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Volume 44, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Metabolism and Transference of Choline in Soybean-seedling during GerminationIsao TOYOSAWA, Katsuhiko YAMAMOTO1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 237-244
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetabolism of choline in soybean-seedlings germinated in the dark was studied by using 1, 2-14C-choline. After injection of 1, 2-14C-choline into cotyledons during germination, 14C-radioactivity of several metabolites in each organ of the seedling was determined. The result suggests that a metabolic pathway of choline in the cotyledons is as follows, choline → phosphorylcholine → phosphatidylcholine → glycerophosphorylcholine. In the presence of ATP, the phosphorylation of choline by a 15, 000×g supernatant obtained from cotyledons was studied, and the formation of phosphorylcholine was found to be catalyzed by choline kinase. It seems that a half of the phosphorylcholine formed in cotyledons is transferred to tissues other than cotyledons, and then is used as an intermediate in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Although several investigators reported that choline was easily oxidized to betaine in higher plants, the latter was always a minor component in soybean-seedling during germination. Metabolism of glycerophosphorylcholine in young leaves was also studied, and possible pathway was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Tsuyoshi SHIIO, Zyuukurou KAWAOKA, Takuji TSUCHIYA1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 245-251
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the protection from contamination by using antibiotics and the rapid detection of contamination were discussed.
In the case of antibiotic-sensitive strain, the resistance to antibiotics increased gradually with the growth of the bacteria. This increase of the antibiotic resistance seems to be due to the growth phase of the bacteria. The growth of contaminated bacteria can be repressed by using the unequal sensitivity to antibiotics by the growth difference between the fermentation bacteria and contaminated bacteria. Glutamic acid fermentations by antibiotic resistant strains were also examined.
In the detection of the contaminated bacteria, negative characters of the fermentation bacteria to the phenomena such as spore formation, utilization of carbohydrate sources, and the growth in the medium containing antibiotic or bacteriophage of fermentation bacteria were used to distinguish between the contaminated bacteria and the fermentation bacteria. The shaking culture using the liquid media, in which the growth of the fermentation bacteria was especially inhibited, was adapted as a rapid detection method.
Consequently, it seems that it is capable of avoiding the contamination by the addition of suitable antibiotics only when the contamination occured.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Orange colored Cocci and Their Characteristics (2)Akira OI, Shigeru MORI, Kakuo KITAHARA1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 252-256
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe following conclusions had been obtained in the previous report. The orange colored rumen cocci were considered to be similar to Streptococcus bovis Orla-Jensen, but they were strict anaerobes. As an orange colored pigment was developed in the nutritionally poor medium and lactic acid recovery for consumed sugars was lower than the theoretical value of home lactic fermentation, they could not be determined as true lactic Streptococci.
In the present report, the nutritional requirements of orange colored Streptococcus strain No. 148 were studied. This strain grew well on synthetic medium containing urea, ammonia or nitrate as sole source of nitrogen. Vitamins were not required, but its growth was stimulated by biotin. The orange colored pigment was developed by addition of cysteine, biotin and inorganic nitrogenous nutrient to the medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Polyisoprenols of Potato LeavesMasashi TOYODA, Masako ASAHINA, Hideaki FUKAWA, Toru SHIMIZU1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 257-261
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isolation and properties of a new acyclic C25 prenol of potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves is described. The C25 prenol is identified as a partially saturated prenol with a phytyl group to which a cis ‘OH-terminal’ isoprene residue is attached.
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Solanesol was also found in the leaves of potato.
On the way of these studies, we discovered that the α-methylenic protons of the ‘OH-terminal’ isoprene residue would give peaks at τ 5.97_??_5.98 (cis) and at τ 5.94 (trans). These assignments were confirmed by the NMR spectra of the four natural prenols and the four synthetic cis-trans isomers of the C25 prenol.View full abstractDownload PDF (171K) -
Akira MURATA, Eiichi SOEDA, Rinjiro SARUNO1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 262-269
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethods for the estimation of intracellular phage growth in Lactobacillus casei S 1 (formerly L. acidophilus S 1) infected with phage J 1 were investigated.
Ultrasonic treatment, cyanide, chloramphenicol or chloroform methods were unsuitable. While, streptomycin method was successfully adapted to this system by the following conditions: 3000μg/ml of streptomycin at final concentration, incubation for ca. 30min, and using a streptomycin-resistant strain as a indicator.
On J1-infected cells it was found that the minimal latent period was 88min with a rise period extending over 30min, the average burst size was about 300, the eclipse period was 44min. and the number of matured phage increased rapidly during the second half of the latent period, reaching an maximum at the time of the begining of the lysis.
It was also found that in the isolated strains resistant to streptomycin there were strains resistant to phage J 1 simultaneously.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Formation of Polysaccharide by Resting CellsEizi NINOMIYA, Tadashige KIZAKI1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 270-274
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormation of the acidic heteropolysaccharide was studied by using the resting cells of Bacillus polymyxa No. 271. Manganese ions were required for the synthesis of the polysaccharide, and the cells recovered from a manganese-deficient culture fluid were not able to produce the polysaccharide even at the presence of manganese ions in the incubation mixture. Additives such as sodium cyanide, monoiodoacetic acid, sodium azide and 2, 4-dinitrophenol inhibited strongly the synthesis of polysaccharide in concentrations from 10-2 to 10-3 mole, and sodium fluoride affected somewhat more weakly than the aboves. Oligosaccharides which were detected along with the polysaccharide in the reaction mixture were identified as D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose, isomaltose and α-isomaltosyl-D-mannose, and the remaining one is unidentified. These oligomers were produced by cells grown in a culture fluid, regardless of the existence of manganese ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
Masao FUJIMAKI, Nguyen van CHUYEN, Teruyo MATSUMOTO, Tadao KURATA1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 275-282
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solutions of 5'-ribonucleotides (inosine or guanosine 5'-monophosphate) or/and D-glucose (Glc) were heated at 90_??_120°C for various reaction times, and the measurements of browning and pH values and analyses of the degradation products from nucleotides or Glc were carried out. Browning reaction of aldoses with phosphate was also examined.
1. It is concluded that phosphate plays an important role in the browning reaction of aldoses with nucleotides, and that the phosphate ester at the primary alcohol of ribose residue, as well as the inorganic orthophosphate which is liberated due to the hydrolysis of the ester is causative of development of the browning.
2. At higher temperature (120°C), the presence of Glc accelerates the degradation of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), and the fact may be attributed to interactions of nucleotides with some reactive compounds such as osones and others which are possibly formed through 1, 2- or/and 2, 3-enolization of aldoses and further degradation, condensation and polymerization.
3. Although IMP is more stable than guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), IMP-Glc solution produced more 3-deoxy-D-glucosone and developed more intense brown color than GMP-Glc solution did, and these differences may be attributed to the amino group on the purine ring in GMP.
4. Though there are some differences in the browning reaction of phosphate- and nucleotide-aldose system, for instance, the dependence of browning on the concentration of IMP or phosphate, browning of both systems are thought to be, as a whole, of similar type considering the similarity in the degradation products of aldose in both browning systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
Accumulation of Pyruvic Acid (2)Mutsuo SHIMAMURA, Juichi YOSHITAKE1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 283-286
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported in the preceding paper that Corynebacterium sp. No. 208 required thiamine for growth and accumulated a large amount of pyruvate in the extracellular fluid when it was cultivated in the thiamine-deficient medium. The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of thiamine on pyruvate accumulation with the suspensions of resting cells grown in the thiamine-deficient and thiamine-sufficient media. The thiamine-deficient cells which were able to produce pyruvate from gluconate showed poor utilizing-ability for pyruvate added to the suspension as a substrate, and the ability was increased by the addition of thiamine. Pyruvate was also oxidized at a decreased rate by the suspension of thiamine-deficient cells. Moreover, the thiamine-deficient cells demonstrated poor oxidative ability for acetate, lactate, malate, fumarate and α-ketoglutarate. Resting cells grown in the thiamine-deficient medium supplemented with iron utilized and oxidized pyruvate and other organic acids described above at a increased rate. The addition of arsenite gave a increase in the accumulation of pyruvate.
It is possible to conclude from the present results that the accumulation of pyruvate by the thiamine-deficient cells is a consequence of the low level of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (199K) -
1970 Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages N63-N64
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (104K)
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