All issues
Volume 26, Issue 11
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Michio UNO, Tuneo KONAGAYA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1069-1073
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe swimming noise of a single fish and a fish school was studied.
(1) Single fish: The sound was produced when a fish swam just below the surface of the water or jumped up from the water, but could not be detected when it swam under water.
(2) Fish school: When the fish school was approaching the hydrophone in a pond, the sound was distinctly noticeable over the back ground noise. But in yellowtail crawl, it was not heard. In a pond or crawl, certain low frequency sounds were produced by sudden movements, jumping, and preying of the fish.
(3) Skipjack fishing: When a skipjack was angled, the sound was observed, but it was not observed when they were approaching the prey. In operating the fishing boat, the noise was very loud, and the sound pressure produced by showering was very high.View full abstractDownload PDF (1879K) -
Seibin ARASAKI, Akio INOUYE, Yasunobu KOCHI1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1074-1081
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yields of the cultured Porphyra (Nori) in the Nori fields near the coast of Tokyo City were short in the last season covering from autumn in 1959 till late spring in 1960. The damage seemed to be caused chiefly from the Cancer-disease and the Chytrid-disease which were raging continuously for all the harvest season.
In the Cancer-disease, the symptoms of the affected part showed some variations in the surface views (figs. 1-4) or in the transverse sections of the frond (figs. 10, 11, 21). In some cases many abnormally swollen cells appeared on the apparently healthy frond, then most of them started into abnormal cell-divisions to make cancer-galls while some of them remained without any change in shape for certain periods (figs. 5, 6, 8, 9).
In the Chytrid-disease, a Chytrid Olpidiopsis sp. nov. was constantly observed on the affected fronds which were collected at any place in any season. In the beginning of the season the Olpidiopsis occurred even on the young of Porphyra, after then the parasite became more numerous invading in both the young and mature fronds (fig. 14). Sometimes, the host-cells became swollen, on which the abnormal cell divisions took place to make the, cancer-galls. (figs. 3, 7, 8, 16).
In the Nori-field, the cancer-galls, the swollen cells, and the Olpidiopsis-parasites were observed on the same frond in an aspect mixed with each other or with patterns produced by the other diseases including red-disease or white-disease. It was found that the cancer-galls and the Olpidiopsis-parasites occur also on the Ulothrix, the Monostroma and the Bangia which were growing associated with each other on the Nori-hibi (collector-net), but not so frequently as on the Porphyra (figs. 2, 9, 12, 13, 20).
On the other hand it was also found, through culture experiments in the laboratory, that the abnormally swollen cells and the cancer-galls occur on the fronds of several kinds of algae including Bangia, Ulothrix, Monostroma, Enteromorpha, and Ulva when they were cultured in the medium containing respectively the Phenol (C6H5OH), trichlene (Cl-CH-C•Cl2) or Potassium cyanide (KCN) (figs. 8, 9, 10, 16, 17).
Besides, it was found that the growth-rate and the propagation of Olpidiopsis infested on those algae are also promoted by the same chemical agents mentioned above (figs. 19, 20, 21, and Table 1).
From these observations in the field and the culture experiments in the laboratory, it is suggested that the cancer-disease and the Chytrid-disease may become prevalent owing chiefly to some unknown chemical stimulants originated presumably to the sewages and drainages from Tokyo City.View full abstractDownload PDF (2838K) -
Ryonosuke KITAMORI1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1082-1085
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (253K) -
Ryonosuke KITAMORI1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1086-1090
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (261K) -
Shiro FUJITA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1091-1094
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeiognathus nuchalis (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL) is a common leiognathid fish of Japan, mainly distributed along the coasts of south-western part of the territory as well as in Korea and China. It appears to inhabit the shallow coastal regions. The spawning season seems to extend from the middle of May to the end of July in northern Kyushu.
On June 22, 1959, the author carried out the artificial insemination of this fish at Moji City, Kyushu, and observed the egg development and hatched larvae.
The egg is bouyant and colorless, spherical in shape measuring 0.6-0.65mm in diameter, with a single oil-globule measuring 0.12-0.15mm. The yolk and egg-membrane have no particular structure.
Hatching took place in 30 hours and 45 minutes at the water temperature 22.5-23.9°C. In the course of development, melanophores and xanthophores appeared on the embryonal body and surface of oil-globule in 2-3 hours before hatching (Figs. 1-9).
Newly hatched larva (Fig. 10), measuring 1.4mm in total length, had 8-9+17=25-26 myotomes (the number of vertebrae of this fish is 10+14=24).
The hatched larvae were floating in the water near the surface with the yolk upwards. The melanophores were seen on the back side from head to tail and on the surface of oil-globule. The xanthophores were distributed on the head, trunk, middle part of the tail forming cross bands, and on the surface of oil-globule and yolk surface around the oil-globule. Five or six hours old larvae (including the one of Fig. 11) were 1.63-1.95mm in total length. The groups of xanthophores appeared on the head, back of the front part of trunk, back and abdominal side behind the anus and middle of the tail. 39 hours old larva was 2.1mm in total length. The yolk was not yet wholly absorbed. The eyes were becoming black. They were floating vertically in the water with the head downwards. The larvae, 65 hours after hatching (Fig. 13), nearly consumed the yolk and reached 2.15-2.20mm in total length, with the anus being slightly shifted forwards. The number of myotomes was 6+19=25. The larvae swam freely in the water.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN FISH MUSCLETomoo NAKANO, Yasuhiko TSUCHIYA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1095-1098
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of some kinds of phosphorus compounds in muscle were measured with given individuals of several fish species. With mackerel and carp under keeping an inquiry was made also into the influences of rearing conditions on the contents of these compounds in muscle. The table appended shows the results which may be summarized as follows:
Distribution of phosphorus compounds in fish muscle varies widely from species to species of fishes and also according to the kind of muscle, for instance, the ordinary muscle and the dark muscle, and the position in body of the muscle.
These results may be interpreted as a reflex of the sum of innate peculialities of the particular fish species and the fluctuations in quantity of high energy phosphorus compounds in living tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
Usio SIMIDU, Wataru SIMIDU1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1099-1106
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (360K) -
BROWNING CAUSED BY SUGAR WITH AMINO ACID IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTIONFumio NAGAYAMA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1107-1113
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this series, browning of fish flesh have been studied in relation to the role of sugar component in the reaction, but some contradictory results with the behavior of sugar were obtained in the experiment on the browning of fish flesh by heat1, 2).
Although the literature on the browning of sugar-amino acid or protein in model system is already voluminous, most of these reports do not deal with the reaction under the same condition as in raw or processed fish flesh.
Present author investigated the browning in sugar-amino acid system by heat in O.1M phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, which is considered to be comparatively close to the natural condition.
Phosphate buffer seemed to accelerate browning of sugar even in the absence of amino acid (Table 1). Color production was stronger in ribose than in glucose (Table 2), but fluore-sence was stronger in the latter (Table 6). Among amino acids, in general, basic acids produced color strongly, and acidic acids caused no browning (Table 2). There was no distinct correlation among browning, loss of sugar, and loss of amino acid (Tables 3, 4 and 5).
Details of the effect of phosphate on the browning and the properties of reaction products will be reported in the following paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASE AND CONDITIONS OF CULTUREHironari FUKUDA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1114-1117
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe occurrence of disease among cultured snapping-turtles in a nursery pond were observed in the last summer. The diseased turtles were in a chronic condition, and spoilt the taste as well as the market value.
Relations between the disease and cultured condition are investigated. Causes of disease are seemed to be the over-feeding of dry silkworm pupa, containing remarkable amount of oxidised rancid oil.
Distinction between diseased turtle and healthy one by external appearance is difficult with the exception of serious illness. One of index for diagnosis of the disease is to find the ratio of body weight to shield length as shown in the Table 1. The diseased turtles are under in-tensive innutritions condition, but they are thick more than the normals in appearance.View full abstractDownload PDF (259K) -
ANATOMICAL OBSERVATION AND ETIOLOGICAL PRESUMPTION OF DISEASEHironari FUKUDA, Masao KIMURA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1118-1122
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnatomical observations of the diseased snapping-turtles are described in this report. The most remarkable symptom of diseased bodies is abnormal states of the adipose tissues such as dark brown color, lumpy granule or mass, and hardened cheese like appearance.
Degenerated adipose tissues are sucked with the membrane of connective tissue and com-pletely isolated from the other tissues. Moreover, in spite of starveling condition of diseased body, the adipose tissues were not consumed and remained as much as 15-19% of body weight. Muscle, liver, overy and other organs are all in atrophy, and water contents of muscle tissues are 83-86% to the contrary 76-79% in the healthy one.
These facts indicate that the accumulated lipids were remained without consumption in the diseased individuals, in spite of the serious innutritive conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
PROPERTIES OF DEGENERATED LIPIDS IN DISEASED BODYHironari FUKUDA, Akira KUROGI1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1123-1127
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccumulated lipids were extracted with ethylether from the adipose tissues of diseased turtles. Obtained lipids are very viscous, dark color, and contained extremely degenerated oil. Characteristic values of these oil are exceedingly abnormal as indicated in the Table 1 and 2. The characters of abnormal oil are remarkably different from the normal one such as specific gravity (0.94-0.96), acid value (2.4-9.2), peroxide oxygen (0.19-0.38g/kg), oxi-dised acid (5.3-9.0%) and mean molecular weight (770-830). But saponification and iodine values are not different from the normal values. Solubilities of the oil in several organic sol-vents are indicated in the table 3.
These abnormal oils are contained only in the adipose tissue, but not found at all in the muscle and other tissues. Although the diseased body was under the starveling condition, accumulated oils were remained without consumption.
The source of the degenerated oil in the living body is not evident now, but we can pre-sume that it must have been taken in the body as the diet, being accumulated chronically as a results of functional disorder on the liver and kidney by the poisonous effect of the oil. The old dried pupa of silk worm contains much degenerated oil as an example in the Table 4. Then we can presume that over-feeding of old pupa causes the disease in snapping turtles.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
LECITHIN FROM CARP EGGHisanao IGARASHI, Kôichi ZAMA, Muneo KATADA1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1128-1131
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLecithin was isolated from carp egg; yield 2.40%, P 3.90%, glycerol 11.41%, choline 14.82%, and iodine no. 117.2.
Composition of the component fatty acids of lecithin presented in Table 3 showed to be not so much different from those of salmon or hen eggs. It can therefore be supposed that the fatty acid composition of animal egg-lecithins is less affected by the body depot fats while those of fatty oils in eggs depend on their body fats.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Takeshi YASUMOTO1960 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1132-1138
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (371K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|