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Volume 52, Issue 12
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Atsushi SHIRAISHI, Hisao FUJII1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 553-559
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA bacterium which decomposed the cell wall of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus was isolated from soil and named No. 98 strain. Crude lytic enzyme which was induced by NaOH-treated Sporobolomyces cells was precipitated between 0.3 and 0.5 saturation of ammonium sulfate from the culture filtrate of this strain.
Susceptibility of various yeasts to this lytic enzyme was examined and compared with that of Sp. ruberrimus. The results were as follows.
1. Cell walls of Sporobolomyces and Sporidiobolus in the Sporobolomycetaceae were lysed remarkably well but those of Bullera and Tilletiopsis were scarcely lysed.
2. Ascomycetous yeast cells were not decomposed.
3. Asporogenous yeasts, i. e. Candida, Cryptococcus and Torulopsis were not lysed but red yeast, Rhodotorula, was lysed as rapidly as Sporobolomyces.
4. The cells of Rhodosporidium belonging to Ustilaginales were decomposed very well.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Jun-ichi IWAMURA, Kyosuke KOMAKI, Koichiro KOMAI, Nenokichi HIRAO1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 561-565
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential oils from roots of Shitito (Cyperus monophyllus Vahl) have been studies.
The essential oils were separated into individual compounds by means of combination of elution chromatography and preparative gas chromatography (GC).
The main components, trans-pinocarveol, trans-carveol, pinocaroone, myrtenol, myrtenal, verbenone, β-selinene, δ-cadinene, juniper camphor, trans, trans-farnesol, methyl trans-2, trans-6-farnesate, α-cyperone, trans-2, trans-6-farnesyl acetate; and the minor ones, α-pinene, camphene, limonene, p-cymene, linalool, cyperene, β-caryophyllene, α-cadinol were identified respectively in terms of tR in GC, MS and IR spectra.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Masahito TAYA, Yasuhiro ITO, Kunio OHMIYA, Takeshi KOBAYASHI, Shoichi ...1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 567-574
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultivation conditions of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria of rumen and compost-heap were investigated with a view to utilizing cellulosic materials.
Of the rumen bacteria investigated, Ruminococcus albus was the most excellent in cellulose digestibility and productivity. This anaerobe digested 10g cellulose/l within 48 hr and produced 1.4g dry cells/l, 2.8g acetic acid/l and 2.6g ethanol/l.
On the other hand, the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium which was isolated from compost-heap was a thermophilic (optimum temperature, 60°C), gram-negative, terminally sporing, motile rod (0.3 by 4μm). It required sodium carbonate and the growth was stimulated with rumen fluid. In addition to cellulose, it utilized D-glucose, D-xylose and cellobiose. Characteristics of this anaerobe were quite similar to those of Clostridium thermocellum. Rate of cellulose digestion by this anaerobe was very high.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
Akinori NOGUCHI, Keiji UMEDA1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 575-580
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHypertonic condition with sucrose at above 0.2_??_0.3M concentration induced the plasmolysis to T. thiooxidans and was accompanied by lowering the activity of respiration. This phenomenon was found to be changeable with pH. At pH 4.0 and above 0.6M sucrose, the activity was lost and recovered at pH 7.0 and above 0.5M sucrose. This suggests that the bacterium has the optimum pH for activity which shifts to more neutrality from acidic side, as the sucrose concentration increases. Colloidal titration was applied to this bacterium in order to estimate the relationship between the variation of respiratory activity and surface charge. This method revealed that T. thiooxidans had little surface charge and that hypertonic condition exerted little influence on the whole surface charge. The reactivity of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNB) with phospholipid of this bacterium was reduced with increase of the sucrose concentration.
According to these results, authors discussed the change of pH dependency of respiratory activity with osmotic pressure by reference to E. coli plasmolysis and estimated the relationship between the plasmolysis and the reactivity of phospholipid to TNB.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Toyohiko NAKAMURA, Seiichi MARUKI, Seiichiro NAKATSU, Seinosuke UEDA1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 581-587
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGeneral properties and the mode of action were investigated using the purified extracellular inulase (P-II) preparation from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger-12. Optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme reaction were 5.0 and 55°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 4 to 7 (30°C, 24 hr) and completely inactivated when heated for 30min at 80°C (pH 5.0). The enzyme was activated by divalent metal ions such as Mn2+, whereas markedly inactivated by Hg2+, Ag+, and PCMB. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of inulin, sucrose and raffinose by splitting off terminal fructosyl units, but not bacteria levan and melezitose. The enzyme seemed to act on inulin, liberating fructose from fructose end of inulin and producing one molecule of glucose finally. Therefore, this enzyme was considered to be an exo-inulase. The Km value for inulin was 1.87×10-3M.View full abstractDownload PDF (1680K) -
Akira OHTAKARA, Kim-Ngan TRANTHI1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 589-597
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSβ-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (β-GlcNAcase) was found in the germinated seeds of mung bean, Phaseolus aureus, accompanying with α-mannosidase and α- and β-galactosidases. β-GlcNAcase was active in cotyledon at the initial stage of germination and subsequently in hypocotyl and plumule.
The purification of β-GlcNAcase was carried out using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and the two enzymes, F1 and F2, were obtained. F1 was purified 650-fold and nearly free from other contaminating glycosidases. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 90, 000 by gel filtration and the Ip value was approximately 4.7.
Either F1 or F2 hydrolysed p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylgalactosaminide (β-pNPGalNAc) as well as p-nitrophenyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide β-pNPG1cNAc) and the ratio of both activties was constant throughout the course of purification. F1and F2 showed similar enzymatic properties on the hydrolysis of β-pNPG1cNAc and β-pNPGa1NAc. The optimum pH of the enzymes was about 4.6_??_5.2 and the enzymes were stable in the range of pH 5_??_8, but they were unstable at 60°C or more. The Km values of F1 for β-pNPGlcNAc and β-pNPGalNAc were 0.64mM and 0.55mM, and those of F2 were 0.71mM and 0.54mM, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Ryuzo NISHIYAMA, Michio KOZAKI1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 599-605
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth inhibition of Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 (Leuc. P-60) by tannic acid and polyphenols of green tea was recovered by addition of protein in the culture medium.
Damage and recovery of cell wall were observed under the electron microscope. To clarify the mechanism of interaction between protein and polyphenols, proteins denatured by urea or by chemical modification were added to a culture medium containing polyphenols in the threshold amount of growth inhibition. Addition of proteins denatured by urea, modified by carboxymethylation of methionine or histidine residues or modified by di-isopropylfluorophosphoric acid at serine residues recovered the growth inhibition just like the addition of original protein.
With the addition of protein modified by carboxymethylation at ε-amino group of lysine residue, or destruction of N-terminal amino acid and ε-amino group of lysine residue by nitrite, the growth inhibition was not recovered. The growth inhibition of Leuc. P-60 was recovered by the addition of ovalbumin having acetylated N-terminal amino acid residue in a medium contained the threshold ammount of polyphenol.
Results showed that combination of polyphenols and proteins assumed to occure at ε-amino group of lysine residue of proteins.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Chi-Pao WANG, Hiromu KAMEOKA1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 607-610
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential oil was obtained in 0.049% yield by steam distillation from the fresh flowers of Yucca filamentosa L., which were collected at Osaka-shi in June 1977. The essential oil was investigated by gas chromatography, instrumental analysis and each component was identified by comparison with authentic samples.
As the result, it was found that the major components of the oil were heptadecane and nonadecane, whereas, in the case of Y. gloriosa L., the major components were cis-9-nonadecene and cis-8-heptadecene. The other differences between the both plants oil were not so great, but n-heptanol, furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, β-phenylethyl alcohol and nerolidol were newly identified as the minor components of Y. filamentosa L..View full abstractDownload PDF (229K) -
N. Y.1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages N179
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (95K) -
N. Y.1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages N179a-N180
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (179K) -
Gakuzo TAMURA1978 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages R179-R190
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2934K)
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