In this experiment pepsin was oxidized by natrium metaperiodate under the various experimental conditions, and the following results were obtained through the investigating the process of oxidation and the changes of enzymatic activity and of ultraviolet absorption.
1) The enzymatic activity decreases as the reaction of oxidation advances.
2) About 30 moles of periodate react with 1 mole of pepsin.
3) In parallel with the decreasing of enzymatic activity during oxidation, extinction cofficient at 277mμ lowers.
This lowering of the optical density is chiefly caused by decomposition, and it is concluded that tryptophan also seems to play an important rAle, to peptic activity.

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The substances of nucleic acid system in the Pyloric coeca of Skipjack Kasuwonus Vagans were estimated by the phosphate compound fractionation and the optical density of ultraviolet spectrum, and there was found that its tissue contained DNA and RNA in almost equal amount. DNA was extracted by POLLISTER and MIRSKY method and purified by SAVAGE method. Thymine and cytosine were isolated from the pyrimidine fraction and adenine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthinewere indentified by the paper chromatogram from the purine fraction. Nucleoprotein was isolated; and arginine, leucine, threonine, glycine, aspartic acid, histidine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine and glutamic acid were indentified by the chromatogam from the bydrolysate of the nucleic acid. The properties of this nucleoprotein seems to be different from nucleoprotamin or nucleohistone.

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The alkaline ribonuclease was separated from the acidic extracts of the pig pancreas by means of fractional precipitation with (NH₄)₂SO₄, and its properties were examined. The results are as follows:
The optimum pH is 7.8_??_8.0, and optimum tenperature about 60°. Thisenzyme is remarkably thermostable, and is quite stable over a wide range of pH when kept at temperature below 25°; the region of maximum stability is pH 3.0_??_5.4. The action of this enzyme is activated by MgSO₂.

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Versicolorin was yellow orange color needle, m. p. 282°, soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, alcohol, and ether, sparingly soluble in-benzene, but insoluble in petroleum ether, and water. It gave orange coloryvith FeCl₃.
It was dissolved into purple color in aqueous NaOH solution, and when heated with zinc dust, its color faded. When shaken in the air, it regained the original color.
The molecular formula C₁₅H₁₀O₆ was proposed from the results of elementary analysis and molecular weight determination. Considering the fact that ultraviolet absorption spectrum of versicolorin was similar to that of aloaemodin and flungulaemodin, it was supposed to be anthraquinone having similar structures to them.
Versicolorin gavea tetraacetyl derivative by acetylation, and a trimethyl derivative by methylation. Therfore, one of the four hyroxyl radicals was assumed to be a form of hyroxymethyl. And as its alcoholic solution gave orange color when it was added with magnesium acetate, it was observed to contain hyroxyl at m-position. Besides in anthraquinones found as metabolic products of fungi, and of settled structures, . two hydroxyl or methoxyl were all observed to be at 1 and 8 positions, and methyl, hydroxymethyl, and carboxyl were all at β-position. Therefore versicolorin was assumed to contain hydroxyls at 1, 3, and 8 positions, and hydroxy methyl at β-position.
Of anthraquinone containing hydroxyls at 1, 3, and 8 positions, and hydroxymethyl at 6 position, ω-hydroxyemodin and citreorosein have been known so far but in many respects versicolorin did not agree with them.
Summarizing the above mentioned results, therefore, the authors proposed the following structure.

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It was observed that versicolorin and norsteriigmatocystion had strong antibiotic properties against Mycobacterium phlei, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. homnis H. 37. Rv.
The experimental results by dilution method showed that versicolorin and norsterigmatocystin of 100, 000 dilutions had antibiotic activity against M. phlei and M. avium, and versicolorin of 50, 000 dilutions and norsterigmatocystin of 80, 000 dilutions had antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis var. homnis H. 37. Rv.
The results of experiments on mice showed that toxicity of these substances had L. D₅₀_??_20mg.
Besides, the following nine xanthones which had similar structure to that of norsterigmatocystin were synthesized:
1-hydroxyxanthone, 1, 3, 6-trihydroxyxanthone,
1, 3, 7-trihydroxyxanthone, 1, 3, 8-trihydroxyxanthone,
1, 3, 5, 6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone,
1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone, 1, a, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone,
1, 3, 6, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone.
Of the above-mentioned, 1, 3, 6-trihydroxyxanthone and 1, 3, 8-trihydroxyxanthone were synthesized for the first time by the authors. These substances of 40, 000_??_80, 000 dilutions had antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis var. homnis H. 37. Rv.

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α-Pinene, camphene, β-pinene, phellandrene, dipentene, borneol, bornylacetate, verbenone, verbenol, longifolene and cadinene were identified in higher boiling fraction of turpentine oil by means of fractional distillation, Raman spectra and chemical analysis.
Contents of α- and β-pinene in gum and sulfated turpentine oil were determined selmi-quantitatively by the intensity of Raman line (668, 643cm^-1) in application of internal standard. The following composition was given: 60_??_80% α-pinene, 10_??_15% β-pinene.

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From morphological and biological aspects, the strain, -used in this experiments, belongss to Penicillium purpurogenum. This strain grew well in the glucose-CZAPEK's medium in surface and submerged cultures, and produced white crystals accompanied with red pigments. This white crystals were precipitated from culture filtrate by acidifying with mineral acid.
The crude precipitate was extracted with acetone and from this solution white crystals of needle-like prism were obtained. The melting point of the crystal recrystallized from chloroform and aqueous acetic acid was 200.5_??_201.5° (obsd.). From the data of elementary analysis and molecular weight measurement the molecular formula must be C₁₈H₂₀O₇.
The physical and chemical characters of the white crystal and the melting point of its acetylated compound showed the same experimental results as those characters of glauconic acid. When this white crystal was mixed with glauconic acid there was no change in melting point, and the infra-red absorption spectrums showed complete identity. From these experimental results we concluded that this white crystal is identical with glauconic acid of WIJKMANN et al., originally found in cultures of a Penicillium glaucum.
The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Dr. K. SAKAGUCHI for his guidance and Dr. Herrman SUTTER for his kind offer of the sample of glauconic acid for identification.

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Bei der Anwendung des 17 α-Methyl-3-keto-5, 17-dioxy-androstans an Hahne zeigte es sich, lass these Verbindung bei peroraler Applikation das Befruchtungsverhältnis der Versuchshühner bis zu etwa 100% veörgrdssern kann.

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The enzyme, tyrosinase, prepared from potato, s inhibited by redox-dyes sich as neutral red, nile blue, n ethylene blue and thionine. Ratios of inhibition to the control are as follows: 0.63, 0.77, 0.84, and 1.00.
With increasing time of washing in running tap water, the oxygen consumption of the potato slices increases, reaching the maximum at 70th hour after the preparation, but the ability of the slices to reduce methylene blue decreases.
This fact indicates that the oxygen consumption of the slices, attaining the maximum, is not mediated by the dehydrogenase system.
The oxygen consumption of the slices attaining the maximum, is not inhibited by the same redox-dyes as in the case of the tyrosinase.
The ability of the slices to reduce methylene blue increases by the addition of the hot water extract of potato.
Respiration of the fresh slices are inhibited by mono-iodoacetate, but not by thiourea.
From the fact mentioned above, the authors infer that tyrosinase is kept inactive by the dehydrogenase system in intact tissue, but in injured tissue the dehydrogenase system is broken, which causes tyrosinase to become active and then results the browning of the tissue.

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The author investigated the phosphatide of Sawa-Millet oil and found out the following results:
1. Sawa-Millet oil contains about 0.14% phophatide.
2. This phosphatide is composed of about 23% lecithin and about 76% cephalin.

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786 cultures of film yeasts from 443 samples of wine and grapes collected at almost wineries etc. in Yamanashi Prefecture. 174 typical strains were selected and sporulating yeasts 138 were classificated by LODDER's method. They included 129 strains of Pichia membranaefaciens, 3 of P. farinosa, 1 of Hansenula anomala, 1 of Devariomyces vini, 4 of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor and 1 of Saccharomyces farmentasi.

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129 strains of P. membranaefaciens isolated from wines are grouped by morphological differences of streak culture, giant colony and pellicle, into 3 groups as follows; I. morphological smooth and pale olive-buff to olive-buff color II. wrinkled and vinaceoue-buff: III. as inte rmediate type.

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The photobleaching of chlorophyll which was absorbed on silica gel was examined by the irradiation of visible light (Matsuda tungsten filament lamp)under the various conditions:
I. in the air with moisture. II. in N₂ gas with moisture. III. in the air in dry state. IV. in N₂ gas in dry state.
Under the condition I, the photobleaching was observed and I₂-starch test paper placed in the apparatus turned into blue, while both the photobleaching and color change of test paper was not observed at II and IV, and a little at III.
The mechanism of photobleaching of chlorophyll by the irradiation with visible, light was shown as follows:
Chl.+hv………………Chl.^*
Chl.^*+O₂………………Chl.+O₂^*
O₂^*+H₂O………………H₂O₂
H₂O₂(HO_??_)+Chl.^*…oxy-Chl.+H₂O ^*:exited molecule
It was concluded that the photobleaching of chlorophyll by the irradiation of visible light was produced by the action of hydrogen-peroxide which was made from H₂O and O₂ at the presence of photo-exited chlorophyll.
To prevent the photobleaching, catalytic decomposition of hydrogen-peroxide by Cu-chlorophyllin was examined.
Chlorophyllin was absorbed on the silica gel, and then Cu-chlorphyllin was absorbed on it. Chlorophyll treated with Cu-chlorophyllin was irradiated in the presence of the air with moisture. Cu-chlorophyllin detered considerably the chlorophyll from the photobleaching by the visible light.

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In the previous paper it was shown that Catenularia sp. HFES No. 179 and 136 have the constriction on the conidiophore near the foot cell. The purpose of this paper is to describe that morphologically the constriction of conidiophore and physiologically the osmophilic nature are generally observed on Catenularia in our country. Twenty-two strains of Catenularia from various sources were collected and examined. From the results it is considered that they all belong to the one species of Catenularia fuliginea, so the new morphological and physiological natures shall be supplemented to the description of Catenularia furiginea SAITO.
And it is considered that on yokan or sweet cakes Catenularia grow specially by the osmophilic nature.
Suppteniental Description of Catenularia fuliginea SAITO.
Conidiophores are constricted usually at a point of 3 to 10μ of distance from the foot cell and aboveit cylindric with about 2_??_3μ, in diameter.
At the point of the constriction no septa are observed.
And the high osmotic pressure (about 50 Atm.) on culture media is necessary for normal growth.

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Ribonucleolytic enzyme system of Aspergillus oryzae var. No. 133 degrades yeast ribonucleic acid (RNA) mainly as follows:
Activity of ribonucleodepolymerase system (RN-depolymerase) is still preserved after heating, dialysis, and the contact with weak basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-4B) or Japanese acid clay, while ribonucleophosphatase system (RN-phosphatase) is readily inactivated by these treatments. Sodium fluoride perfectly inhibits RN-phosphatase action but hardly RN-depolymerase.
Thermo-stability of RN-depolymerase is recognized remarkably in the range of pH 5.5_??_6.5. In 0.05 N sodium acetate solution 94 per cent of activity is preserved after heating at 100° for 10 minutes.
The optimum condition for the activity of RN-depolymerase is about 60° and pH 4.0.

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The phenolsulphatase positive strains of Enterobacteriaceae were found to produce no or little phenolsulphatase unless an unidentified factor is present in the culture. medium.
The nature and distribution of this phenolsulphatase producing factor were studied.
The factor is not replaceable, by the known 8 growth factors, 19 amino acids, purine and pyrimidine compounds and inorganic salts.
The factor is contained in yeast extract and some commercial peptone preparations, especially rich in Mikuni peptone.
The factor in peptones is relatively stable to acid hydrolysis, and is extracted with 95% alcohol from the peptone preparations but is extracted by neither acetone nor ether.

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For the purpose of the estimation of alcohol fermentation yields, we determined a method of the measurement of saccharogenic activity on residual dextrin substrate.
1. We prepared residual dextrin diastatically from a sweet potatoe starch paste (Table 1).
The average degree of polymerization of this dextrin was approximately 12 as glucose unit, and the paper chromatography of the solution of this dextrin- showed no trace of glucose and maltose but some of isomaltose.
2. Residual dextrin value (R. D. V.) was determined by measuring the increase in reducing power by the method of modification of Bertrand's after incubating 5 cc of culture filtrate with 10 cc of 2 percent solution of residual dextrin for f 2 hours at 37°
The reaction mixture was kept at pH 4. 6 by the addition of acetate buffer.
The produced sugar of this reaction mixture which was determined by the paper chromatography was almost glucose.
3. As the results of the measurements of R. D. V. of mold shaking culture filtrates and alcohol fermentation efficiencies by using these filtrates as saccharifyng agent, there was found a correlation between the residual dextrin value and the alcohol fermentation efficiency (Table 3 and Fig. 3).
In conclusion, the alcohol yield would be estimated by measuring R. D. V. of mold culture filtrate.

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(1) Alterations in microscopic details and its relations to changes in colony appearence were studied about 202 mutants of Aspergillus sojae SAKAGUCHI et YAMADA induced by ultraviolet, X-ray and nitrogen mustard (mostly ultraviolet ray).
(2) There was scarcely any difference in the rate of linear growth among the parent straina, lbino, yellow, brown, bluish green any olive type mutants. The rest of the mutants decreased in the rate of linear growth in comparison with the above.
(3) Echinulations of eonidia`l walls which had important meaning in taxonomic studies existed except 6 strains and the surface of conidiophore walls were observed to be smooth. Therefore, above two properties were found to be comparatively unchangeable.
(4) The shape and size of each organs were found remarkably changed except above two, properties. It was presumed that these organs were changeable by induced mutations.
(5). Surveying the relation between alteration of structure and colony type, it was concluded that alterations in microscopic details were scarcely observed in mutants differed conidial color only compared with the parent, however, morphological changes were observed mostly in the mutants of regressive types as restricted colonies and degenerated colonies in sporulation.

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(1) Proteolytic, liquefying and saccharifying activities were tested about 202 induced mutants of Aspergillus sojae (mold for soy making).
(2) More than 70 per cent of the mutants decreasedenzymic activities, but some mutants which increased the activities were isolated. A mutant (X-816 strain) was obtained from normal type, which had extremely strong enzymic activities though it was almost the same as the parent strain in appearence.
(3) There was no relation between colony type and enzyrnic activities except that there was hardly any difference in enzymic activities among the mutants that differred the color each other, and that there were the bounds of possibility increasing its saccharifying power in sterile and floccose types.
(4) Mutant strain X-816 having the highest ability of proteolytic activity in the mutants was not inferior to those groups of the natural ranking with the highest position in the activity.
(5) The strain X-816 having higher ability of proteolytic activity was irradiated with ultraviolet for the purpose of increasing the ability. However, favourable results was not obtained.

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We isolated the acetone-butanol fermenting bacteria (KN-18) from the soil of Hainan Island in China (1943). In Japan during the period of the Second World War it was used for the acetone butanol fermentation of cane sugar, and it has been used for the fermentation of molasses up to date after war. Westudied morphological and physiological characteristics of this bacteria, comp aring with known species, and recognized as a new one and named Clostridium kainantoi nov. sp.
Characteristics: 1. Vegetative cell: rod 0.6_??_1.0×1.8_??_5.5μ
2. Spolangia: spindle or club shaped, 2.2_??_2.8×5.6_??_8.4μ
3. Spore: ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 2.0_??_2.5×2.5_??_3.1μ
4. Motility: motile, 5. Gram positive, stained blue or brown by iodine, stained by methylene-blue and carborfucsine, 6. Indole production: (-), nitrate reduction: (+), nitrite reduction: (+). 7. Production of H₂S: in peptone containing cultures (+). by the reduction of sulphite (-), by the reduction of thiosulphate (+). 8. Gelatin liquefaction: (+), 9. Fermentation reaction and relation between fermentation and temperature: see Table 1 and 2. 10. Optimum temperature: 30°_??_37°, ferm. and growth range 20°_??_40°, 11. optimum pH: 5.6_??_6.8, ferm. and growth range 4.0_??_9.0. 12. Thermal death point: 50°, 10min. 13. Spore resistance to heat: 100° for 40min. 14. Anaerobic.

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1. Fungi contains a enzyme which clarifies the fruits juice. 2. The enzyme was extracted by water, but not precipitated by ammonium sulfate perfectly. 3. The optimum temperature were 40_??_50° and the optimum pH for the enzyme 4.5_??_5.5. 4. The enzyme decomposed the pectin or pectic acid solutions directly, and remarkable and rapid decrease of the viscosity of the solutions were observed. But litte or no increase of the reducing power and the acidity were observed. 5. The reaction of the enzyme was accelerated by ammonium sulfate and some other salts. 6. The-enzyme from fungi was considered as depolymerase.

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The characteristics of the proteinase of Asp. oryzae were studied in view of the specificity against temperature as well as H-ion concentration.
Different activity-pH curves were traced with various reaction temperatures. The highest activity was attained at 40° and at nearly pH 6.0.
The enzyme was found stable in the pH range 5.0 to 7.0, but, it is rapidly inactivated over this range.
Treatment with heat of 65° for 5 minutes resulted a almost complete inactivation of the enzyme.
CaCl₂ protected the enzyme against heat-inactivation.

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