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Volume 28, Issue 12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Part 11. Genetic Studies of Heterocaryosis using Biochemical Mutants (Single-less Strains)Chiyoko ISHITANI, Kin'ichiro SAKAGUCHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 939-945
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Among 16 single-less strains of Asp. sojae tested (4 vitamin-requiring strains, 11 amino acid-requiring strains and 1 base-requring strain), Iysineless (4), histidineless (2), and leucineless (2) mutants strains (Table 1) were comparatively stable. In another strains, however, the reversemutation or segregational mutation were observed.
2. (i) Heterocaryosis has been studies with 8 amino acid deficient mutant strains. In all possible combinations of (lys-+leu-), (lys-+his-), and (his-+bleu-), except certain combinations (3FSR his-+14S leu-) and (3FSR his+17S leu), the prototrophic heterocaryons, able to grow on minimal media, were formed.
(ii) Genetic tests for allelism, between 2 strains with similar requirements, have also been carried out. Between 2 leucineless mutants and between 2 histidineless mutants seemed to be allelic, because no positive growth response differing from the controls were obtained, however, among 4 lysineless mutants, both allelic (6st lys-+1st lys-) and non-allelic (6st lys-, 2st lys-, 20S lys-) strains were found.
3. The higher ratios of prototrophic heterocaryon formation were obtained upon those media favoring anastomosis, i.e., lower concentrations of natural media such as. Koji-and Malt-extracts.
4. The segregation ratios of prototrophic heterocaryons were almost constant through 4 generations of pedigree cultures.
5. For the stability of heterocaryon, the lower concentrations of both natural and synthetic media, especially the latter, have been found to be favorable. being more favorable.
6. The phenotype of heterocaryons, as regards to sporulation, color of colony and growthrate etc., have exhibited colonies intermediate of both parents or similar to either parent. Effects resembling hetrocaryotic vigor were also recognized in certain morphological characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1433K) -
Studies on the Peppermint. Part 2Hiroo UEDA, Tetsuo MITSUI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 945-950
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt has been made to determine the infra-red absorption character of menthol-isomers.
Three isomers, i.e. d-isomenthol, d-isomenthol and d-neoisomenthol were synthesized in pure state from natural l-menthol, and their infra-red absorption spectrum were studies.
(1) l-Menthol was purified from commercial l-menthol by recrystallzation.
(2) d-Neomenthol was preparated by READ's method. (Table 1)
(3) d-Isomenthol was synthesized from l-menthone and d-isomenthone mixture inverted from l-menthone. (Table 2)
(4) d-Neoisomenthol was obtained from the mixture of four menthol-isomers by means of the difference of esterification velocity. (Table 3)
Their infra-red absorption spectra gave the singular absorption curves (Fig. 2.)
Following key bands were found applicable to analyse the isomers of menthol, 10.88 μ for l-menthol, 12.26μ and 14.70μ for d-isomenthol, 13.02μ for d--isomenthol, and 12.58μ and 14.45μ for d-neoisomenthol.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Part 15. The Product of the Oxidation of Glucose and Xylose by SugardehydraseH. KURASAWA, S. SAITO1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 951-954
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe product of the oxidation of glucose and xylose by sugradehydrase was examined. When glucose and xyolose were treated with sugardehydrase, reducing compounds were recreated from glucose and xylose. In the case of boiled sugardehydrase, a decrease of reducing power of glucose and xylose was found. In the case of gluconic acid by sugardehydrase, a reducing compound was recreated. The reducing compounds from glurose by sugardehydrase had RF=0.207, 0.285 by paper chromatography of sugar. The compound from glucose treated with boilde sugardehydrase had RF=0.285 by paper chromatography of sugar.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Part 1. On the Oxidation of Sugars by Methylene Blue in an Alkaline SolutionHumio KURASAWA, Ikuo IGAUE1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 954-958
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anaerobic oxidation products of glucose by methylene blue in an alkaline solution containing phosphate or bicarbonate were studied by THUNBERG methylene blue method. The sugars used were glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and galacturonic acid. To determine products in the first steps were studied the change of, reducing power, specific rotation, reduction-waves by polarograph and paper chromatogaph of sugar.
The change of fructose was most remarkable and it was oxidized about 23 per cent. The other sugars were relatively weak and were oxidized about 15 per cent. A small amount of glucose and mannose was transferred to fructose.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Part 4. Estimation of Tannin in Spyrogyra arctaToshio NAKABAYASHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 958-961
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tannin content of naturally living Spyrogyra arcta has been estimated. The method is as follows: Freshly prepared sample is extracted with 70% acetone by using the SOXHLET's apparat (Table 2). After the removing of acetone on boilling water bath, the residue is filled up to 100cc with water and tannin content is estimated by the method of the colloidal titration method. After 5cc of N/200 N=methyl polyglycol glucosamine and 5cc of 1N NH4OH are added to 10cc of tannin solution, this mixed solution is titrated with N/400 potassium polyvinyl alcohol sulfonate (Fig. 1, Table 1 and 3).
The relationship pf the tannin content of Spyrogyra arcta to several conditions is shown in Table 4 and Fig. 2. The tannin content is about 3.5_??_5%.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Part. 2Yataro OBATA, Yoshinori ISHIKAWA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 961-963
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibition of the potato phosphorylase in the presence of sugar beet juice was reported previously. In this paper, it is clearified that the inhibiting activity of the beet juice is rema rkable in Augst and diminisbes gradually. The activity is stable after boiling the juice for 5 minutes. Concentration and fractionation of the inhibiter is increased by means of alcohol precipitation. The inhibiting material is gained after perfect saturation with ammonium sulfate of the half saturated juice followed by dialization in distilled water through cellophane membrane in ice room.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
Part 1. Reaction of TBA with Horse Fat (A New Detective Method of Horse Meat)Masao FUJIMAKI, Satoshi ODAGIRI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 963-967
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) TBA (2-Thiobarbituric acid) test for the determination of the oxidation of milk fat was applied to horse fat. Then it was found that horse fat showed stronger color reaction than beef tallow or lard.
(2) TBA test was carried out on the fat extracted from horse meat which was mixed with beef to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, and steamed at 100° for 1 hour. Colors produced with TBA by horse fat were lineal against to horse fat %.
(3) Linolenic acid showed the highest value in TBA test among C18-fatty acids which seemed to concern with color development in horse meat.
(4) Absorption spectrum (400_??_600mμ) of horse fat was the same form as that of C18-uns-aturated fatty acid, and the maximum absorption was found at 535mμ.
(5) TBA and peroxide values of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid were detrmined daily duri ng autoxidation. TBA value increased with peroxide value in linolenic acid, but it remained about same in spite of the increase of peroxide value in oleic acid and linoleic acid.
(6) It was confirmed that compounds producing the color in TBA reaction with horse fat are linolenic acid and its oxidation products.
(7) This test seems to be applicable the detection of horse meat in beef products.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
Part. 2. Reaction of TBA with Oxidized Milk FatChoten INAGAKI, Keiko TARAO, Masao FUJIMAKI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 967-971
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) After a procedure for application of Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test to milk fat was examined (Fig. 1, 2 and 3), TBA values of several kinds of milk products were measured (Table 1).
(2) Sweetened milk products which showed high TBA value were found to have been influenced by added sucrose content (Table 2 and Fig. 4).
(3) The influences of the methods of storage of modified powdered milk enriched with vitamin A on oxidation of milk fat and retention of vitamin A were studied. It was found that aeration (oxygen) had more influence on oxidation of fat in powdered milk than temperature.
On the contrary, the former was less influence on retention of vitamin A than the latter (Fig. 5).View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Part 2. On Asp. usamii mut. shirousamiiHiroshi IIZUKA, Tatsuro YAMAGUCHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 972-976
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous paper* we had reported ultraviolet irradiation and its mutants of Aspergillus usamii SAKAGUCHI et al. (one of the black Aspergilli), in which we had found consecutively decoloring conidial heads type -Blackish Brown Type, Brown Type, Brown Type and Tan Type -comparing with original black type. The authors studied these mutants morphologically and physiologically and named Tan Type mutants Aspergilluus usamii mut. shirousamii, (prefix shiro means white). Description of this mutant was shown in the text (see page 972).
We obtained additionally by ultraviolet ray irradiation the Albino Type mutant of Asp. usamii mut. shirouomii.
When mutant strains, or mutant and parent strain of Asp. usamii are grown in juxtaposition, heterocaryotic conidial heads develop along the interface between the two colony areas. (Fig. 1). In the combination of Tan Type mutant and Brown Type mutant, black heterocaryotic heads de_??_elop.
On Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii we found:
(1) Amylolytic and acid-producing powers of the mutant was almost the same as those of parent strain as shown in the Tables.
(2) The mutant was found to be a powerful saccharifying agent for alcoholic fermentation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1218K) -
Part 9. Studies on the Iodometric Procedure among the Determination Methods of Glutathion. On the Behaviour of Ascorbic Acid Oxidase on Glutathione in FUJITA-NUMATA's MethodYoshiro KUROIWA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 976-979
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have examined the behaviour of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) on glutathione (GSH) in FUJITA and NUMATA's method. Its principle is to destroy ascorbic acid (AA) alone, when it is concurrently present with GSH, with AAO by O2-passing for 5min. at pH 6_??_7 and to determine the remained GSH. I have certified that every detrmination condition above indicated by FUJITA and NUMATA has caused the destructive effect on pure GSH solution (Tables 2, 3, 4), and when oxygen was passed throuht at the rate of 5_??_10cc per min. at 30°, at pH 6_??_7, the synthetic effect on GSH has reached about 2.2_??_4.1% destruction (Table 5).
On the other hand the destructive effect of AAO on GSH in solution simultaneously present with AA, has been greater than the effect on pure GSH sole solution. This is a very important fact, because it is distinctly different from FUJITA and NUMATA's idea, which constitutes the principle of their method (Table 6).
Moreover, Ihave found two materials which have anti-oxidase action. These have been persimon leave and mulberry leave.
This signifies the phenomena that the sufficient amount of AAO which can oxidize pure AA which is corresponding to AA content of the material, cannot oxidize AA present in material extract honestly (Table 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Part. 3. On A Glucoxylan (2)Takashi MIZUNO, Kaneo HAYASHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 980-984
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A kind of glucoxylan that consists of one part of glucose and thirty five to thirty six parts of xylan was isolated from the cold 5% NaOH extract of the pith of Kerria japonica DC.
2. From the hydrolysates of imperfect hydrolysis of this glucoxylan by 1% H2SO4, xylotriose, xylobiose and xylose were isolated in the crystal form.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
Part 1. Relation Between the Amounts of Dietary Protein and Xanthine Oxidase ActivityKeiichiro MURAMATSU, Toshiko YANO, Kiyoshi ASHIDA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 984-988
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelation between the amounts of dietary protein and enzyme activity was examined by using arbino rats. Casein fed as the source of proiein at levels of 0, 15, 30, 40, 60 and 80 per cent in the diet for eighteen days. Liver xanthine oxidase which is considered to be relate with the metabolism of nuclepprotein was chosen for the enzyme of this experiment.
The enzyme activity was measured by a modification of manometric method of AXELROD-ELVEHJEM and colorimetric `method of LITWACK et al. A corelation has been found between these methods.
The results showed that the enzyme respons was very sensitive to changes in the content of protein in diets and depleted to “zero” levels at the protein free ration (Table 2).
From the values of enzyme activity which was plotted aganist the level of dietary protein (casein) fed, we found that xanthine oxidase activity was increased according to the amount of protein, but no change took place in greater amount than about 30 per cent protein in diet (Fig. 2).
The authors suggested that feeding of dietary protein which maintained the stationary level of xanthine oxidase activity was required.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Part 1. Cultivation of Aspergillus versicolor, Isolation and Purification of Metabolic ProductsYuichi HATSUDA, Shimpei KUYAMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 989-992
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAspergillus versicolor was cultivated on 5% malt extract solution containing glucose and peptone for 20_??_25 days at 24°. Two new crystallized pigments were isolated from the mycelia, and they were named ‘sterigmatocystin’ and ‘versicolorin’
By extracting the mycelia by acetone and condensing the acetone, sterigmatocystin could be crystallized. And by purifying the residue by chromatography, versicolorin could be obtained. Sterigmatocystin was pale yellow needle, m.p. 244_??_5°; versicolorin was orange yellow needle, m.p. 282°. And large quantity of d-mannitol was obtained by extracting the mycelia by alcohol.View full abstractDownload PDF (1099K) -
Part 2. (i) The Physical and Chemical Properties and the Chemical Structure of SterigmatocystinYuichi HATSUDA, Shimpei KUYAMA, Noritsugu TERASHIMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 992-997
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
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Part 2. (ii) The Physical and Chemical Properties and the Chemical Structure of SterigmatocystinYuichi HATSUDA, Shimpei KUYAMA, Noritsugu TERASHIMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 12 Pages 998-1001
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSterigmatocystin was pale yellow needle, m.p. 244_??_5°. It was soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl acetate and chloroform, sparingly soluble in alcohol, methanol and ether, insoluble in petroleum ether and water. It gave a dark blue violet color with FeCl3. Its molecular formula, C15H12O5, was proposed from the results of elementary analysis and molecular weight determination. It had one hydroxyl, one methoxyl, and one methylene dioxyl group.
On decomposition with concentrated hydroiodic acid, or AlCl3, it gave 1, 3, 8-trihydroxyxanthone. And when the substance obtained from sterigmatocystin by oxidation using KMnO4 was heated at 220_??_300°, it gave 1-methoxy-3, 8-dihydroxyxanthone.
In an infra-red absorption spectrum of sterigmatocystin, such absorption of carbonyl group as could be seen in xanthone was not observed. And it was comparatively stable in alkaline, but unstable in mineral acid. Thus methylene dioxyl group was considered to be at 8 and 9 positions, or peri-position in xanthone nuleus.
Summarizing the facts above mentioned, the authors advanced the following structure for sterigmatocystin.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K)
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