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Volume 56, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Tadanobu Machii, Yukio Nose1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 409-412
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships of velocity (Vw; m/s) and of effective force (Fw; kgw) of a hydraulic purse winch during fishing operation were obtained by using only the engine revolution (Ne; rpm) and the effec-tive output pressure of an oil pump (P-Po; kgw/cm2), respectively. Using the loaded (i.e. pulling the net) P (kgw/cm2) and the non-loaded (i.e. without pulling the net) Po (kgw/cm2) pressure of the pump, Vw and Fw could be expressed respectively as
Vw=Kv(qp/qw)Ne and Fw=kfqw(P-Po),
where ku and kf are constants, qp (l/rev) and qw (l/rev) are the displacement of the pump and the winch, respectively. Without using special instruments, Vw and Fw of the purse winch can be calculated applying the equations obtained. This simplified method is useful for the Third World Countries where sufficient instruments could not be provided for research works mainly due to economic problems.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Tadanobu Machii, Yukio Nose1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 413-416
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was undertaken utilizing only an engine tachometer and an oil pressure gauge of a prototype Peruvian small purse seiner. The empirical relationships between a velocity of a winch (Vw; m/s) and an enging revolution (Ne; rpm), and between an effective force of a winch (Fw; kgw) and an effective output pressure of an oil pump (P-Po; kgw/cm2) were determined based on the equations obtained by the previous study. Assuming the loaded pressure (P; kgw/cm2) and the non-loaded pressure (Po; kgw/cm2) of the pump, since Po=19.7kg/cm2, then
Vw=0.000415Ne and Fw=24.5 (P-19.7)
Moreover, in standard fishing operations of Peruvian small purse seiners, Vw=0.52m/s and Fw=367kgw could be practically determined. These values could be used to examine the mechanical properties of a fishing gear during fishing operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
Morihiko Kuwa, Ikuo Yamamoto, Jyuichi Tomura, Kazunori Nomura1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 417-423
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of marine organisms attached to maid steel plate cathodically protected by alu-minum alloy anode, its control steel plate, and FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) plate which were immersed in 1-25m water depth, the largest attaching was found on cathodic protection plate, with the next Largest being slightly less on FRP plate and the least on the control plate On each of the three plates mentioned above, the largest amount of attaching was found ai the 3-7m depth and below the 10m depth it increased.
With the cathadic protection rate, there were no noticeable changes in varied water depths. However, the corrosion rate was lower at depth of 3-7m with a higher occurence of attaching organisms, while the corrosion rate was higher at depth of 25 m. Also on the cathodic protection plate the potentials varied toward less noble, and the protective current density became lower as the amount of marine organisms increasced. Simultaneously, less noble potentials and lower current densities were observed. At 1-7m depth, where more organisms were attached than in 10-25m depth, less noble potentials in low current densities were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2037K) -
Akira Komaru, Hirokazu Matsuda, Takashi Yamakawa, Katsuhiko T. Wada1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 425-430
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe events of meiosis and fertilization in Japanese pearl oyster eggs allowed to develop at dif-ferent temperatures (18°C, 23°C, and 28°C) were investigated with fluorescence microscope. Change of matemal and paternal chromatin of eggs at 23°C were as follows. Spawned eggs were at metaphase of first meiosis. Subsequent to sperm penetration most eggs completed first and second meiosis by 15 and 24 min after insemination, respectively. Female and male pronuclei were formed by 30 min after insemination. The chromatin of male and female pronuclei con-densed gradually and were finally observed as two groups of chromosomes. The two groups of chromosomes combined and formed on the metaphas plate for first cleavage. By 62 min most eggs completed first cleavage.
It was observed at the higher temperature, that the eggs developed faster. Percentages of eggs which showed abnormal chromosome behavior were higher at 18°C and 28°C than at 23°C. Asynchronous development of eggs was observed in all temperature groups. Asynchrony of eggs development was more apparend at 18°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2446K) -
Ryosuke Kuroshima, Sekio Kimura1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 431-435
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Cd toxicity and its accumulation for two species of marine fish were examined at various growth stages. Girella Glarella punctata and goby Chasmichtys dolichognatus fish. The 96-h LC50 for girella at the first growth stage when the mean body weight was 0.18g was 15.7mg/l and this value was considerably lower compared with 25.1, 27.1 and 29.7mg/l in the later three stages. Cd accumulated in juveniles weighing about 0.2-0.3g in the highest concentration for 96h while the concentration in thefish weighing over about 1.0g remained constant. Goby was found to enhance prominently the tolerance to Cd, i.e. the 96-h LC50 increased from 5.5mg/l at 0.021g of mean body weight to 30.5mg/l at 0.211g. The Cd concentration in exposed gobies decreased markedly with the growth in the early juvenile stage and remained a constant level in adult.
Those results indicate that girella and goby enhanced markedly their tolerance to Cd in their early juvenile stages, and they had a particular period when this metal was highly concentrated in acute exposure.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Yuji Yamaguchi, Nobuo Hirayama, Atsushi Koike, Hussein Ammar Adam1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 437-443
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aims to obtain a relationship between age and body length of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus, which is of importance in population dynamics research. Spatial changes between the circuli of scales were observed. Narrowly spaced circuli were regarded as rings. It was found that the formation of rings occurred every January. Since Lee's phenomenon was observed on these scales, shrinking rates of rings were calculated. Based on the corrected ring radii using the shrinking rate, the body length at the time of ring formation was backcalculated. From the result, growth curves (von Bertalanffy's equation) for each sex were estimated for the two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
Susumu Shimizu, Teisuke Miura, Yasuo Sasakawa, Katsuaki Nashimoto1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 445-453
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mathematical model to express the fishing process of simplified pole-and-line fishing was made in order to analyze the characteristics of the increase in the number of catch with time. Angling experiments which consisted of fish groups and a pole-and-line with one hook were carriedout so as to consider the suitability of the model. The model was derived on the assumption that feeding activity of fish decreases gradually in the pole-and-line fishing process dependent upon no other factors than the number of times the fish escaped being hooked up. Results of the experiments showed that the increase in the number of catch was represented by connected straight lines like an asymptotic curve. These results supported the suitability of the model, which expressed that the pale-and-lice fishing process consisted of fishing sub-processes and transition of the fishing process produced sequence of the fishing sub-processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Toshihiko Kudo, Naotsune Saga1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 455-459
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper disk method has been applied to surveying genetic markers. Antibiotic susceptibility of microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated using this method. Clear inhibition zones were observed around the antibiotic paper disks of the tetracycline group, macrolide group, aminoglycoside group and others (chloramphenicol, colistin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sul-famethoxazole). The antibiotic susceptibility to tetracycline group and aminoglycoside group were most promising as genetic markers in the organism. This method will be universal applica-tion on algae for simple detection of drug susceptibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (2374K) -
Hideo Yamanoi, Tadashi Oda, Kazuo Ukida1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 461-466
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well-known that the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis cultured for mass seed production of various marine fishes contains bacterial flora which consists principally of Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Moraxella at about 107-108 CFU/g. The rotifers, previously treated with penicillin G and streptomycin, were exposed to bacterial cell suspensions of 10 strains of Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Moraxella isolated from rotifers. The concentration of each test bacteria rapidly reached 107-108 CFU/g in the rotifers exposed to 1.0×108 CFU/ml. But, by changing the seawater every h, the concentration of Pseudomonas, Moraxella, and an unidentified strain decreased from 1.2 ?? 7.1×107 CFU/g to 1.7 ?? 5.2×106 CFU/g after 4h. In additional experiments, it was shown that this decrease was caused mainly by inactivation of the rotifers. On the other hand, the concentration of Vibrio never decreased. It became apparent that Vibrio was different from other bacteria in its affinity or resistance to rotifers. It was considered that the relationship between rotifer and Vibrio was parasitism or commensalism, while that between rotifer and Moraxella-Pseudomonas seemed to be a predator-prey interaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Loel P. Losanes, Ko Matuda, Atsushi Koike1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 467-472
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMatuda's approximate formula for predicting the floatline height of gillnet was modified in estimating the floatline height of trammel net and semi-trammel net. The estimated values were compared with the actual values obtained from a flume tank experiment using a cross-section of actual nets. For trammel net, Matuda's method was applied by modifying the drag coefficient and weight of netting in water. The same modifications were applied to semi-trammel net when the current comes from the direction of the small-meshed net (the net is of a concave shape similar to a trammel net). In the case when the current comes from the direction of large-meshed net of semi-trammel net (the net is of a parabolic shape), the estimated values of the net of concave shape taken from Matuda's modified formula was used to predict the floatline height of the net of parabolic shape through regression estimates. The resulting estimated values were found to be in close agreement with the actual values.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
P. A. Lokabharathi, Shanta Nair, D. Chandramohan1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 473-476
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriogical studies were carried out at an estuarine beach over a period of six months. Maximum density was noted at 1cm depth. Overall 155 isolates were identified into 13 genera. The predominant genus was Coryneforms (22.6%). The isolates were grouped into 43 by 3 digits sorts when profiled numerically. The separation values of the tests were high and thus point out the suitability of the tests for differentiating bacteria from this ecosystem. Maintenance of maxi-mum test difference and higher diversity index at 1cm depth, show that this depth sediment is more suited for studying bacterial variability in tropical estuarine beach.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Tosio Misima, Tetsuo Yokoyama, Kenji Yano, Mutsuyosi Tsuchimoto1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 477-487
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of habitat temperature on the temperature dependence, Michaelis constants (Km), and maxim velocity(Vmax)of myofibrillar Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPase were experimentally studied using carps reared at 10°C(group L)and 30°C(group H)for different lengths of time. The tem-perature dependences of Mf Ca2+-and Mg2+-ATPase rose in both groups L and H with a longer rearing period, although the degree of increase differed for Mf Ca2+-and Mg2+-ATPase. The degree in Mf Ca2+-ATPase was larger in group L than in group H, while the degree in Mf Mg2+-ATPase was smalley in group L than in group H. Km values of both Mf Ca2+-and Mg2+-ATPase were smaller slightly in group L than in group H at reaction temperatures of 5°C to 30°C in the former, and 10 to 20°C in the latter. The Vmax level of Mf Ca2+-ATPase was higher in group L than in group H at 30°C, while the opposite was observed at 10°C. The Vmax level of Mf Mg2+-ATPase, however, was higher in group L than in group H at all reaction temperatures from 5°C to 30°C. We consider that these findings in Mf Mg2+-ATPase indicate the existence of an efficient mechanism for the production of energy in fishes living in low habitat temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Kunio Kobayashi, Rizald Max Rompas, Takako Maekawa, Nobuyoshi Imada, Y ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 489-496
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was performed on the metabolism of fenitrothion(FS)in tiger shrimp Penaeus japonicus at different larval stages to elucidate the cause of the remarkable increase in the toxicity of organo-phosphorothionates to the shrimp larvae with the progress of the stages.
The shrimp larvae(zoea, mysis apd postlarvae)were exposed to 0.5 ppb [14C]FS. After 1.5-12hexposure, [14C]FS and its metabolites accumulated in the larvae were extracted with benzene and then with ethyl ether. The benzene-extracts were determined by TLC and the ethyl ether-extracts were subjected to an enzymatic analysis. Zoea and mysis showed very low FS metabolic activity, and most of the FS absorbed by the larvae was present as FS itself in their bodies. However, their FS metabolic activity increased abruptly with their growth and resulted in an increase in the amount of fenitrooxon which displays extremely high toxicity as compared with FS, accompanying the simultaneous increase in the FS detoxication activity such as demethylation, hydrolysis and conjugation. The occurrence of the remarkable increase in the toxicity of organophosphoro-thionates to tiger shrimp larvae with the progress of the stages is probably due to the increase in the oxidative desulfuration activity, beyond the effect of the detoxication activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Masakatu Yamazawa1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 497-503
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen fish meat sol was underwent heavier heating-load above 100°C of the heating process of kamaboko, the gel strength and the water holding capacity of gels obtained decreased according to the increasing heating-load.
Under the heating condition where the temperature at the center of kamaboko did not exceed 100°C, the higher the heating temperature was, i.e. the higher the heating rate was, the stronger the gel-strength of kamaboko became. Therefore, high temperature heating process (110-130°C) was considered to be rather effective to increase the gel-strength of kamaboko.
Myosin heavy chains were observed by SDS-PAGE analysis to be decomposed on heating above 100°C. The depression of gel strength occuring during the high temperature heating process was accompanied by the decomposition of myosin heavy chain. The gel strength depression was suppressed, however, by introducing pre-heating (suwari) process at around 10-30°C before the regular heating process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1329K) -
Masakatu Yamazawa1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 505-510
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the mechanism of gel-reinforcing effect of starch in kamaboko, changes in physical properties of starch-containing kamaboko gels and structure of starch granules during heating were examined.
Jelly strength of starch-containing kamaboko gels increased with a rise of heating temperature up to 90°C, and vice versa above 100°C. The gel-reinforcing effect of starch at 90°C varied with kind as follows: potato starch>wheat starch ?? orn starch>waxy corn starch≥high-amylose corn starch. This order did not varied, even if the heating temperature was risen to 120°C. The extent of decrease in jelly strength during heating at 120°C in non-starch containing kamaboko was smaller than in starch-containing kamaboko.
A scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that potato starch having relatively strong gel-reinforcing effect was gelatinized thoroughly and swelled up at a heating temperature up to 90°C. The internal parts of the starch granules were observed to be completely disrupted by the heating process at a temperature above l10°C. However, the gel-reinforcing effcet brought about by starch remained even though the temperature of heating process was above 90°C where the structural disruption of starch granules was initiated.
These findings suggested that the gel-reinforcing effect of starch might be largely attributable to concentration of surimi due to water absorption by starch granules.View full abstractDownload PDF (3124K) -
Isao Sugahara, Toshio Kimura, Yasuyuki Nakagawa, Hisayo Kojima, Mikako ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 511-518
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout 5-20% of lytic enzyme-producing bacteria isolated from marine bottom sediments of Japan were able to lyse the living cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis and marine denitrifying Pseudomonas species.
The percentage of the number of spores among sediment bacteriolytic bacteria varied with sediment samples, ranging from 12% to 100%: average about 75%. Sediment bacteria capable of lysing the bacterial cells at 5°C were infrequent in the coastal and pelagic areas of Japan, compared to those capable of lysing the cells at 20-25°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Ryuji Kondo, Hideo Kitada, Akira Kawai, Yoshihiko Hata1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 519-523
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalytical procedure using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of volatile and non-volatile fatty acids in marine sediments was examin-ed. The fatty acids were extracted from marine sediments by modified Miyoshi's method. Using Shimadzu gel SCR-101H column on HPLC system, low molecular fatty acids were identified clearly.
The above procedure for the fatty acìds analyses was applied to the sediments of Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi Prefecture. Acetate, formate, propionate, and lactate were detected. Acetate was found in the highest concentration (7.1-29.6μmol/g dry sediment), followed by formate (2.5-11.0μmol/g dry sediment). Only trace amount of propinate was found regardless of season and depth of sediments, while lactate was detected only in the surface sediments during warmer seasons. No fatty acids were detected in the interstitial water. In general, the concentration of fatty acids in the sediments decreased with increasing depth. The concentration of fatty acids was closely correlated with that of carbohydrates in the sediments.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
Munehiko Tanaka, Shunji Sugita, Wen-Kuei Chiu, Yuji Nagashima, Takeshi ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 525-530
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of water activity on the development of antioxidative effect by the Maillard non-enzymatic browning reaction between histidine and glucose in the presence of microcrystalline cellulose was examined. The formation of brown pigment during the Maillard reaction increased as water activity of the model system decreased and initial rates of color formation reaction at 120°C were about twice those at 100°C regardless of water activity. Furthermore the initial rate of antioxidative effect development was found to increase with decreasing water activity. Maillard reaction products thus prepared was applied to the production of kamaboko-type sardine productas an antioxidant and the oxidation of sardine lipids was effectively inhibited durìng storage at 4°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Katsuji Morioka, Yutaka Shimizu1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 531-536
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish an objective measurement of textural quality of kamaboko, a fish jelly product in Japan, relations between mechanical parameters obtained by a puncture test and sensory scores for texture of different kinds of kamabokos were examined.
“Toughness” score and “firmness” score of kamaboko were closely related to the product of breaking force (Fmax) and breaking dent (dmax) and to the ratio of Fmax to dmax, respectively. No relationship was observed between “quality” score and those mechanical parameters, but the shape of force-dent curve was related to the quality score. Kamabokos whose force-dent ourves were almost straight or slightly curved were mostly of good quality. On the other hand, kamabokos that showed concaved force-dent curves were of poor quality, except for those of Odawara type. The shape of the force-dent curve was affected by leaching and pre-incubation treatment before heating process, but was not much affected by the addition of water or starch.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Yasuo Makinodan, Masao Hujita1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 537-542
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdditives such as mushroom and ginger are often mixed with fish meat paste to lend variety to Kamaboko. In this case, it has been inferred that a proteinase existing in additives affects the texture of Kamaboko. Therefore, we ascertained whether the addition of ginger or pickled ginger (beni shouga) to fish meat paste exerts an influence on the texture of the product by the action of the proteinase, by using electrophoresis and the measurement of gel strength. The addition of slivers of ginger to fish meat paste caused the degradation of myofibrillar proteins such as myosin heavy chain, actin, tropomyosin and troponin-T and the decrease of the gel strength of Kamaboko. Such effects were not observed by the use of heated ginger. Similar tendencies were also obtained when the enzyme solution from ginger was mixed with the fish paste. These results show that fish meat (paste) proteins were hydrolyzed by the proteinase exuded from slivers of ginger to cause the textural degradation of Kamaboko. On the other hand, the addition of pickled ginger had no effect on the protein hydrolysis, nor on the decrease of the gel srength of Kamaboko.View full abstractDownload PDF (1695K) -
Yoshiharu Matsumiya1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 543
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (112K) -
Hiroshi Hirahara, Munehiko Tanaka, Yuji Nagashima, Takeshi Taguchi1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 545
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (87K) -
Hiroshi Hirahara, Munehiko Tanaka, Yuji Nagashima, Takeshi Taguchi1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 547
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (113K) -
Reiji Yoshinaka, Kenji Sato, Mamoru Sato, Hiroshi Anbe1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 549
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (131K) -
Seiichi Ando, Hirohito Kodama, Mutsuo Hatano1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 551
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (113K) -
Seiichi Ando, Mutsuo Hatano1990 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 553
Published: March 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (102K)
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