An improved direct method was devised for the assay of heme-pigment in muscle.
In this method, the concentration of hematin, C_h (ppm), is calculated from the following equation, in which K represents the absorption coefficient, S the scattering coefficient, both at 525 nm, m the proportion of met-form in the total heme-pigment. The K/S₅₂₅(m) means the K/S value at 525 nm of the meat sample in which m is arbitrary.
C_h=34.13•K/S₅₂₅(m)-14.06
The m value is calculated by the following equation.
m=-1.302•^{K/S₅₇₅(m)-0.412}/_{K/S525(m)-0.412}+1.674
By this direct method, it was found that pork meat develops the reducing activity for met pigment only when stored anaerobically.

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During the studies of 15 α-hydroxylation of steroids with Fusarium lini which has been reported to introduce a 15 α-hydroxyl group into the steroid nucleus, we found that F. lini IFO 7156 converted pregnane and androstane series into the corresponding 11 α-hydroxy derivatives. The fungus converted 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone into 11 α, 17 α-dihydroxyprogesterone (20%), 11 α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione (8%) and 11 α-hy-droxytestosterone (trace), and converted progesterone into 11 α-hydroxytestosterone (45%), 11 α-hydroxyprogesterone (7%) and 11 α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4%). This fungus also converted 4-androstene-3, 17-dione and testosterone into the corresponding 11 α-hydroxy derivatives. From the above results, it was assumed that 11 α-hydroxylase of F. lini had a relatively wide substrate specificity.

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Changes of constituents of leaves of red clover were measured in the course of drying in the sun. Profiles of gel filtration of pH 8.0 borate buffer soluble part of fresh and dried leaves, characteristics of protein preparations isolated from them and from hot 0.2% NaOH 60% EtOH soluble part of fresh and dried leaves were researched.
1. Moisture decreased by 76% for 1 day and by 98% for 2 days of drying in the sun, and no changes were observed after those days. A remarkable change of nitrogen was not observed by drying in the sun. pH 8.0 borate buffer soluble nitrogen increased for 1 day. Protein nitrogen and pH 8.0 borate buffer soluble protein nitrogen decreased for 1 day, and then severe decrease was observed for 2 days. Amino nitrogen increased for 1 day and did not chang after that. Total sugars, soluble sugars and reducing sugars decreased fastly for 1 day. Total phenol and derivatives of caffeic acid decreased gradually during dring in the sun. Sugars and phenolics in protein fraction obtained by gel filtra-tion increased by drying in the sun.
2. Nitrogen in protein preparations isolated from pH 8.0 borate buffer soluble part decreased, and sugars and ash in them increased in the course of drying in the sun. Nitrogen in protein preparations isolated from hot 0.2% NaOH 60% EtOH soluble part decreased too. Digestibility with trypsin and available lysine content of protein preparation decreased by drying in the sun.
3. In each protein preparation, glucose, galactose, fructose and arabinose as sugars and protocatechuic acid as phenolics were identified. Quercetin was detected in protein preparation isolated from pH 8.0 borate buffer soluble part of fresh leaves.

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Multiple acid phosphatase activities of rice seeds at various physiological stages-the milky seeds, fully mature seeds, seedlings, embryos of fully mature seeds, and young leaves-were determined by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration or disc electro-phoresis.
The activity per grain was the highest in the milky seeds, next in the fully mature seeds, and the lowest in the seedlings. The marked activities were observed with p-nitrophenylphosphate, pyrophosphate and α-naphthylphosphate in each stage. The activity of the fully mature seeds was concentrated into the brans and embryos.
The activity patterns on DEAE-cellulose or CM-cellulose chromatography were remarkably different, depending on the physiological stages.
The estimated molecular weights of the separated enzyme fractions were respectively grouped as 60, 000, 80, 000_??_100, 000, 110, 000_??_120, 000 and 200, 000_??_220, 000. Most of the enzyme fractions were in the 80, 000_??_100, 000 group, while the enzyme fractions from the embryo involved all four molecular weight groups. Disc electrophoresis of the seed extracts indicated four active bands at pH 9.4 gel. Two of the four decreased in the order of the milky, fully mature and seedling stages respectively. The two others remained unchanged significantly through all stages. The separated enzyme fractions from the fully mature seeds and seedlings showed similar patterns with 1 to 3 active bands, while those of the milky seeds gave more active bands.

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The constituents of the essential oil of Canarium album Raeush. have been studied.
Fresh barks and woods of C. album Raeush. on steam distillation gave an essential oil in 0.06% and 0.09% yield, respectively. The essential oil was treated with 5%-sodium carbonate, then with 5%-sodium hydroxide solution, and was separated into the three parts; neutral, sodium carbonate soluble, and sodium hydroxide soluble part. The each part was separated by column chromatography and gas chromatography.
α-Pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1, 8-cineole, p-cymene, linalool, α-copaene, linalyl acetate, cis-p-2-menten-1-ol, 1-terpinen-4-ol, trans-p-2-menten-1-ol, β-caryophyllene, citronellyl acetate, aromadendrene, β-terpineol, α-terpineol, γ-muuro-lene, terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, α-muurolene, geranyl acetate, nerol, δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, geraniol, calamenene, 1-methyl-1'-methoxy-4-isopropyl-7-vinyl-decalin, methyl ether of α-cadinol, methyl myristate, epi-cubenol, δ-cadinol, α-cadinol, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate, fourteen kinds of carboxylic acid, six kinds of phenolic compound and alkane of C₁₀-C₃₂ have been identified through their infrared, mass, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and chemical method.

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The membrane potential of “Millipore” filters in which the thin membranes of phospho-lipids and the liquid membranes consisting of phospholipids and oleyl alcohol were con-structed was measured in the mixture of potassium and sodium chloride solutions in the presence of an ionophore such as valinomycin or gramicidin D. From the results obtained, the potassium ion selectivity against the sodium ion for these lipid membranes was discussed. The phospholipids (or their analogs) used were phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl serine (PS), dioleyl phosphate (DOP) and distearyl phosphite (DSP).
The permeability ratio (P_K/P_Na) of the filters containing the thin lipid membranes made of PC or DOP is in the range of 1.7 to 1.9 in the presence of the ionophores. In the case of the liquid membranes, in general, the permeability ratio is higher than that in the case of the thin membranes. For the liquid membranes in the absence of ionophores, the ion selectivity is somewhat observed. The selectivity increases fairly on addition of valinomycin, whereas it does not appreciably increase on addition of gramicidin D. When the quantity of lipid solution contained in the filter is reduced, the permeability ratio of the filters in the presence of the ionophores in general decreases.

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In order to elucidate the changes of casein micelles by heating concentrated milk, the effects of urea, EDTA, and pH on the disaggregation of the casein micelles in the heated concentrated whey protein-free milk (WPF milk) were examined.
The amount of the soluble casein formed by the addition of 0.5_??_1.25M urea was much larger in the heated concentrated WPF milk than in the unheated one. The compo-sition of the soluble casein formed in the heated concentrated WPF milk by urea was similar to that in the unheated one.
The amount of the soluble casein formed by the addition of 5_??_7.5mM EDTA was somewhat larger in the heated concentrated WPF milk than in the unheated one, and only a small difference between the heated and the unheated concentrated WPF milk was observed in the amount of the soluble casein formed by the addition of 10_??_15mM EDTA. The amounts of calcium and inorganic phosphorus released from the casein micelles in the heated concentrated WPF milk by EDTA were similar to those from the casein micelles in the unheated one.
The amount of the soluble casein formed in an alkaline pH region was much larger in the heated concentrated WPF milk than in the unheated one. In an acidic pH region, the amount of soluble casein decreased in the heated concentrated WPF milk though it increased a little in the unheated one.
It is considered from the above results that the bonding action of colloidal calcium phosphate is weakened by heating concentrated milk.

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It was found that the saccharase bound to the cell wall of sugar beet root is a globulin-like protein, judging from the insolubility in water or sodium chloride solution less than 0.1M. Insolubilization of the enzyme protein by decreasing the concentration of sodium chloride resulted in partial inactivation, and the activity was partially restored by solubilization by treating the insolubilized protein with sodium chloride solution more than 0.2M.

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Cladosporium cladosporioides No. 9 produces a fragrant flavor like a ripe banana in culture medium. The formation of neutral fraction of aroma concen-trates has been studied in a synthetic medium with glucose as a sole carbon source. Neutral fraction of aroma concentrates in the ether: n-pentane (3:1) extract of culture broth were analyzed by both gas- and paper chromatographies. Following com-pounds were tentatively identified; methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, isoamyl, n-amyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl and β-phenyl-ethyl alcohols, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl n-valerate, isobutyl n-butyrate, ethyl n-caproate, ethyl n-capryate, isoamyl n-butyrate, ethyl laurate, β-phenylethyl acetate and acetalde-hyde.

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A new method for determination of dimethyl sulfide was established. Thus dimethyl sulfide formed by heating Satsuma mandarin juices was trapped in the silica gel column and determined quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography: The column was packed with a mixture of 0.5ml of conc. H₂SO₄ and 1.0g of silica gel. Dimethyl sulfide trapped in the column from juices (Fig. 1) was eluted with ice water and filled up to 25ml to make 2% H₂SO₄ solution. Five milliliters of the acidic solution and 8 μ1 of 5% t-butyl alcohol as an in-ternal standard were introduced into a 125ml Erlen-meyer flask and stoppered tightly, and incubated 20min at 25°C. The head space gas was injected into the gas-liquid chromatograph. The calibration curve gave a linear relationship between 30 and 150 ppb (Fig. 2).

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