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Volume 27, Issue 12
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Part 1. On an Enol Compound and Brown Oil obtained from Cow's UrineRikisaku SUEMITSU, Makoto HIURA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 825-827
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A crystal was extracted from cow's urine, which formula was to be C10H10O2 having an enol group in it from an experiment with active carbon used as the adsorbent. This substa-nce was obtained from the urine excreted by cows fed on green grass from spring to autumn, but not from the urine excreted by cows fed on ensilage during winter.
2. A kind of oil was also extracted ffom cow's urine at the same time. This oil was apparently the cause of the peculiar odour of cow's urine, and p-cresol and phenol are identified as chief components.
3. By the acetylation, and methylation of the substance mono-acetyl and mono-methyl derivatives were obtained. It was found that one oxygen atom of two in the the substance took part in forming an enol group.
4. A spectrum curve of the substance wds obatined by Beckmann's spectrophotometer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1029K) -
Part 2. A New Crystalline Glucofructan (1)Takashi MIZUNO, Kaneo HAYASHI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 828-832
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA crystalline glucofructan is isolated from cool water or hot 80% alcohol extract of the bulb. of Lyccris radiata HERBERT, and its physical and chemical properties are studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1009K) -
Part 4. On the Fixation of Carbon Dioxide in Bact. succinicumHajime TAKAHASHI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 832-837
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Oxalacetate was easily decarboxylated by the intact and dried cell preparation of Bact. succinicum (Fig. 1). Decarboxylation was strongly inhibited by M/700_??_M/950 α, α'-dipyridyl
2. When citrate was decomposed anaerobically in the presence of C14O2, radioactivity was exclusively found in carboxyl carbon of succinate, but not that of acetate (Tables 2 and 3). Residual citrate was aldo slightly labeled (Fig. 2).
3. When citrate was decomposed anaerobically in the presence of carboxyl-labeled succinate, isotopic carbon dioxide was formed, showing the existence of some metabolic exchange between carboxyl carbon of succinate and external carbon dioxide. While the rate f this exchange was rather slight compared with that of the incorporation of C14O2 into ccinate (Tables 4 and 5).
4. From the facts above summarized, the author concluded that the mechanism of anarobic citrate decomposition involves the direct splitting reaction of citrate into oxalacetate and acetate, and the former is reduced to succinate coupled with th oxidation of citrate to succinate via tricarboxylic acid cycle. WOOD-WERKMAN's scheme is responsible for the incorporation of carbon dioxide into succinate.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
Tomokichi TSUGO, Tsuneaki IMAMURA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 838-842
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of volatile fatty acids in whole milk curd, skim milk curd, goat's milk curd and cream inoculated with P. roqueforti and/or Str. lactis were experimented. Quantitative deter-mination of volatile fatty acids was done by modified DUCLAUX's method. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) The total amount of volatile fatty acids in incubated whole milk curd was lower than that of commercial Roquefort cheese.
(2) By addition of mercerated bread which was previously incubated with P. roqueforti before hooping, volatile fatty acids were produced more than usual inoculation.
(3) Volatile fatty acids were produced more in goat's milk curd than in cow's milk curd.
(4) By Sir. lactis, production of volatile fatty acids was slight and caproic, caprylic and capric acids were not produced.
(5) Lower volatile fatty acids were produced from lactose in skim milk curd and the amount of fatty acids decreased after lactose were by P. roqueforti.
(6) Higher volatile fatty acid, as well as lower acids, were produced from cream, but total amount of volatile fatty acids was lower than that of skim milk curd at the beginning of incubation period.
(7) Most of the volatile fatty acids were in the form of salt and those in ester form were acetic and butyric.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Part 2. Pyruvate Oxidation by the Mitochondrial FractionSaburo FUNAHASHI, Takashi AKASAWA, Ikuzo URITANI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 842-848
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Pyruvate oxidation by mitochondria) fraction of soybean seedlings, including hypocotyl and cotyledon, was investigated in the light of recent pictures on the role of acyl-transferring coenzyme A.
(2) The maximum oxygen uptake was observed on -pyruvate oxidation, when -malate, as sparker, and DPN and Mg++, as cofactors, were supplemented to the enzyme-substrate mixture.
(3) Pyruvate oxidation with this system was not accelerated by exogenous supply of CoA but was inhibited noticeably in the presence of various inhibitors, especially of rsenite or monoiodoacetate, inhibitory to -SH group; thus the oxidation was assumed to be CoA-depen-dent.
(4) The assumption may well be substantiated by evidence for the presence of CoA in the mitochondrial fraction, and this was actually the case; the cell fraction assayed 2.2 units/g of CoA.
(5) Citrate, identified by paper chromatography and quantitative analysis, was shown to be formed from pyruvate plus malate or plus oxalacetate by enzymic oxidation with the mitochondrial fraction of the seedlings; thus a probable location of condensing enzyme to the cell fraction is suggested.
(6) The significance of these observations was discussed with respect to the mechanism of pyruvate oxidation along the pathway of TCA cycle.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Part 3. Coupling of Transamination with Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Soybean seedingsTakashi AKASAWA, Saburo FUNAHASHI, Ikuzo URITANI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 849-853
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Cytoplasmic particles isolated from soybean seedlings were previously shown to be active as an enzyme system in catalyzing oxidation of acids in TCA cycle. In this paper we present some indication that respiratory oxidation of an acid of TCA cycle members by the cell fraction in the presence of an alternative amino acid-alanine, aspartate or_??_g_??_utamate - are followed by the formation of remaining amino acids, when supplemented with coenzyme concentrates. Therefore, it seems that the particles are active in catalyzing action for the transami-nation which is coupled with TCA cycle.
Inhibitions of carboxylic acids oxidations caused depression of the transamination whereas additions of pyruvate to this inhibited reaction mixtures resulted the alanine formation.
(2) The location of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the cytoplasmic particles is apparent from the occurence of γ-aminobutyric acid in each of the “glutamate” vessels.
(3) Oxidation of citrate by the particles in the presence of NH4C1 was followed by forma-tion not only of glutamate but also of aspartate and alanine. This fact is interpreted as that the former is originated from α-ketoglutarate by reductive amination, the latters from the glutamate by transamination.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Masayuki MIKATA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 853-855
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany investigations of the effect of vitamin B12 on the growth of chick have alredy appeared in literature, but no report was published in concerning with the fate of vitamin B12 during.incubation of egg in poultry. Recently, the author attempted to study the r6le of this vitamin on the nuclear metabolism in the embryo. Results are as follows:
(1) The Euglena assay indicated that a part of vitamin B12 may be conjugated with protein in egg-egg-white, egg-yolk and embryo.
(2) Almost no variation of total amount of vitamin B12 in eggs during incubation was observed (Tables 2 and 4).
(3) At the end of the of the experiment during incubation, large amount of vitamin B12 in eggs seems to be tranferred to embryo (Tables 4 and 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
Part 11. On the Enzymic Retting of Barks of Ganpi Tree by Cl. felsineum var. sikokianumAkira KAJI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 855-859
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have studied on the enzymic retting of barks 0f Ganpi tree (Wikstroemia sikokiana FR. et SAV.). Crude enzyme was prepared from the fermentation medium of Clost. felsineum var. sikokianum. When the enzyme acted on the barks, the fibre of barks separated, and then, being beaten, it became suitable for paper making after beating. The optimum pH of this enzymatic action was found to be 6.0, optinum temperature was 40°, and the enzyme was inactivated at 60° when its solution was kept at this temperature for 20 minutes. The enzyme was most stable at pH 6.0 to 7.0. It was found that nickel ions accelerated the action of polygalacturonase of the same bacteria but they inhibited enzymic retting.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Part 3. On the Anaerobic Metabolism of Phosphoglycerate and Oxalacetate as a Possible Intermediate in the Anaerobic Decomposition of Tartarate by Pseudomonas incognita Strain 3 LMasayasu NOMURA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 860-866
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. From the results obtained in the previous C14O2 fixation experiment two schemes(Scheme 1 and 2) were proposed to explain C14 incorporations into the various substances. Following experimental results in this report exclude the possibility of Scheme 1 as the main path of the anaerobic decomposition of tartarate by this organism.
(1) D-(-)-Phosphoglycerate was decomposed anaerobically and about 1 mole of CO2 was evolved per mole of phosphoglycerate consumed (Table 2), while 1/3-mole of CO2 should be, expected if this compound were metabolized according to Scheme 1 (See eq. (13) in Table 7). So CO2 fixation reaction according to Scheme 1, that is eq. (13), did not occur, under these conditions. From the thermodynamic point, of view the CO2 fixation reaction according to Scheme 1 may be performed more easily when phosphoglycerate rather than tartarate is the -substrate (Table 7). Therefore this experimental' result makes Scheme 1 unlikely.
(2) Similarly succinate formation by the CO2 fixation reaction was not observed in the anaerobic decomposition of pyruvate (Table 6).
(3) NaF, in the final concentration of M/600, completely inhibited the decomposition of phosphoglycerate, whereas the decomposition of tartarate was not inhibited in the same concentration and no phosphoglycerate was accumulated even when the tartarate decomposition was partially inhibited by the higher concentration of NaF (Table 3). Therefore phosphogly-cerate was excluded as the intermediate.
(4) Anaerobically DL-glycerate was not metabolized by this organism and not likely to be the intermediate (Table 1).
2. Both oxalacetate decarboxylation and tartarate decomposition were inhibited by dipyridyl (M/340) and malonate (M/40) almost to the same degree (40 to 60%) (Table 4). These results support strongly the possibility of occurence of Scheme 2.
3. Anaerobic decomposition of malic acid was studied quantitatively and was found to be metabolized according to equation (9) as expected from Scheme 2.
4. From these results it is very possible that the anaerobic decomposition of tartarate is performed according to Scheme 2 by this organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
Part 2. Influence of the Constituents in the Synthetic Media upon the Biosynthesis of RiboflavinYataro OBATA, Mikio TOMOYEDA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 867-869
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper we have shown that riboflavin is produced in the sucrose-soybean flake medium by Clostridium acetobutylicum 243, but it is not synthesized in the synthetic medium (sucrose, asparagine, SPEAKMAN's salts and the growth factor). In the synthetic medium, therefore, it is probable that an inhibitor for the microbiological synthesis of riboflavin may be contained.
Then the constituents in the medium were separately added f to the sucrose-soybean flake medium, and by the result of the the fermentation of each medium it was confirmed that the biosynthesis of riboflavin was inhibited by ferrous sulfate in SPEAKMAN's salts.
Even in the synthetic medium without ferrous sulfate, riboflavin was not produced, hence this medium may be laking in a precursor of riboflavin.View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
Part 3. Precursor of Riboflavin including in Soy Bean FlakeMikio TOMOYEDA, Yataro OBATA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 869-872
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs described in the previous paper, riboflavin is produced by Clostridium acetobutyliium 243 in sucrose-soybean flake medium, but it is not synthesized in the synthetic medium (sucrose, asparagine, growth factor and SPEAKMAN's salts without FeSO4). We studied in this paper on the precursor of riboflavin contained in the soybean flake. The results are as follows:
1) The precursor in the soybean flake was insoluble in methanol, When the methanol insoluble part was extracted by hot water, the precursor was contained in both the extract and the residue. So it might probably be amino acid, or protein in the soybean flake, because: the material is rich in protein and the bacteria has strong activity of protease.
2) The residue of methanol extraction was hydrolyzed with H2SO4 and the hydrolyzate contained the precursor of riboflavin. Then the aminoacids in the hydrolyzate were separated with the ion-exchange resins to the acidic, basic and neutral. By the results of the fermentation tests, riboflavin was only produced in the combined presence of acidic and basic amino acid groups, therefore, it is confirmed that the precursor is containde in both of these groups of the hydrolyzate.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Part 16. On the Weathering of Andesite (3)Mitsuru HARADA1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 873-877
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The author has studied on the weathering of biotite hornblende andesite found at Oh-ata-mura, Saihaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture. The fresh. rock, weathered rock, and light brown soil (B2 horizon) were used as material for the investigation. (Annual mean temperature…… 13.6°, annual rainfall…… 2200mm).
(2) With the progress of the weathering, NIGGLI's values si, c, alk, and si/al decreased, . while al and h increased, k, m/c, f, and m slightly increased. In the weathering of this rock, the hornblende was not decomposed, however the plagioclase and the ground mass were decom-posed more rapidly than those in the pyroxene andesite previously reported. Al, Ca, and Mg in the rock partly remained in the undecomposed hornblende.
(3) The light brown soil contained a small amount of free alumina (about 1%). In the weathered rock and soil, a large portion of the iron soluble in HCl was existent in the form of free iron oxide consisting of both limonitic (L) and hematitic oxide (H), and the ratio, of H/(H+L) increased in upper horizons.
(4) The formation of weathering complex A1 and A2 from this rock began at an earlier stage of the weathering process. The complex A1 was allophane-like substance, and the complex A2 halloysitic, The kaolinite formation took place at a later stage of the weathering. The soil from this rock was rich in allitic allophane-like substance. On the contrary, the soils from the other igneous rocks in the same district were poor in allophane-like substance, and were siallitic. These facts show that the soil formation from the biotite hornblende andesite studied was highly influenced by the intrinsic factor. This character is important for classifying this soil.
(5) In the light brown soil, the amount of exchangeable bases was very small, and the hydrolytic acidity was very high, though the exchange acidity was not so high, and the hydrolytic acidity was 32.4 times as great as the exchange acidity.
(6) The clay separated from this andesite soil contained both allophane-like substance and halloysite.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Part 7. The Synthese of Some ω, ω'-Bis- (3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) Alkanes. (2)Saburo TAMURA, Kazuhiko OKUMA, Kohei MIYAO, Osamu HARAMAKI1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 877-881
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, several ω, ω'-(3, 4-dihyhroxyphenyl) alkanes were synthesized to find the relation between the chemical structure and antioxidant property as well as in the previous pape(1).
4-Iodoveratrol (I) was prepared by the treatment of veratrol with iodine and mercuric oxide. Heating of (I) with Cu powder in C02 gave 3, 4, 3', 4'-tetramethoxybiphenyl (II), which was demethylated with HI to yield 3, 4, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxydbiphenyl (III), mp. 225_??_227°.
Veratroyl chloride was condensed with veratrol in the presence of A1C13 to give veratroylveratrol (IV), which was reduced with Na-alcoholate to 3, 4, 3', 4'-tetramethoxybiphenylmethane (V), mp. 70°. Demethylation of (V) with HI gave 3, 4, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxybiphenylmethane (VI), mp. 145°. It-had been reported by CARO(4) that 3, 4, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxybiphenylmethane, mp. 220 (decompn.) was obtained when a solution of 5 parts of catechol in 50 parts of H2O was boiled with 40% HCHO solution and a few drops of HC1 or H2S04. This experiment was repeated by the authors in various conditions, but such a compound was never obtained. Therefore, it should be conclued that CARD's report concerned with (VI) is errornous.
Diveratralacetone (VI) prepared from veratric aldehyde and acetone in NaOH solution was reduced by the catalytic hydrogenation and CLEMMENSEN reduction successively, and demethyl-ation of the resulting product with HI gave 1, 5-bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) pentane(X), mp. 128_??_129°.
1, 8-Diveratroyloctane (XI), mp. 106_??_107°, the intermediate for the. preparation of 1, 10-bis-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) decane was obtained by the treatment of sebacyl chloride with veratrol in the presence of AlC13, instead of the condensation of . sebacic polyanhydride with veratrol(1).
The authors wish to express their appreciation to Professor Dr. Y SUMIKI for his guidance and advice.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Part 1. Chemical Composition of Sake Brewing WaterShigezo KANOH1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 881-887
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifty-four samples of Sake brewing water, which were gathered from brewers located in nearly all the districts of Japan, were compared with their chemical compositions. They can be devided into five groups as follows; the first group is characterized by the rich contents of phosphates, the second group shows generally higher quantities of all components except phosphates compared with the other groups, the compositions of water of the third group are very similar to those of the first except the very low contents of phosphates, the fourth group consists of those which are lower in the salts contents than those of the third except sodium, and then the fifth group involves the water which has the lowest content of salts. All of the first group belong without exception to the water called “Miyamizu” which is famous for being used for the brewing of “Sake of Nada” The third group includes samples from Fushimi and Hiroshima areas which are also well known for the production of good Sake.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
M. SATO, T. OUCHI, K. HASHIMOTO1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 887-890
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaking Japanese bread yeast preparation made by the Oriental Yeast Co. Ltd. as a sample and ethyl acetate, chloroform and sodium chloride as autolysers, the liberation of proteolytic enzymes during the course of autolysis of yeast was studied by the WILLSTÄTTER's alcoholic titration method. It was shown that the liberation-velocity-curves of gelatine-polypeptone-and glycyl-l-leucine-splitting enzymes were varied. according to the kinds of autolyser. These relations were given in Tables 1_??_3.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Shigetoshi WAKAKI, Tsutomu ASAHINA, Yoziro TOHMON1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 890-896
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this experiment, it is found that thhe addition of some compounds together with penicillin-G precursors into penicillin culture broth can increase or accelerate penicillin production, when compared with the single addition of penicillin G precursors.
In these cases if the type of penicillin produced is chiefly penicillin G which is supposed to have been derived from penicillin G precursors, such compounds should be appreciated to improve the efficiency of penicillin G precursors.
The authors have named such compounds “penicillin coprecursors” In this report, it is indicated that, among the adjuvants listed below, cystine has strong and cystein has weak coprecursor activity, but the other compounds no coprecursor activity.
_??_View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Shigetoshi WAKAKI, Tsutomu ASAHINA, Yoziro TOHMON1953 Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages 896-898
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous experiment, we knew that the addition of cystine or cysteic acid together with penicillin-G precursors into penicillin culture broth, could increase or accelerate penicillin production and sometimes enhanced penicillin-G content of the broth, when compared with the single addition of penicillin-G precursors. The authors have named such compounds “penicillin coprecursors”. In this report it is ascertained that the coprecursor activity
_??_View full abstractDownload PDF (243K)
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