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Volume 49, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Misako KUWAHATA, Nobuko NAKAHAMA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 129-134
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe static viscoelasticity of the 20% soybean gel was measured by the parallel plate viscoelastometer. The properties were compared with those of the egg white gel and the 1.5% agar gel. From the analysis of the results by means of the four-elements mechanical model, we obtained the Hookean Young's modulus (EH), retarded elastic modulus and viscosity (EV, ηV), flow viscosity (ηN), and retarded time (τ) for these gels, respectively. Further, the texture parameters of these gels were investigated by the Rheolometer. The hardness of the soybean gel. is about three times harder than that of the agar gel. The higher the temperature of the soybean gel, the lower the Young's modulus and viscosity were. The master creep curve of the soybean gel was determined in the range of 1_??_105 sec by superimposing the creep curves of the gel at temperature ranged from 12.4°C to 59.8°C. Thereafter, retardation spectrum was obtained at 1_??_105 sec.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Nobuo SUGANO, Hiroichi AKIYAMA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 135-139
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe difference of the amount of amino groups on the cell surface between aggregating and non-aggregating types of Sake yeasts was investigated by acid-titration and measurement of the amounts of dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonyl chloride (DNS chloride) and sodium laulyl sulfate (SLS) bound to yeast cells.
The amount of acid for titration at pH 3_??_11 was larger for aggregating yeasts than for non-aggregating yeasts. Particularly, the difference was marked at pH 7_??_11. The amounts of SLS and DNS chloride bound to yeast cells were larger for aggregating yeasts than for non-aggregating yeasts.
The pH-dependence of the aggregating of Sake yeasts with cellulose was examined at pH 1_??_12 and the aggregation occurred at pH 1_??_10.
From the above results, it was supposed that the amount of amino groups on the cell surface were larger in aggregating Sake yeasts than in non-aggregating Sake yeasts.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Nobuo SUGANO, Shuroku SUZUKI, Hiroichi AKIYAMA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 141-148
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreparations of cell walls were obtained from Sake yeasts aggregating and nonaggregating with cellulose. Comparative studies of components in the walls of both types of strains showed the following results.
For the walls obtained from young yeasts (cultured for 4 days), no significant difference was observed in the contents of glucose, mannose, protein, phosphorus and glucosamine between the strains. In the walls obtained from aged yeasts (cultured for 10 days), the contents of protein and phosphorus were larger and the content of mannose was smaller in aggregating strains. It was found from analysis of fraction A, which was fractionated from the walls with ethylendiamine, that the differences of contents of these components resulted from the outer layer in the walls. There were no striking differences on the amino acid composition between the walls of young cells of any strains, but in the walls of aged cells the proportions of lysine, histidine, arginine and amino acids which liberated ammonia by hydration were larger and those of threonine and serine were smaller in aggregating strains than in non-aggregating strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1478K) -
Takeshi KOMURA, Hideo NAGAYAMA, Setsu WADA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 149-155
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, one of the three lipase-activators isolated from Hizikia fusiformis has been identified as phytol, a terpene, and considered to be a new, typical activator, most effective among them. However, only triacetin has been thus far used as the substrate for testing the activator activity with the crude porcine pancreatic lipase. Hence, it was attempted to see which enzyme activity, so-called lipase or esterase, in the crude preparation is susceptible to the stimulation of phytol, by the use of various substrates and inhibitors.
A remarkable stimulation with phytol was observed only when the soluble substrates such as methyl butyrate and monopropionin as well as triacetin were employed, while no stimulation was observed when emulsions of insoluble substrates such as tributyrin and olive oil were employed.
The esterase activity thus stimulated by phytol was distinguishable from the lipase activity by the effect of DFP; the estrase activity and its stimulation were significantly inhibited by DFP, while none of the lipase activity was affected.
Thus, the enzyme activity susceptible to phytol stimulation was found not to be the typical lipase activity but the esterase activity in the crude preparation. Therefore, this stimulation by phytol should be added as a new differentiating feature between pancreatic lipase and esterase activities.
The addition of NaCl or pre-heating, of the enzyme at 60°C abolished the stimulation by phytol.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Takeshi KOMURA, Hideo NAGAYAMA, Setsu WADA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 157-162
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, the esterase activity in the crude pancreatic lipase was found to be remarkably stimulated by phytol isolated from Hizikia fusiformis. Hence, it was attempted to clarify the properties of this enzyme susceptible to the stimulation by phytol, on the basis of the substrate specificity and the effects of surface-active agents and physical state of substrate.
Neither cholesterol esterase and proteoesterase activities nor the esterase activities against p-nitrophenyl acetate, valeryl salicylate, and micellar monoglycerides were stimulated by phytol.
Thus, the enzyme susceptible to phytol was suggested to be a kind of carboxylesterase, acting on simple esters and glycerides of shorter-chain fatty acid only when they are in the state of “true solution” in the absence of bile salts.
It could not be excluded, however, that the lipase itself (possibly its esterase activity) might be partly responsible for the activation by phytol, from the observations on the effects of surface-active agents and of chain length of a series of aliphatic esters. It is not possible, therefore, to attribute this kind of enzyme to the so-called “typical” carboxylesterase, hydrolyzing aromatic as well as aliphatic esters, as is the case with liver esterase.
The stimulation of this enzyme by phytol was readily inhibited by the addition of bile salts, lecithin, Triton X-100, or urea, while the lipase activity was rather insensitive to them.View full abstractDownload PDF (474K) -
Tetuya YAMADA, Makoto HISAMATSU, Motoji TAKI1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 163-167
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gas chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of the average degree of polymerization (DP) of a short-chain amylose released from amylopectin with isoamylase.
Few mg of the amylose was reduced with sodium borohydride, and sodium ion and boric acid was removed with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and methanol, respectively. The reduced amylose (“Amylitol”) was hydrolyzed with 0.2N-hydrochloric acid (3ml) at 120°C for 75min. After deionization with Amberlite IR-400 (carbonate form), the solution containing glucose and sorbitol was concentrated in vacuum, and acetylated with pyridine and acetic anhydride. The acetyl derivatives were measured with GLC on the column of silicone OV-17. From the area ratio of glucose and sorbitol and the calibration curve, DP of amylose was estimated.
The average chain length of amylopectin separated from waxy maize starch was determined by this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Toshizo SAKURAI, Sumiko KUBO, Eiko ONOUE1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 169-177
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phages of Lactobacillus casei S-1 were classified into the five types on the bases of two criteria: growth patterns on three strains which were isolated from S-1 as resistant mutants to the phage J1 and selorogical reaction patterns to anti-J1 and/or anti-SG-T phage sera.
During the two successive years, phage flora in drainages at four plants (owned by Yakult Co.) located in various parts of Japan were sampled and typed according to the criteria above. Our main interest was the fate of each type phage during the observation period. The average features over the four locations for each type phage were summarized below. Type IV phage was constantly abundant. Type III and SG-T phage increased gradually. Type I and II phages were, however, observed rare.
Responses of each type phage to several physico-chemical factors, which were supposed to influence the phage flora constitution, were studied using the phages isolated from the above samples. Among them, the most important agents to describe the abundancy of each type phage in this flora were found to be the differential sensitivities to, and the differences in growth abilities under conditions concerning heat, pH value, and some drugs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
Hiromici KATO, Hisataka ISHIKAWA, Hajime KASHIO, Hironobu TSUCHIDA, Ma ...1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 179-183
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nondialyzable melanoidin prepared from D-glucose or D-xylose and glycine was degraded by oxidating with KMnO4 and that prepared from D-glucose or D-xylose and n-butylamine was reduced with NaBH4. The antioxidative activity of these reaction products was investigated.
The melanoidin, when oxidized with alkaline KMnO4 at 20°C, was decomposed into lower molecular weights and its intense brown color faded almost completely. However, the butanol-soluble fraction of the oxidized product showed a comparable or stronger antioxidative activity than that of the melanoidin before oxidation, indicating that the active center was not affected by the oxidation in spite of the decomposition of the brown polymer construction.
When the melanoidin was reduced with NaBH4 at room temperature, the brown color faded considerably and the antioxidative activity of the reduced melanoidin also decreased in proportion to the decrease of color intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Mitsuo HIURA1975 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 185-187
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new polysaccharide was isolated from corn smut galls in their early stages of development. Total acid hydrolysis proved this substance to be a glucan. On partial acid hydrolysis, followed by column chromatography, glucose, gentiobiose and laminaribiose were isolated and identified. Gentiotriose and laminaritriose were also isolated and inferred. Infrared spectra as well as low specific rotation of the polysaccharide indicated that the glycosidic linkages might be of the β type. When oxidized by periodate, the polysaccharide consumed 1.91 moles of oxidant and yielded 0.94 mole of formic acid per mole anhydroglucose, suggesting that about 90% of glucose units may be joined by β-(1→6) linkages, and the remainder by β-(1→3) linkages. The glucan was tentatively termed as “zeagallan.”View full abstractDownload PDF (211K)
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