxy phenol was easily oxidized, above all catechin was the most oxidiable
(5) Gallic acid was only a little oxidized, but its esters were easily oxidized.

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(1) Further studies were made on the weathering of pyroxene andesite which was described in the previous report. (2) The results obtained by alkali solution treatments showed that a small amount of alumina (1_??_2%) in the weathering products was existent in the free form. (3) At the early stage, the iron in the rock changes into limonitic oxides and with the progress of weathering the limonitic oxides gradually alter into hematitic oxides. In the weathering products, 81_??_95% of the iron soluble in HC1 are existent_??_r the form of free iron oxide. (4) The formation of weathering complex A² having the colour reaction of halloysite begins at an earlier stage of the weathering and the complex A₂ content becomes maximum either in the yellow or in the grey horizon, and decreases in the soils over the grey horizon. The weathering complex B having the colour reaction of kaolinite is formed at a latter stage of the weathering and gradually increses. It seems that the halloysite formed at an earlier stage in the weathering process is gradully converted into kaolinite. The weathering products contain a small amount of the complex A¹ soluble in the acid oxalate solu-tion (pH 4.1). (5) The grey horizon and soils are acid and very poor in exchangeable bases. The exchange acidity is at a maximum in the grey horizon and decreases in the soils. In yellow horizon, grey horizon, and soils, the degrees, of base saturation estimated by the KAPPEN's method were 3.4_??_7.7, and the hydrolytic acidities were 4.5_??_18 times as great as the exchange acidities. (6) The clays (<0. 002mm) separated from the soils contain halloysite, kaolinite, and free iron oxide.

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Methods of paper-chromatographic separation of phosphorylated intermediates are exa mined and a simpler method is described.
Addition of the cation exchange resin to the sample and washing of paper are recommended for good separation. Seven solvents, given in Table 1, are used for ascending chromatography under room temperature. Chromatographic pattern of phosphoric esters are shown in Figs. 1a_??_1g and Figs. 2_??_4.

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A relay was designed which operates by the change of dielectric constant. A coaxial condenser (Figs. 1 and 2) is connected parallelly with the tuning circuit of a crystalline oscilator (Figs. 1 and 4). When the circuit is syntonized, the relay does not operate and the magic eye is closed. Now, when a liquid, say water, flown in the coaxial condenser, its capacity is increased enough to break off the syntony and stop the oscillation. The magic eye is opened and the relay operates until the liquid flows out of the condenser.
For the liquid of a low dielectric constant, the measure of the coaxial condenser has a large effect. Type A (Tables 1 and 2) is the one which operates even in the case of ligroin when its volume is over 5 cc. Except this restriction, the relay works well, stably and surely.

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The authors received two industrially important strains of Asp. niger group, NRRL No. 330 and No. 337, from Professor K. B. RAPER. The general impressions of those strains seemed to be very near to those of Kuro-koji-molds⁽¹⁾ (see Table 1), the black Aspergilli, which are widely used for manufacturing a kind of distilled wine from sweet potatoes in the southern districts of Japan. As for the morphological characteristics of those Kuro-koji-mold distinguished from the ordinary Asp. niger VAN TIEGHEM strains, the authors have already⁽²⁾ pointed out that the conidial surfaces are rather smooth, rough or very rarely somewhat echinulate through the optical microscope while the latter when mature are conspicuously echinulate which were expressed as colored bars according to THOM and RAPER⁽³⁾.
As it is shown in the electron microscopic figures 1, 2 and 3, the surfaces of the conidial walls of NRRL No. 337 and No. 330 have so-called typical rough appearance while those of Asp. niger 2126 are provided with distinct processes, ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 in length. As for the conidial wall of Asp. niger, THOM and RAPER⁽⁴⁾ described that “rough or spinulose from coloring substance deposited as tubercles, bar or loops between the outer primary wall and the inner or secondary wall” But in the present electron micrographs (see Fig. 3) these processes are not able to attribute to the colored loops at least.
According to the classification proposed by the authors(5) the strain NRRL No. 337 may be classified as Asp. aureus var. brevius NAKAZAWA et al.⁽⁶⁾ from the follwing morphological characteristics (see also page 524) ; i. e. the conidial surface almost smooth through the optical microscope, the primary sterigmata under 10μ in length, the conidial heads small and blackish brown shade in color, the conidiophores short, andE the nitrite assimilation test positive (see page 524). Secondly the strain NRRL No. 330 may be classified as Asp. saitoi var. kagoshimaensis SAKAGUCHI et al.⁽⁷⁾ from l the following morphological characteristics (see also page 524); i. e. the conidial surface almost smooth through the optical microscope, short sterigmata about 10μ in length.
Amylase producing abilities of “Asp. niger” NRRL 330, 337 and Asp. oryzae NRRL 692 were compared with several strains of Japanese potent amylase producers. Whgn cultivated on wheat bran, both “Asp. niger” NRRL 330 and 337 produce the amylase system of Asp. usamii type⁽⁸⁾ and their activities are 6/7 and 1/2, respectively, of that of Asp. usamii R-0635. Amylase system of Asp. oryzae NRRL 692 belongs to “Asp. oryzae type” and its activity is about 7/10 of that of Asp. oryzae S-7⁽⁹⁾ and about 1.4 times higher than those of Asp. oryzae M 2-1 or S 1-1.

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The author had made quantitative observations on the sulfur compounds in the heatcoagulated white and yolk of incubating eggs and had revealed that the sulfur compounds were almost only cystine and nethionine. Here, he conducted the experiments to determine the sulfur and nitrogen of nonprotein fraction in the contents, mainly in the white of incubating eggs at 7-, 14-, and 17- days periods and also to detect free amino-acids, especially free sulfur-containing amino-acids in these materials by paper chromatogtaphy.
The results of these expriments were as follows;
1. The nonprotein sulfur and nitrogen of the white increased with the incubation age, but no free amino-acid could be detected in the white. The pH of the white was 7.65, 6.83, and 6.23 respectively after 7, 14, and 17 days of incubation.
2. In the total contents of the eggs, except chick embryos, no other sulfur-containing amino-acids were detected than methionine and cystine.
3. The yolk, after 17 days of incubation, contained as much nonprotein sulfur and nitrogen as the unabsorbed yolk in hatched, baby chicks, but the former contained much less free amino acids and no sulfur-containing amino-acid.

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Five sorts of hydrocarbonylthiolsulfinic acid esters were synthesized, and their antibacterial activitiel were tested. Every ester had no bacteriocidal activity, but the fatty, acid esters among them showed high germistatic activities for .some fungii, yest, grampositive and negative bacteria, and the β-naphthyl ester was not effective, probably for its insolubility to water.

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A study was made of the assimilation of vitamin B1 by brewery yeasts. The best conditions for assimilating high B1 content by yeast is as follows: 1% sugar and 1 % pressed yeast are added to the yeast extract (pH 4.5), and the medium is fermented for 1_??_3 days at 20_??_30°.
The resulted yeast had high B1 content of 2000_??_3000 γ/g in dry matter. The most part of B1 in such B₁-enriched yeast exists in the form 9f free type. Yeast extract has the effect to promote B₁ assimilation by yeasts.
When fermentable sugar such as cane sugar, mannose, glucose or fructose is added to the medium as the source of sugar, the yeast assimilates much B1, but when non-fermentable sugar such as galactose or lactose is used, the yeast does not assimillate B₁, and maltose ranks as the middle of the the above two groups.
The assimilation of B₁ by yeasts is considered to take place in connection with fermantation.

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The organic acid fermention of Pen. chrysogenunz Q 176 and of the Pigmentless sultant were studied, in surface and shaking culture on medium containing 10% glucose. Q 176 and the Pigmentless sultant produced 51.7% and 47.1% gluconic acid, 10.2% and 9.8% succinic acid, and 0.4% and 0.32;% lactic acid respectively, based on the consumd sugar, utilization of sugar being both 98%.
Other organic acids usually produced by molds were not found by these molds.
In organic acid productivity, Q 176 and Pigmentless sultant strain were considered to be almost the same, but Pigmentless sultant proved to be somewhat weaker in the productivity.
So this sultant may be called regressive mutant in these particular properties too, as similar in the case of other mutants.

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This investigation was concerned with nutritional requirements of 11 biochemical mutants of soy making Aspergillus sojae induced by nitrogen mustard (methyl-bis-β-chloroethylamine).
The author observed the following facts in this experiement:
In vitamin requirements, three strains required nicotinic acid.
In amino-acid requirements, three strains required methionine, one strain required lysine and one strain required glycine. The last one was not obtained by ultraviolet or x-rays. In base requirements one strain requiring adenine sulphate or guanine hydrochloride and two strains required untested factors containing in yeast extracts.

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Two strains of Gibberella fujikuroi, i. e., G-4 and As 6-7 were selected for the production of gibberellin in the submerged culture from twenty strains through the shaken culture method with or without the test pieces of metals. It was found that the amount of gibberellin produced was smaller in presence of even the stainless steel 18-8 than in the absence.
Submerged cultures were carried out with these strains in 150 l tank made of stainless steel 18-8. As the result, the production of gibberellin was nearly estimated to be corresponding to 8μg of the pure gibberellin A per I cc of the culture medium by the bioassay method. The chemical changes during each fermentation were shown in Figures 5_??_7.

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The flavorous substances in raw-soy were investigated by Al₂O₃-liquid chromatography.
1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-ethyibenzene, p-hydroxy-phenylethyl alcohol, acetic acid, palmitic acid and benzoic acid were proved as the hydrolytic decomposition products of the fraction, of which flavor was strongest of all fractions.
Vanillic acid was isolated from an other fraction, of which fluorescence was strongest. Beside them, C₈H₆O₃ (mp. 250_??_260°), C₁₀H₂₀O (mp. 320° ca.) were isolated, but their relation to the soy-flavor has not been known.

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Anaerobic decomposition of d-tartarate was conducted with the resting cells of Pseudo. monas iwognita strain 3l in the presence of radioactive bicarbonate. The succinic acid produced was isolated and degraded. The methylene carbons showed no radioactivity, while the carboxyl carbons the specific activity showed 2.5 times as high as final bicarbonate. Therefore this incorporation of C¹⁴ could not be explained by the mere exchange reaction between the succinic acid and CO₂.
Formic acid formed in a small amount was found to have about the same specific activity as that of final bicarbonate, while acetic acid showed no radioactivity. Residual tartaric acid was isolated and degraded. Carboxyl carbons showed weak activity but no activity was found in carbons of -CH(OH)-. (These results are presented in Table 1.)
Dried preparation of cells was shown to have the strong activity of oxalacetic acid carboxylase. (Fig. 2)
From these experimental results it was concluded that this decomposition may proceed va oxalacetate according to the Scheme II.
_??_
It is supposed that phosphorylated compounds or coenzyme-bound compouds are true intermediates, but these active forms were omitted for simplicity.
C*=radioactive carbon.

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So-called 2, 3-cyanonaphthoic acid, synthesized by H. WALDMANN's method, was proved identical with 2, 3-naphthalenedicarboxylic imide, synthesized from 2, 3-naphthalenedicarb'o-xylic anhydride. By this fact, the abnormality of so-called 2, 3-cyanonaphthoic acid, which had been reported by the present author, was attributed to the character of the latter substance.

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(1) Successful methods are described for determination of organic acids in tobacco.
(a) Oxalic acid was determined either by KISSLING's (gravimetric) or HALLIWELL's (micro-titrimetric) method as shown in Table 1.
(b) Malic acid was determined by LEININGER's (fluorometric) method as shown in Table 2.
(c) Citric acid was determined either by HARTMANN's (gravimetric) or NATERSON's (colorimetric) method as shown in Table 5.
(2) In the separation and identification of organic acids, the paper-chromatographic method was applied to both cured and uncured tobacco leaves, there were citric, malic, lactic, malonic, succinic and one unknown acid (RF: 0.77, with solvent A, R_F: 0.86, with B, R_F: 0.80, with C, ). As aromatic acids, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were identified in both types of leaves. Fumaric acid was detected in slight quantity in cured tobacco leaves.

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