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Volume 48, Issue 4
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Syuhei ISHIHARA, Riichi KUSUDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 483-488
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present, there is no available information or other previous report on the mechanism of infection in edwardsiellosis. This study therefore, deals with the effect of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth and survival time of E. tarda in pond water, centrifuged pond water and subterranean water at different temperatures.
In the survival time experiment, environmental water was treated with a low concentration of 103.3 viable cells of E. tarda except the subterranean water which was treated with 103.6. On the other hand 107.8viable E. tarda cells were introduced in the high concentration group, however, the temperature during the incubation period was maintained at 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C in both high and low concentration.
As a result, it was observed that at temperatures from 15°C to 45°C (optimum 30°C-37°C), pH of 4.0-10.0 (optimum 7.5-8.0), and at 0-4.0NaCl (optimum 0.5-1.0%), the viable cells of E. tarda could still exist. In the case of 103.3 inocular size, it grew in pond water and centrifuged pond water and survivd the entire 17 days or more of storage. But it died in 3 days or less in the subterranean water. In pond water, multiplication of E. tarda cells was faster than in centrifuged pond water, and it has been found that the number of cells recovered was greater in the former than in the altter water environment. In the high concentration of E. tarda cells, a greater recovery was noticed after 76 days in pond water. In all cases, survival at 20°C was equal to or better than at any other temperature.
From the results obtained, it is assumed that the bacterial cells from infected fish can survive fro a long time in environmental water, thus, the possibility of further infestation is great.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Yasuo ITAZAWA, Tatsusuke TAKEDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 489-493
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnesthetization of fish by mixed bubbling into the ambient water of carbon dioxide and oxygen is being tried as a method of live transport. To get fundamental information on fish under anesthesia, respiratory parameters were measured with carp before, during and after anesthesia induced by 1:1 mixed bubbling of carbon dioxide and oxygen. During the anesthesia, oxygen content and oxygen saturation of the arterial blood was maintained at levels higher than or equal to the pre-anesthetic ones owing to very high PO2 accompanied with elevated Ht and Hb in the blood, in spite of enormously high PCO2 which ought to reduce the oxygen affinity of the blood. Gill ventilation was also maintained at the pre-anesthetic level due to increased frequency of respiration, notwithstanding its reduced stroke volume. Oxygen consumption was reduced to one-half its pre-anesthetic level, accompanied with a sharp drop of oxygen utilization at the gills.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
Masanori DOI, Tadayoshi HOSHINO, Yasuhiko TAKI, Yoshimitsu OGASAWARA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 495-498
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFresh semen of Thunnus thynnus from the Mediterranean Sea was very viscous and contained spermatozoa at high densities (496-648×108/ml). When diluted with sea water, spermatozoa maintained high levels of motility for about seven minutes. From these characters of the semen, the dilution of semen with sea water or physiological saline seems to facilitate teh operation of artificial insemination in this species. In experiments on the preservation of liquid semen in an ice bath, spermatozoa rapidly lost their motility and became completely inactive in four days, probably and partially due to the lowering of oxygen level in the highly viscous and dense semen. Cryopreserved semen in liquid nitrogen (cryoptective agent : glycerol or DMSO; basic medium: Mounib's medium or 10% glucose) successfully maintained its spermatozoal motility, suggesting a high possibility of cryopreservation in the artificial insemination of T. thynnus. Glycerol showed its cryoprotective effectiveness at equilibration times longer than 20 minutes, while DMSO was effective at equilibration times shorter than 20 minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Hideo SEKIGUCHI, Yuichiro YAMAGUCHI, Hiroshi KOBAYASHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 499-504
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA giant isopod Bathynomus döderleini, captured by the baited trap in the Kumano-nada region, central Japan, was investigated to elucidate its geographical distribution and bathymetric occurrence.
B. döderleini is distributed mainly at depths from 250m to 550m and completely absent from the traps set in the water shallower than 150m. So these bathynomids are classified as the littoral-bathyal benthos. The abundance of specimens of B. döderleini appears to be dependent on the topographic features of bottom.
Summing up the informations known to date, B. döderleini has not been found from the marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific, and then its geographical distribution accords with the warm Kuroshio Current area along the Pacific coasts of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Hiroshi YABU, Kiyohiko ISHII1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 505-507
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gonads of the Pacific pomfret pomfret Brama japonica HILGENDOLF collected from the area near the Emperor's Sea Mounts in the North Pacific were used for cytological observations. Mitotic nuclear divisions in spermatogonia showed to have chromosomes of 2n=54. One or two long rod-shaped multivalents frequently appeared at metaphase of meiosis I in spermatocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Nobuaki TAKAHASHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 509-511
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between injection of various steroids into the coelom and ovarian protein amounts was examined by using growing ovaries in the starfish Asterina pectinifera. Steroids were injected daily for 16 days, with the concentration of 10-10 mol/g body weight. Significant increase of ovarian protein/g wet wt against control occurred only by injection of estrone (p<0.001). Total protein amounts of ovaries, when body weights of all animals were converted into 100g, increased significantly in estrone (p<0.001) and androstenedione (p<0.01). On the other hand, injection of progesterone appeared to depress the growth of ovary.View full abstractDownload PDF (200K) -
Nobuaki TAKAHASHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 513-515
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of injection of androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol-17β and estrone in the coelom on testes in the starfish Asterina pectinifera was investigated. When steroids of the concentration of 10-10mol/g body weight were injected daily, significant increase of gonad index (GI) against control was found only by treating with estrone (p<0.05). In a short treatment with estron (2×10-10mol) for 5 days, GI also increased significantly (p<0.05). Histologically, the swollen testes with estrone appeared to be caused by the increase of male germ cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Nobuo SEKI, Takahiro WATANABE1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 517-524
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBeheaded and gutted carp were wrapped with filter paper soaked in 10mM sodium azide to prevent bacterial spoilage, and stored at 25°C for up to 4 days. Myofibrils were prepared from the ordinary muscle at death and at different times of postmortem storage.
Two notable morphological changes occurred in the myofibrils during storage: fragmentation of the myofibrils and reversible contraction of the sarcomers. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of the myofibrils showed a gradual decrease in intensity of the troponin T, α-actinin, and myosin heavy chain bands, and a gradual appearance of the 150, 000 dalton protein and several other protein bands during storage. Assays of myofibrillar ATPase*2 activities from postmortem muscle showed that Mg2+ -ATP ase activity first increased rapidly, then decreased, while Mg2+-ATP ase activity in the presence of EGTA increased steadily during storage. Ca2+-ATPase activity changed little. The aggregation of myosin B prepared from postmortem muscles was increased with increasing storage time.View full abstractDownload PDF (3687K) -
Yasukatsu OSHIMA, Takeshi YASUMOTO, Masaaki KODAMA, Takehiko OGATA, Ya ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 525-530
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey acrried out from the spring to summer of 1979 at 31 stations in Tohoku and nearby areas revealed that shellfishes were infested in varied degrees by paralytic shellfish poison at almost all stations. The rates of accumulation of toxin differed markedly from species to species and the toxicity levels decreased in the following order: scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, scallop Chlamys nipponensis akazara, mussel Mytilus edulis, and oyster Crassostrea gigas. The edible tunicate Holocynthia roretzi also accumulated the toxin at a fairly high level. In the absence of the causative plankton M. edulis eliminated the toxin rapidly but P. yessoensis retained it for a long period at a high level. Protogonyaulax tamarensis was identified as the causative organism occurring during the investigation period. It caused mussels to become highly toxic even at a low population density of several cells per mililiter.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Yoshito TANAKA, Teruhisa KATAYAMA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 531-533
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new natural carotenoid was isolated from sea sponge Agelas mauritiana. It was shown to be 3-hydroxy-2, 3-didehydro-β, ?? -carotene-4-one. The name isotedanin is proposed for this carotenoid and isoclathriaxanthin is proposed as the name for the esterified carotenoid.View full abstractDownload PDF (208K) -
Shiro KONAGAYA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 535-541
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to evaluate objectively the jellification grade of sporozoa Hexacapsula neothunni infected meat of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares. Two methods are suitable: a method using the compressive stress of meat as a parameter, and another one determining spectrophotometrically the copper-FOLIN color development of meat extract.
The jellification rate of the yellowfin tuna meat was determined at various temperatures from 0 to 30°C using these methods. Results showed that comparable degrees of jellification were attained when the meat was stored for 8 days at 0°C, for 6 days at 5°C, for 4 days at 10°C, and for one day at 20°C. A similar grade of jellification took place within half a day at 30°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2819K) -
Shiro KONAGAWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 543-548
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProteases in the jellied meat of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacores were separated into three fractions, designated J-I, J-II-1 and J-II-2, by a method which consists of ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration. Fraction J-II-2 was found to correspond to cathepsin D, which is normally present in the muscle. The protease activity of fraction J-II-1 was negligible, whereas that of J-I, a thiol protease, was much higher.
It was demonstrated that J-I jellified the freeze-dried normal yellowfin tune meat at 25°C and pH 5.8, while cathepsin D did not jellify the meat at all under the same conditions. Neither J-I protease activity nor any spores of a sporozoa Hexacapsula neothunni were detected in the dark meat which was not jellified.
These findings suggest that J-I protease, possibly secreted from the sporozoan parasite, is mainly responsible for the jellification of yellowfin tuna meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Michio MURATA, Masaharu SHIMATANI, Hiroshi SUGITANI, Yasukatsu OSHIMA, ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 549-552
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe major toxin involved in the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning was isolated from the hepatopancreas of the mussel Mytilus edulis and was named dinophysistoxin-1. It was obtained as a colorless solid: mp. 134°C, [d]20D 28°, LD99 160μg/kg (ip to mouse). Comparison of the toxin by various spectrometries with okadaic acid isolated from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima established that dinophysistoxin-1 is 35S-methyl okadaic acid C45H70O13. Gas chromatographic analysis evidenced the presence of dinophysistoxin-l in the dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii, confirming that this organism is the progenitor of the toxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (266K) -
Mamoru SATO, Takao KONDO, Reiji YOSHINAKA, Shizunori IKEDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 553-556
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRainbow trout weighing 0.15g on the average were fed with purified diets containing different amounts of L-ascorbic acid for 20 weeks. Dietary ascorbic acid levels did not affect the appetite, growth, and movement of the fish until the appearance of the symptoms of scurvy. The occurrence of vertebral curvature and exophthalmus were recognized only in the fish which received the ascorbic acid-free diet for 15 to 20 weeks.
The values for the ratio of hydroxyproline to proline content of collagen fraction ofthe skin and bone were significantly lower in the fish groups receiving low ascorbic acid diets (0 to 2mg ascorbic acid /100g diet) for 11 weeks, whereas this value was not so low in th fish group fed with diet containing 5mg ascorbic acid per 100g diet, when compared with the control fish.
The results indicate that an underhydroxylated collagen is formed and accumulated in the tissues of the fish which are fed with ascorbic acid deficient diets. This trend seems to be continued until the ascorbic acid levelof the diet reachs 5mg per 100g deit. The minimum dietary ascorbic acid requirement to maintain a normal collagen formation in the tissues of the experimental fish was estimated to be 5 to 10mg per 100g diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Seiichi HAYASHI, Kunihiro ISE, Takao ITAKURA, Zentaro OOSHIRO1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 557-562
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2-4) has been purified from the acetone powder of eel liver; the process utilized affinity chromatography with GTP-Sepharose in the final step. The homogeneity of the enzyme was proved by 1) a single protein-staining band in polyacrylamide gels, 2) a single symmetrical Schlieren peak in the ultracentrifuge, and 3) constant specific activity in the chromatogram obtained by GTP-Sepharose column.
Sedimentation analysis gave a S020, w value of 12.3. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 315, 000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
In gel electrophoresis, the enzyme showed little mobility if ADP was not added in sample, spacer, and separate gel. Amino acid analysis showed that the ratio of quantities of arginine, lysine, and tyrosine to the total residues of amino acids in the eel enzyme were rather higher than those in bovine, rat, and tuna enzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1333K) -
Takehiko OGATA, Masaaki KODAMA, Yasuwo FUKUYO, Takeshi INOUE, Hisao KA ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 563-566
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe abundance of Protogonyaulax and the toxicity of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were monitored at two stations in Ofunato Bay, Iwate Prefecture. In spring and summer, P. tamarensis appeared and in autumn, P. catenella. The ratio of the toxicity level of scallop to the number of Protogonyaulax plankton cells varied even in the same species. The toxin, once accumulated in the scallop, was not easily eliminated. The toxicity level in the shellfish did not markedly increase when the Protogonyaulax cell density reached the maximum. The maximum level was attained about one week later, when most of the Protogonyaulax had already disappeared.View full abstractDownload PDF (257K) -
Masaaki KODAMA, Yasuwo FUKUYO, Takehiko OGATA, Toshio IGARASHI, Hisao ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 567-571
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtogonyaulax cells collected from Ofunato Bay were fractionated into “20-30”, “30-40”, and “40-95” μm fractions by sieves having mesh sizes of 20, 30, 40 and 95 μm. In the case of P. tamarensis, the toxicity was 0.54-1.46 MU/104 cells for the “20-30” μm fraction, 1.14-2.43 MU/104 cells for the “30-40” μm fraction, and 1.14-2.25 MU/104 cells for the “40-95” μm fraction. Microscopic observations showed that most cells of the “20-30” μm fraction were over younger ones equipped with soft theca or cell membranes. Similar attempts were made to separate P. catenella cells into three fractions, but their toxicities were too low to be assayed.View full abstractDownload PDF (257K) -
Reiji YOSHINAKA, Hideki TANAKA, Mamoru SATO, Shizunori IKEDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 573-579
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo elastase activity was detected in the extract of the pancreas of the catfish Paracilurusasotus. However, some activity was found in the extract activated by bovine trypsin or autocatalytically. These facts indicate that elastase is stored as zymogen in the pancreas of the catfish.
Two major elastases were found in the autoactivated preparation of the extract of the pancreas. One of the enzymes, designated as elastase B, was purified by CM-cellulose chromatography. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Elastase B had strong elastolytic activity as well as Suc-(Ala)8-NA-hydrolyzing activity. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were found to be near pH 8.0 and 50 to 60°C, respectively. Elastase B was found to be stable between pH 5 and 9 below 60°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
Bunji YOSHITOMI, Kunihiko KONNO1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 581-586
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzymatic properties of squid mantle myosin were studied in terms of Ca-, Mg- and EDTA-ATPase activities under various conditions, and compared with those of rabbit skeletal myosin.
All ATPase activities of squid myosin were very similar to those of rabbit myosin in their pH and KCI concentration dependencies, with the exception of the KCI dependency of the Mg-ATPase activity. Activation energies of all ATPae activities estimated from the ARRHENIUS plot of ATPase activity were found to be identical for myosins from squid and rabbit, with the exception of that of EDTA-ATPase. Squid myosin showed an initial burst liberation of inorganic phosphate (1mol/mol myosin) in its Mg-ATPase reaction. The LINEWEAVER BURK plots of myosin ATPase activities revealed tha the Vmax values were considrably different, but the Km values remained the same, for th myosins of the two species. The profile of the ATPase activity of squid myosin against pCMB treatment was remarkably different from rabbit; no initial activation phase was observed in squid myosin.
These results confirmed that the enzymatic properties of squid myosin were similar to those of rabbit myosin in many respects, although a few properties were unique to squid myosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Mineshi SAKAMOTO1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 587-590
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding trials using purified test diets were conducted in order to clarify the requirements of essential fatty acids (EFA) for the larval stages of an Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. The weight gains were low in the larvae fed on the lipid-free and ω3 fatty acid-deficient diets. The supplement of linolenic acid (18:3ω3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) to the diet containing 8% levels of lipids, oleic acid (18:1ω9), or egg lecithin-18:1ω9 (3:5, w/w) improved the weight gain of the Ayu larvae, whereas that of linoleic acid (18:2ω6) enhanced growth very little. The growthpromoting effect of 18:3ω3 was almost equal to that of 20:5ω3. These results indicated that the larval Ayu requires 18:3ω3 and 20:5ω3 as EFA for growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Sekio KANOH, Tamao NOGUCHI, Kinue KOYAMA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 591
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (104K) -
Masaaki KODAMA, Takehiko OGATA, Kunio YAMAMORI1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 593
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (87K) -
1982 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages 598
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (27K)
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