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Volume 19, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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On Volatile Acids of Ulva pertusa KTeruhisa KATAYAMA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 793-797
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing volatile acids have been found to exist in the steam distillate of Ulva pertusa K. (1) Acetic, propionic, butylic and valeric acid have been isolated as free acid from the saturated sodium bicarbonate soluble fraction of the ethereal extract of steam-distillate.
(2) Myristic acid has been isolated from the saturated sodium bicarbonate soluble fraction in a saponified part of ethereal extract of the steam distillate.
(3) The existence of linolenic acid and C16-unsaturated acid has been confirmed in a fraction soluble in the 10% sodium carbonate solution.
(4) The existence of a phenol having Rf=0.90 in paper partition chromatography with nbutanol has been confirmed, in the potassium hydroxide fraction extracted previously with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.View full abstractDownload PDF (285K) -
On the Optimum pH of the Catalase in Marine AlgaeMitsuzo TAKAGI1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 798-802
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The optimum pH of the catalase in fifteen species of marine algae, including five green, five brown, and five red algae, was measured.
2. According to the result of the present study, the optimum pH of the catalase in green algae is known for each species as follows: 7.38 in Bryopsis hypnoides, 8.04-8.30 in Monostroma angicava, 5.59 in Enteromorpha Linza var. crispata, 7.17 in Uiva pertusa and 8.04 in Codium fragile.
3. In brown algae it is known for each species as follows: 7.73 in Scytosi phon Lomentaria, 8.04-8.30 in Laminaria japonica, 8.04 in Gloiopeltis furcata, 7.73 in Undaria pinnatifida f. distans and 8.03 in Hijikia fusiformis.
4. And red algae it is known for each species as follows: 7.73-8.04 in Polysiphonia senticulosa and Porphyra pseudolinearis, 7.17-7.38 in Gelidium Amansii, 7.73 in Ceramium Boydenii and 7.17 in Gracilaria confervoides.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) -
On the Optimum Temperature of the Catalase in Marine AlgaeMitsuzo TAKAGI1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 803-808
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The optimum temperature of catalase in ten species of marine algae, including three green, three brown and four red algae, was measured.
2. The optimum temperature of the catalase in green algae was 17.5°C in Enteromorpha Linza, 10°C in Monostroma angicava and 10-12.5°C in Ulva pertusa.
3. In brown algae, 12.5-17.5°C in Scytosiphon Lomentaria, 12.5-20°C in Laminaria japonica and 12.5-17.5°C in Undaria Pinnatifida f. dislans.
4. In red algae, 10-15°C in Gelidium Amansii and Gracilaria confervoides, 10°C in Ceramium Boydenii and 5-12.5°C in porphyra pseudolinearis.
5. From the results of the experiments with Porphyra Dseudolinearis collected in January and June it was known that the optimum temperature of the catalase in a certain species of marine algae is almost constant for that species and does not change in accordance with the seasonal change of the temperature of the sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Fatty Acids Composition of the Pacific Beaked Whale Oil (Part 2) On the Blubber OilMasamichi SAIKI1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 809-812
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quantitative composition of fatty acids of pacific beaked whale blubber oil was determined. The results and the composition calculated are shown in from Table 1 to Table 6. The content of the saturated acids was 10.14% and the unsaturated acids 89.86%. The saturated fatty acids were mainly constituted of palmitic, myristic and stearic acids. The unsaturated fatty acids were constituted of monoethenoid acids of C20, C18, C23, C16, C14, and a little quantity of C20, C22, acids, which were more unsaturated than monoethenoid. The quantity of C20 and C22 acids were comparatively large. This blubber oil showed a considerably different fatty acid composition from that of the head and jaw oil1).View full abstractDownload PDF (186K) -
Histological Changes in the Muscle Fibers of Albacore (Studies on Tunny Meat-II)Toshiharu KAWABATA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 813-818
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In the present paper, histological and biochemical studies have been undertaken to know the characteristics of albacore muscle (Germo alalunga (G.)) and to find out various changes in the muscle while being putrefied.
2. While being putrefied, disintegration (degenerative change) of the muscle fibers, namely, the disappearence of cross striations and the, formation of granular-like and amorphous waxy substances, has been observed. Highly negative correlation was observed between the increase of volatile basic nitrogen and the decrease in the number of unchanged muscle fibers. This seemed to be related to the dull or opaque appearance of the meat.
3. Marked changes were observed in the muscular nuclei while being putrefied. On the suface laver of the muscle examined, accute break down of nuclei-so-called pycnosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis-has appeared after a short period of 10 hours, on the other hand in the inner layer of the muscle, the change was somewhat varied, namely, the karyorrhexis and karyolysis were not detectable before the onset of spoilage.
4. With the progress of putrefaction, the disintegration of cross striae was increased, the sarcolemma was broken and some granular material oozed out from the break. At this stage of putrefaction, the nuclei were no more detectable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1416K) -
Nitrogen by Aeration Method-IV. Special Factors Affecting the Velocity Constant in Removing the Volatile Dase (2)Toshiharu KAWABATA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 819-823
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContinuing from the previous paper, this paper deals with a study of some factors affecting the velocity constant in removing the volatile base by aeration method, with special reference to the freshness of the fish meat examined. Results obtained are as follows:
1. The fresh meat of several species of fish, showed no difference in the velocity constant, while some of them showed a considerable difference in the velocity constant when spoiled. The curves of volatile base obtained were not of complete agreement with the first order reaction. The cause of this error was found to be due to the high content of trimethylaminoxide in the muscle.
On the other hand, the curves obtained from the samples of spoiled fish meat which have relatively small amount or no oxide, such as albacore, mackerel, carp and whale meat, were found to present the curves mearly or completely in agreement with the theoretical curves.
2. A shortened procedure was presented, which is based on obtaining a 50 per cent removal of total volatile base and is able to determine within a short period of 15 minutes aerating at 45°C, 50 l/hr..View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Tomokichi YOSHIHARA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 824-827
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe price of empty can per unit volume varies regularly according to the simple formula. Based on the data published by the Canning Association and a can manufacturing company a relation was obtained empirically for which two simple formulas were derived. Using these formulas one may judge whether price of any can is cheaper or higher than the standard price.View full abstractDownload PDF (213K) -
Mean Age CompositionTomokichi YOSHIHARA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 828-831
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the statistics of catch the mean age composition, the survival rate, the dominant age group and the net reproduction rate were obtained. Details of the results will be published elsewhere.View full abstractDownload PDF (169K) -
Net Reproduction RateTomokichi YOSHIHARA1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 832-835
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the relations between the age (or length) and numbers of fish survived, the net reproduction rate was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
Hydrocarbon Contents in “Ynmezame”, Centroscymus owstoni GARMANHideo HIGASHI, Tokugoro KANEKO, Kisaburo SUGII1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 836-850
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1466K) -
Hydrocarbon Contents in “Heratsunozame”, Deania sppHideo HIGASHI, Tokugoro KANEKO, Kisaburo SUGII1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 851-860
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf a series of our reports dealing with hydrocarbon contents of deep sea sharks the present work is concerned to that of “heratsunozame”, Deania including at least two different species of which taxonomical indentification has not been available.
On the basis of morphometric data of about forty samples used for the study (Table 1) an average weight of the liver has been computed at 21.45 per cent of the body for the male fish, and 19 per cent of the female body (Figs 1-2). The liver contains oil for 75-91 per cent (Table 2 and Fig. 3)• Properties of the liver oil and unsaponifiable matters in the oil are shown in Tables 3 and 4 respectively. The refractive index indicated that hydrocarbon in the liver oil of Deania spp. is mainly constituted of squalene (Table 5). When compared the liver oil from different sexes, the hydrocarbon content in the oil was found higher with the male than with the female, but this difference is not so great as the case of “yumezame”, Centroscymnus owstoni (Fig. 5).
The relation of specific gravity and the hydrocarbon content of the liver oil is expressed by an equation x=1685.43-1863t1………………………………(I)
where x is the hydrocarbon content of the liver oil,
and t1, specific gravity (d154) of the liver oil (Fig. 6).
Judging from the relation of refractive index and the hydrocarbon content of the liver oil shown in Fig. 7, we are in the opinion that Deania under the study consisted at least of two species. One of them, group A, was caught inside of the Tokyo Bay in December 1952 and following January, while the other, group B, was from the Sagami Bay and Kaneda Bay, Ka-nagawa prefecture, in February 1950 and April 1951. The relations of refractive index and the hydrocarbon content for, group A marked with open circle and for group B with, dot (Fig. 7) is indicated by the following equations respectively:
x=3690t2-5400…………………………(II)
x=3900t2'-5684.34……………………(III)
where t2' is refractive index (n_??_) of the liver oil.
The relation between the hydrocarbon content and unsaponifiable matter content of the liver oil is
x=0.9313t3-11.86……………………(IV)
where t3 is unsaponifiable matter content of the liver oil (%) (Fig. 8).
As a result of investigation of the egg and embryo at different stages of the development, lipids and hydrocarbon in the egg were found to increase as it grows, while they were likely consumed with the growth of the embryo like in case. of Cenfroscymnus (Tables 7-10, and Figs. 10-13.).View full abstractDownload PDF (1483K) -
Hydrocarbon Contents in the Liver Oil of the “Aizame”, Centrophorus sppHideo HIGASHI, Tokugoro KANEKO, Kisaburo SUGII1953 Volume 19 Issue 7 Pages 861-867
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf the “aizame”, Centrophorus spp., several species have been known to exist in waters adjacent to Japan, though detailed taxonomical information has not been elucidated. The deep sea sharks dealt with in this report would consist at least of two different species of the genus Centrophorus.
Listed on Table 1 are information concerning data of fishing, fished areas and major morphometric characters of the samples used for the present experiment. The following have been obtained from the result of chemical analysis of oil extracted from the liver with ether.
Weight of the liver averages about 24.7 per cent in proportion to the body weight of the fish. The oil contents are 75-87 per cent for the liver, and about 10 per cent for the eggs and the kidney respectively. However, the flesh and other internal organs were found with oil but very few (Tabs. 1-4, Figs. 1-3).
The hydrocarbon contents in the liver oil of the fish which are supposed to the highest of all the animal oils that have been known revealed a little individual variance among the samples. When examined with different sexes of the fish, the hydrocarbon contents of the liver oil per kilogram of the body weight proved nearly constant between male and female.View full abstractDownload PDF (844K)
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