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Volume 41, Issue 7
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Narataro MUGIBAYASHI, Ryu SHINKE1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 295-303
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough papain has so far been regarded as one of the most effective reagents for activation of zymogen β-amylase in barley and therefore employed for the determination of the total β-amylase in barley, it was found that 2-mercaptoethanol is about one and three tenths times as effective as papain in activation and solubilization of zymogen β-amylase. This brought about the necessity to reconsider the conventional method of the total β-amylase determination, and a new method has been proposed in the present paper by which one gram of a ground barley is extracted with 50ml of 0.2M 2-mercaptoethanol containing 0.1% papain at 30°C for 2 hours and the extract obtained is subjected to the enzyme determination after an appropriate dilution with water.
At the same time, on the basis of the experimental results obtained during the exhaustive extraction of barley β-amylase by the use of 5% potassium sulfate, 0.1% papain, 0.2M 2-mercaptoethanol and 0.2M 2-mercaptoethanol containing 0.1% papain, the possibility was suggested that there were soluble but inactive types of β-amylase in the salt and papain extracts which were activated by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Their fluctuations during barley germination were also observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
On the Concentration of Egonol by Solvent Extraction and Molecular DistillationHiromichi MATSUBARA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 304-309
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe selective extraction of egonol, an effective pyrethrum synergist, from ego seed oil was studied. For this purpose, nitromethane was found to be the best solvent among various solvents, such as acetonitrile and γ-butyrolactone. The most satisfactory result was obtained on the repeated extraction that was carried out at 40°C either twice with each twofold volume of nitromethane or four times with each same volume of nitromethane to the ego seed oil. According to this procedure, egonol was extracted in 77_??_85% yield referred to its total content in the seed oil, and the egonol concentrate contained egonol in 28_??_30% by weight. On the molecular distillation under 10-4_??_10-6 mmHg pressure of the extract, the distillate at 150_??_170°C contained 69% of egonol present in the concentrate, so that the egonol content in the distillate was ca. 50% and so it was concentrated ca. 8.7 times than the original seed oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
The Heat Stable FactarTakao OMURA, Kazuko TERADA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 310-316
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Al3+, Cr3+, CNO-, ClO-, MoO42- and WO42- at pH 4.5 markedly accelerated the hydrolysis reaction of dehydroascorbate to diketogulonate at 37°C. At pH 2.4, the same reaction was accelerated markedly only by Fe3+, or MoO42-.
(2) In the presence of Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, CrO42-, CNO- or ClO-, diketogulonate was not produced significantly. While the former four ions accelerated the degradation of diketogulonate more markedly than the hydrolysis of dehydroascorbate, diketogulonate was very stable in the presence of CNO- or ClO-.
(3) From the pH and temperature dependence of the reaction in the presence of Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Sn4+, CNO-, ClO-, MoO2- or WO42-, the mechanism of these catalytic reactions was briefly discussed.
(4) No remarkable acceleration of the hydrolysis reaction was observed by the addition of various nitrogen compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
The Selective Oxidation of the Side Chain in Kojic Acid Benzyl Ether with Nickel Peroxide and Active Manganese DioxideItsuo ICHIMOTO, Tsutomu WASHINO, Kichitaro FUJII, Chuji TATSUMI1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 317-323
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSelective oxidation of hydroxymethyl group at 2 position of kojic acid benzyl ether has been extensively studied. Nickel peroxide and active manganese dioxide were shown to be useful oxidizing agents for the hydroxymethyl group in kojic acid benzyl ether. Thus the oxidation of kojic acid benzyl ether with these oxidizing agents in an aqueous alkaline solution afforded the corresponding carboxylic acid derivative in good yield (about, 90%), while aldehyde compound was obtained on the oxidation in an organic solvent.
The best yields of comenic acid benzyl ether were resulted from the use of following conditions: pH, 12.0; reaction temperature, 40_??_60°C. The oxidation with nickel peroxide can advantageously be completed in a short (0.5_??_1.0 hr.) with two equivalent amounts of the available oxygen in oxidizing agent. However, the completion of the oxidation with manganese dioxide required both a large excess amounts of oxidizing agent and a long time of more than two hours.
Moreover, nickel peroxide recovered after oxidation can be readily renewed and repeatedly employed. The hydrogenolysis of the comenic acid benzyl ether over Raney nickel gave a comenic acid in good yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
Yoshikazu KONDO1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 324-328
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome Lepidopterous insect larvae accumulate histidine in high concentration in the hemolymph, and excrete it in the feces at the end of the larval stages. As the illustration on the phenomena, silkworm larvae were used to survey on the excretion of histidine, the take-in and out-put balance, and enzymic breakdown or synthesis of histidine by larval homogenates. The larvae at the fifth instar excrete 0.06% of histidine in the feces from 1 st day to 4 th day, but the excretion increases exponentially from 5 th day to the last feces, which contain 5 to 6% of histidine. Analyses on the free amino acids in the last feces revealed the concentration of histidine by thirty to hundred times to other components. Sex difference in histidine excretion, commonly observed in human urine, was not detected. Fasting the larvae at the low histidine excretion resulted in large excretion as the last feces. Estimation on take-in and out-put of histidine throughout the fifth instar denoted practically no difference in amounts. Enzymatic investigation with larval homogenates of 4 th day or 7 th day at fifth inster did not show histidine breakdown or synthesis. These results indicate that histidine accumulation in the larval hemolymph and large excretion in the feces by Lepidopterous insects originated mainly from their foods, and caused remnants in larva-pupa metamorphosis, eventually the histolysis of larval protein and the synthesis of silkprotein.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
Kenzo OKADA, Daizo YONEZAWA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 329-334
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Sulfhydryl and disulfide contents of gluten, gliadin and glutenin were estimated by amperometric titration with five kinds of wheat flour; Manitoba No. 2, Western White, Durum, Norin No. 26 and Shinchunaga. 2) Ethyl mercuric chloride and silver nitrate were used as titrants. Silver nitrate gave titration values in good agreement with ethyl mercuric chloride. 3) Sulfhydryl contents were less than 0.3 mole/105g protein with all the samples of gluten, gliadin and glutenin used. 4) Disulfide contents in mole disulfide per 105g protein were 7.4_??_9.9 for gluten, 7.7_??_10.1 for gliadin and 4.9_??_8.1 for glutenin. The value varied with the kind of wheat flour. 5) Shinchunaga, one of the Japanese old cultivar., showed especially high value of disulfide content. 6) The disulfide content of glutenin was considerably lower than that of gliadin from the same flour, suggesting that the composition of polypeptides is considerably different between gliadin and glutenin. 7) On the other hand, a tendency was observed that wheat flours, which showed high disulfide contents in gliadin, showed high disulfide contents in glutenin too.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
Effect of Methionine-Deficiency on Uptake of 35S-Methionine in RatHiroshi NAITO, Makoto KANDATSU1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 335-339
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdult male wister rats were fed a methionine-deficient diet containing 20% oxidized casein for twenty-five days, and then were intraperitoneally injected L-35S methionine at eighth hour before sacrifice.
Values were given for the total sulfur content and its specific activity of protein and of acid-soluble fraction in the liver, skeletal muscle and blood serum.
The results are summarized as follows;
1. The protein-S content of the liver did not differ in the methionine-deficiency from that in the protein depletion; in the latter case, constant decrease of protein fraction was observed. Further evidence was shown, in this respect, by comparing these two deficient groups with paired-feeding method, which assures an identical caloric effect on the weight of liver.
2. The fact, that the acid-soluble S in the liver and serum of both the methionine- and the protein-deficient rats decreased significantly, may be presumably as a result of decrease in sulfur-containing amino acids in the body pool.
3. Any significant change in the sulfur distribution was not shown in the skeletal muscle irrespective of dietary conditions.
4. The specific activity in the liver protein of both the methionine- and the protein-deficient rats increased about twice as that in the normal rats. This increase might, primarily, have been due to some differences in the extent of dilution of 35S between two groups. However, it would be conceivable that these deficiencies might also have brought about some increment in amino acid-incorporation into protein molecule.
The relationship of these results to the knowledges so far reported by some authors is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Purification and Some PropertiesShigetaka ISHI-I, Hiroshi SUGIMOTO, Tamotsu YOKOTSUKA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 340-347
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA ribonuclease was purified from mung bean sprout to a level of approximately 1, 000-fold by combination of heat treatment, fractionations with ammonium sulfate and with acetone and a column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. pH optimum of the enzyme seemed to be at pH 5.5, on the other hand, the temperature optimum was found in a considerably high range; 75_??_80°C. And in these conditions, the enzymatic hydrolysis of RNA was mostly effective. The enzyme was not activated by any kinds of metal ions and remarkably inhibited by a few chelating agents such as o-phenanthroline or EDTA. The enzyme did not show any activities on DNA andbis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate at all. It was able to hydrolyze RNA into 5'-nucleotides, however, the molar ratio among the products was not theoretical. The maximum yield was observed in AMP, followed by GMP and UMP. Compared with above three, the yield of CMP was exceptionally low. Even within a shorter incubation period, RNA was hydrolyzed completely into an acid-soluble state, however, in this case, merely a small quantities of mononucleotides could be detected in the hydrolyzates. Therefore, this enzyme was assumed to be a kind of endonuclease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1324K) -
The Effect of Zinc IonShigetaka ISHI-I, Hiroshi SUGIMOTO, Tamotsu YOKOTSUKA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 348-353
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the continuation of last paper, this report deals with the characteristics of a ribonuclease which was purified from mung bean sprouts. In particular. in this paper, the effects of zinc ion on the enzyme were investigated and discussed. It was found that the enzyme was irreversibly inactivated when dialyzed against o-phenanthroline. But the_??_inactivation during acid dialysis could be largely prevented by the addition of zinc ion. Zinc ion was also effective for the enlargement of both thermo- and pH stability of the enzyme. The enzyme was acid-labile by itself, however, by addition of zinc ion, it became to be remarkably stable and, consequently, the optimum pH for the stability shifted from alkaline side (pH 8.0) to acid one (pH 5_??_6).
These effects described above were not recognized on other metal ions than zinc one. And, zinc ions were also ineffective for both phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase from the same material.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Preparation of Extracts and Their Organic Acids CompositionAkio NOBUHARA1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages 354-357
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe soup of chicken bones is known as a good base in case of cooking. The object of this work has been to obtain information about principal taste components of chicken bones. The aqueous extracts were deproteinized by treatment with 80% per cent ethanol, and then the extracts were largely separated into five fractions by procedures of various ion-exchange resins. Those two fractions adsorbed on Amberlite IR-4 B and IRA-400 were analyzed for organic acids using silica-column chromatography. Pyruvic, fumaric, succinic, lactic, malic and citric acids were identified. Three minor components detected were not identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
1967 Volume 41 Issue 7 Pages e2
Published: 1967
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (101K)
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