Nippon Nōgeikagaku Kaishi

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α-Campholenic nitrile 1a, karahanaenone b, 1-adamantane carboxylic acid c and 2-bromoadamantane d were converted to primary amines by oximation (N, N-dimethyl hydrazonation, methylation, and elimination reaction) or nitration and reduction with LiAlH₄. These primary amine derivatives were finally transformed into amides 3a∼3d, and 4a∼4d, and amines 6a∼10d. Twenty-four terpene derivatives obtained were tested for antimicrobial activity and growthregulating activity toward plants. As for activity of the former toward Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Aspergillus niger Fusarium oxysporum, and penicillium citrinum, 6a, 8a, and 9a (at 100 ppm) derived from 2a, 2c, completely inhibited the growth of B. subtilis and S. aureus, and compounds 6c, and 10a, at 100 ppm inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. The insecticidal activities of these compounds, 3a∼10d, toward Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Dermatophagoides farinae were measured. On filter paper, compounds 6a, 6b, and 6c showed insecticidal activities of 92.4∼100% at the concentration of 1.0 g/m² against T. putrescentiae and D. farinae. Toward T. putrescentiae the activity of these compounds was higher than that of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). At the concentration of 1.0 g/m2 with these compounds in Table X, D. farinae was almost eradicated.

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Mocroorganisms were disrupted by shock compression and the following rarefaction. Their mortalities were closely related to the shock pressure and their size, and the size effect was such that for smaller microorganisms it was harder to disrupt them. The pattern of cell fracture in the SEM image was not similar to that by sonication but by spallation. Results of the sonication did not show the size effect. It was therefor found that disrupture mechanisms are different between shock and sonication, and that the size effect was related to the wave interaction

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