When moisture, air, and warmth are sufficient, catalase activity in wheat grains increases independently of germination. Under these conditions, catalase, in wheat grain without embryo except scutellum, increases linearly with time. In such cases Q₁₀ is=2.8_??_3.0 in the temperature range of 13°_??_23°C.
From the studies of the localization of catalase, it is assumed that scutellum and aleutone layer have important role in the formation of catalase.

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The potato protein was obtained as a by-product of the starch production from potato tuber. Its yield was about 0.23 per cent of fresh potatoes.
The nutritional values of this potato protein were researched for rats. It was found that the potato protein supplemented with a small amount of the herring milt protein gave a very good effect on the growth of young rats. This effect was due to the high contents of arginine and the appetite promoting properties attributable to the herring milt protein. It was also shown that adult rats could support themselves sufficiently with a diet containing potato protein as the single protein source.

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The distribution df phosphorylase, phosphatase, and β-amylase in fruits, vegetables (except root vegetables), and some leaves was examined. Fruits contained little or no enzyme activities. But chestnut and gingko, which contained large amounts of strch were rich in phosphorylase activities. Almost all vegetables and leaves, except onion, showed more or less phosphorylase activities and little or no β-amylase activities, which suggested that phosphorylase might take part in the formation of assimilation starch as well as reserve starch in plants.

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HORNE and POLLARD⁽¹⁾ reported a paper strip chromatography using 3% ammonium, chloride as a developing agent for identification of streptomycin. Allied methods were announced for separation of enzymes or proteins on the filter paper strips. We improved this method using 3% NaCl instead of ammonium chloride for chromatography of several antibiotics⁽²⁾. We applied this method further for amino acids, pigments and vitamins.
Formerly this phenomenon was considered as salting out, but recently ELTON⁽⁴⁾ and RUTTER⁽⁵⁾, declared it due to the streaming potential when the salt solution flows through the capillary channel of paper.
1) Rf values of natural amino acids by the salt solution: The procedure is almost the same as ordinary paper partition chromatography of amino acids with the use of NaCl as developer instead of organic solvents. (Table 1) It may be noted that the Rf values of most amino acids are about 0.9, whereas tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine have dferent Rf values.
2) Rf values of pigments: It is convenient that all pigments show spots directly of their own colors on the paper. The pH of the NaCl solution we used was 5.3. (Table 2). It may be seen that all these pigments have specific Rf values.
3) Rf values of vitamins B₁ and B₂ and folic acid: Vitamins B₁ and B₂ and folic acid indicate specific Rf values by this procedure. (Table 3).
4) Double spots of lysine picrate and lysine flavinate: Lysine picrate and lysine flavianate show double spots by this method as in Table 4.

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Previously, the authors reported two synthetic methods of theanine starting from _L-glutamic acid. According to these methods, the author synthesized _L-aspartic acid β-ethylamide and _L-glutamic acid γ-methylamide as the related compounds of theanine, and determined Rf values of these amides in paper partition chromatography, since such studies may be helpful in knowing the distribution of these amide in nature.

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Hemicellulose prepared from Elm wood, Ulmus Davidiana Planch. var. japonica NAKAI, yields the glycosides of 2, 3-dimethyl xylose and 2- or 3-monomethyl xylose in the approximate molecular ratio 8:1 upon methanolysis of the methyl ether derivative.
Accordingly, it seems evident that, in the original hemicellulose, wherin eight molecules of xylose are associated with one residue of xylogluconic acids, the xylose residues consist of two types one combines with the adjacent residues C₁ and C₄ and the other has only one hydroxyl group situated in C₂ or C₃ and combines through the three positions of C₁, C₄ and C₂ or C₃ with other residues, and that the molecular ratio of the former to the latter is 8 to 1 approximately.
It appears that only β-xylose residues are concernd in this hemicellulose, since the specific rotation of the hemicellulose (-96.0°) is analogous to that of β-mehyl xyloside (-67°) but very different from that of α-methyl xyloside(+153°).

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(1) It has been confirmed that amylose is contained in glutinous rice starch, although in a small amount. The difference in iodine-coloration degree of amylose and that of amylopectin, which were prepared from several varieties of rice starch, were respectively observed.
(2) The proportion of amylose and amylopectin in several varieties of rice starch was estimated by determining the iodine-coloration degree of original starch, amylose and amylopectin.
(3) It is shown that iodine potentiometric titration method is not applicable at least for gluti-nous-rice starch.
(4) The reason for the difference which was found respectively in iodine-coloration degree of original starch, amylose and amylopectin, prepared from several varieties of rice, was discussed. A caution to be taken is notified in the estimation of the proportion of starch fractions by determining iodine-coloration degree.

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(1) The authors have investigated the relations between spore concentration and the survival time at 100 and 95°C in phosphate buffer solution, using Bacillus natto-I and Bac. megatherium as test organisms. (The results are shown in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4).
(2) The relations between the logarithms of survival time and the logarithms of spore concentration were found to be linear (as shown in Fig. 2) as expressed in the following formula;
log₁₀N=a+blog₁₀t
where, N is the spore number per ml, t is the survival time in minutes, and a and b are constants specific to the strains, temperature, and the nature of suspending medium.
(3) When the spores were suspended and heated in nutrient broth of pH 6.9, the relation also follows the above formula.
(4) It has been shown clearly that the main cause of the increases of the survival time with the spore concentrations can not be attributed to the selectivity of the more resistant individuals, as hitherto been supposed. There must be some other fundamental causes of physico-chemical nature in the above relation.

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Vitamin B₁ showed three kinds of polarographic waves in alkaline media: (1) the unstable cathodic wave at negative potential as nearly -2.0 V. vs. N. C. E., (2) the catalytic wave of BRDICKA in usual cobalt buffer, and (3) the anodic wave with the half wave potintial of -0.439V. vs. N. C. E. (pH 11.0). These waves were eliminated by the reaction with monoiodoacetic acid. By the air oxidation, the anodic wave changed to two separate waves, one anodic and one cathodic, and also catalytic wave was eliminated. From these observations we pointed out that vitamin B₂ converts to its SH-form in the alkaline media of pH above 9.0. Consequently, the percentage of the formations of SH-form at different pH was graphically calculated from the heights of the anodic waves in buffered solutions. In cobalt buffer, the catalytic wave was observed even with acidic medium as pH 4.0 and its shape was perfectly identical with that apearing in alkaline media. But a difference was found that the heights of maxima decreased gradually until almost zeor in 150 minutes at pH 10.6 and 9.6, while a little decreasing was observed in the first 30 minutes but its height was kept constant after then at pH 3.0 and 8.5.

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Rh. G. 36, the lactic acid former, produces a large amount of lactic acid under strong aeration and agitation, and considerable production of fumaric acid along with lactic acid is also confirmed. In the mixed culture of Rh. G. 36 and Rh. G. 34 the fumaric acid former, it is found that a larger amount of fumaric acid compared with that of lactic acid is obtained.

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(1) An attempt on the freezing isolation of sericin sol was done and the two fractions containing nitrogen were obtained. They were very characteristic in physico-chemical properties respectively.
(2) The one is a soluble fraction that should dissolve in water reversibly by melting (free from freezing). It is very hygroscopic and contains 6.92% nitrogen.
(3) The other is an insoluble fraction containing 16.48% nitrogen ; it is reprecipitated in fibrous form irreversiblly from the sericin sol by freezing in low temperature.
(4) When the freezing temperature is -30°_??_80° and the melting temperature is constant, these two fractions will be separated quantitatively from the same sol by the freezing isolation method.

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In the course of study of furyl ketone derivatives as contact insecticides, it has become desirable to prepare completely pure α-naphthyl methyl ketone (I). Thereby, in this paper, we report the preparation of (I) from α-naphthaldehyde (II) and diazomethane according to the Arndt-Eistert reaction.
The synthesis of this compound was reported by many authors, but we found no literature on the behavior of diazomethane towards (II).
Depending on the Arndt-Eistert reaction, the scheme of synthetic reaction may be expressed as in Fig. 1.
This reaction yields in the first step a pyarzole derivative, but this intermediate compound is unstable and decomposes very easily eliminating nitrogen. It may be converted into three condensation products (ketone, ethylene oxide or homologous aldehyde).
Therefore, (II) was kept in diazomethane ether solution at room temperature until nitrogen evolution ceased. (I) and ethlyene oxide derivative could be isolated from the mixture of reaction products by treatment with saturated NaHSO₃ solution.
(I) was separated by distillation, showing b. p._7mm 154°, and it was identified as the semicarbazone of mp. 209°. From the crystalline addition compounds of NaHSO₃, the unreacted (II) and a neutral substance were liberated by means of Na₂CO₃. The neutral crystalline substance thus obtained is colorless prism, melts at 140_??_141° and the deduced empirical formula is C₁₃H₁₂O₂.

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In the previous papers¹⁾²⁾³⁾ of this series the authors reported that the nucleus of gibberic acid, C₁₇H₂₁•CO•COOH, must be fluorene (I) and also assumed that the, side chains of gibberic acid might be attached to the 4th and 5th carbons of fluorene nucleus and the nucleus would be hydrated partially.
By treating gibberic acid with manganese dioxide, an acid, m. p. 191_??_192°, is obtained as prisms. This acid is identified as hemimelli_??_ic acid (II) by the mixed m. p. with the authentic compound which is prepared from acenaphthene (III) by oxidizing with potassium permanga nate.
This fact that hemimelli_??_ic acid has beenob-ained from gibberic acid endorse cha. one of the positions of side chains attched to the mother nucleus must be the 5 th carbon a_??_om of fluorene and the mother nucleus of gibberic acid i.e. fluorene must have one benzene ring and one partially hydrated benzene ring.

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Analyses of ash of various kinds of flowers are given in Tables 1 and 2.

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A new method for the qualitative analysis of fats has been devised by using paper chromatography. The method employed involves the oxidative decomposition of fat by potassium permanganate in the acetone solution, esterification of the acidic oxidation products, preparation of their hydroxamic acid derivatives, and final paper chromatographic separation of these acids. [Cf. INouYE and NODA: This Journal, 23, 294, 368 (1950); 24, 291, 295 (1951)] The hydroxamic acids prepared from the oxidation products of each fat give a characteristic chromatogram, in which the appearance of spots differs from that of other fats, because the amount and kind of the lower carboxylic acids produced by oxidation are restricted within specific range according to each, on account of the peculiarity of structures and proportions of the component fatty acids of original fat.
It seems that this method can be utilized for the qualitative analysis of fats as a new interesting method.

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The MICHAELIS constant of catalase-H₂O₂ system was determined by both methods, MICHAILIS-MENTEN'S and LINEWEA.VER-BURK'S, as 0.15 and 0.35 mole at 0.5°C respectively and the validity of the latter value was postulated. The MICHAELIS constant decreases with ascension of temperature. The heat of dissociation of the intermediate compound was calculated as 3, 100 cal./mole, which was compared with the apparent activation energy, 3, 700 cal./mole between 0.5 and 10.5°C. It was conclusively discussed that the MICHAELIS' theory, in opposition to CHANCE's opinion, was also valid to the catalase-H₂O₂ system.

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