All issues
Volume 15, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
M. Kawaziri1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 103-108
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout 11-12 thousands marine fry of “Ayu” Plecoglossus altivelis T & S) were reared since 9th April in fish-culture pond, area 56m2, daily were given food 9-10 times a day which were mixed with chiefly borley 20-50%, rice-bran 20%, silkworm pupa 25-30%, sardin 30-60%, and shrimp 0-25%, grinded down with masticator. At beginning the ration increased according to the rising ofthe water temperature, but when the temperature at over, 21°C (at 4 pm) the ration decreased, and the temperature falls the ration increased again. The ration were 5% (dry weight) to the fish weight at beginning, then for a time 7-8%, and shortry after decended to 3-2%. 10 fishes were mesured weight 1-2 times per month, they grew in slowly as S type curve as general fish, and the fishes were catched 9879 in number, and 893kg by weight at the last in September.
On the maltiplication of “Ayu” in Tikuma River, in 4 years from 1939, the mean survival rate is 50-60%, mean product 577kg per 10 thousands fry, but it was needed about 440 fishermen to catch them.
After all that though the pond fish culture of “Ayu” need much foods, but also this is eertainly better the ratio of survival, and product, and less lahour to catch these fishes in comparison with fish-trap, cast-net or angling in river.
So, if there is no space much more maltiply of “Ayu” in river, because of the fall of water for hydro-electric power plant, or of the dangers from overstocking it will be better depends, indeed, upon culture them in pond, to increase the product of fish, than to release the fry on an unprotected ground of river.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
S. MURAKAMI, S. SHINDO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 109-113
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present is based on the measurements of the flying-fish, Cypserulus agoo (Temminck fi Schlegel), carried out at Tomioka from May to June in 1947. The fishing season of this species is nearly extending from the middle of May to the latter part of June at the said districts. It measures from 170mm to 290mm in body length, being thickly distributed between 180mm and 210mm. But we can not separate some groups from the composition of body length. The body weight shows slso a similar composition to the former in bearing one mode, and we can not recognize some different groups from this.
The average numbers of vertebrae, dosal and caudal fin rays for each group are as follows; namely the first is 45.07±0.1337 (S. E.) ?? 45.69±0.1229, the second 12.90±0.1185 ?? 13.11±0.0743 and the third 9.13±0.0735 ?? 9.33±0.1077.
The fatness, ƒ(=W/L3×1000: W, body weight in g ; L, bodp length in cm), shows a renge from 12.4 to 20.4 in male and from 13.7 to 19.7 in female. Its mean values of those individuals, which are contained within a range from 190mm to 19.7 in female. Its mean values of those individuals, which are contained within a range from 180mm to 210mm in body length, are 16.2 in male and 16.9 in female, the letter being somewhat higher than the former. Then we calculated the values of k and n of each group, which are indicators in a formula, W=kLn (W, body weight in g; L, body length in mm), and got the following results; namely, in male, k lies from 1.04×10-4 to 6.47×10-4. and n varies from 2.297 to 2.643, while in female, k is within a range from 2.93×10-11 to 1.15×10-3 and n is extending from 2.154 ao 5.500. Further, we computed the value of log k for each indvidual, making n equal to 2.481 in male, an average value of total groups and 2.529 in female, a value obtaimed from total individuals, and made its frequency curve for each sex separately. As a result of this, it shows nearly a normal curve in male, while in female, it bears two peeks. Moreover, it is recognizable that log k somewhat increases in value in both male and female, as the season advances.
Measuring the weight of gonad, the testes are distributed almost normally, while the ovaries are divided into two groups which differ in the degree of maturity. Comparing the yalue of log k of the weight of gonad, the former becomes more or xess enlarged in both sexes, as the latter increases. Further, we computed the value of log k', an indicater of body weight except the gonad, by a similar method to that of log k', and compared it with the latter. In male, log k' increases in value with the increment of log k, while en female, the former decreases in value, when the latter becomes over -4.300.
Sex ratio of each group ( ?? ) varies from 0.27 to 0.66, and is low in value at the middle of the season. The standard deviation of body length of each group (σ) ranges from 0.60 to 1.20, being higher in value at the beginning and the end of the season than at the middle of that. Moreover, σ becomes larger in value, as the body increses in length.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
S. MURAKAMI, S. SHINDO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 114-117
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present papar is based on the measurements of Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, carried out at Tomioka, Amakusa, from September in 1946 to February in 1948. The fishing season of the said species is extending from January or February to October or November at the mentioned districts. It measures from 40mm to 120mm in total length, but it does not increase in size uniformly according to the advancement of the season.
Judging from the degree of maturity of gonad, the spawning season of this species seems to be twice in a year around Amakusa, one corresponding to the latter part of May, while the other to the beginning of November.
The average number of vertebrae for each group (containing a urostyle) is whithin a range from 44.93±0.0774 (S. E.) to 45.68±0.1060. Further, it shows a minimum in April, while it becomes maximum in July.
The coefficient of variability of to ?? al length, C (=σ×100/M; M, mean total length in mm; σ standard deviation), indicates a rather complicated seasonal variation, but it becomes minimum twice during the season, namely in the beginning of May and in the latter paat of August.
The values of k and n in a formula, W=kLn (W, body weight in g; L, total, length in mm), are 1.75×10-6 and 3, 267 respectively. When n is made equal to 3.267, the value of k for each group is whithin a range from 1.46×10-6 to 2.10×10-6. Such a value of k bears some relation to the total length, being low between 80mm and 90mm. Further, it shows a seasonal variation, being high in March and October, while low in July. This seasonal variation of k is considered to be mainly affected by the maturation of gonad or spawning.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
S. MURAKAMI, S. SHINDO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 118-121
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThough the Japanese sardine, Sardinia melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel), has been closely reserched by several authors, that of the west coast of Kyusyu has not yet been dealt with satisfactority. Therefore, we observed this fish at Tomioka, Amakusa, from September in 1946 to February in 1948, to make clear its some biological characteristics.
The fishing season of the said fish is extending from April or May to November at the mentioned districts. It measures from 60mm to over 160mm in total length, most of the catch belonging to O-age group. The average number of vertebrae for each group ranges from 50.29±0.0580 (S. E.) to 50.65±0.0348 (containing a urostyle). Comparing it with those of the other districts in Japan, it is a rather low in value.
The coefficient of variability of total length, C (=σ×100/M; M, average, to ?? al length in mm; σ, standard deviation), lies from 3.36 to 17.45. We can not recognize a clear relation between total length and C, but the seasonal variation of C is rather distinct, showing a minimum from the latter part of July to the middle of August.
The yalues of k and n in a formula, W=kLn (W, body weight in g; L, total length in mm), are 1.97×10-6 and 3.269 respectively. When n is made equal to 3.269, the value of k for each group lies from 1.71×10-6 to 2.44×10-6. Such a value of k bears a close relation to the total length as far as we observed, being maximum at 100mm in total length. Further it varies according to the advancement of the season, showing a minimum in the latter part of July. We consider that its seasonal variation is strongly affected by that of total length.View full abstractDownload PDF (239K) -
S. MURAKAMI, S. SHINDO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 122-124
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present work was carried out at Tomioka from September in 1946 to February in 1948 to make clear some biological charaeteristics of the round-herring, Etrumeus micropus (Temminck & Schlegel), fished around Amakusa. The appearance of the said fish is very long at Tomioka, but its main fishing season is after July. The catch measures mostly from 30mm to 150mm in total length, but some of those, which were caught in September and October, reach over 170mm to 200mm.
The average number of vertebrae for each group lies from 53.71±0.0368 (S. E.) to 54.04±0.0552, and varies according to the advancement of the season, showing a maximum at the latter part of July and a minimun in that of September.
The coefficient of variability of total length is from 4.74 to 21.94 in a range, and becomes nearly minimum, when the average number of vertebrae is maximum or minimum.
Further, we computed the values of k and n in a formula, W=kLn (W, body weight in g; L, total length in mm), and obtained 2.15×10-6 and 3.251, respectively. Then, we calculated the value of k for each group, making n egual to 3.251, and got 1.96×10-6-2.37×10-6. Such a value of k indicates a seasonal variation, becoming minimum in August. This variation of k is comsidered to be closely related to that of total length.View full abstractDownload PDF (185K) -
ITSUO KUBO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 125-130
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (280K) -
T. OYA, N. GEJO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 131-133
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of the temperature and time of extraction of the fish skin on the melting point and jelly strength of the gelatin obtained.
The results of these experiments are shown in Tab. 1 and 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (151K) -
T. OYA, C. OGINO1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 134-136
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical composition and some physicochemical properties were studied on the body fluid which flow out from the body of Meretrix meretrix, Paphia philippinarum and Mactra sulcataria when the shells were removed.
Each the liquid taken from the shells given above containes no taurine but betaine, and three kinds of picrates were isolated from monoaminofraction.
The picrate deeived from Paphia is identical with oxyproline picrate. The melting point of picrates from Meretrix and Mactra is 260-262°C, 260°C, and nitrogene content 17.1%, 20.8%, respectively. The melting point of benzoyl deriva ive of the matter taken out from the picrate of Mactra is 172-173°C, and ninhydrine reaction assumed a deep blue violet colour.View full abstractDownload PDF (194K) -
S. ARASAKI1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 137-143
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large quantity of Enteromorpha and Monostroma is produced in Ise-and Mikawa-Bay. Some of them are used as food called “AONORI”, among whom Monstroma is most u eful. There are two species of Menostroma in this district, i.e., named in Japanese HITOEGUSA (M. nitidum ?) and HIROHANO-HITOEGUSA (M. latissimum ?). The life-histories of the both species were traced in details, and the result which had been discovered by Dr. H. Kunieda (1934) was verified. Moreover, the ecological p ?? operties of the algae were studied. In some places Monostroma are cultivated by means of settling twigs, bamboo-twigs or nets made of palm-, hemp-palm- or straw-yarn in the sea in autumn. The culture period goes on from October till June of the next year. From the view-points of the ecological studies, the more scientifical culture methods were suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
M. YAMADA, Y. OBATA1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 144-146
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was tested to use the meat of the cuttle fish (Ommastreplies sloani pacificus STEENSTRUP) as the wood sticking matter. The results showed that the use of cuttle fish gives a good sticking matter, which is practically useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (128K) -
Y. Obata, M. Iida, K. Naito, M. Yanase1949 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 147-151
Published: July 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the process of manufacturing works of preservative victuals from aquatic products, the most important problem is how to prevent the decrease, of freshness of raw materials. Forthis purpose it seems to be the best prosedure to utilize the smoked licuid which has an antiseptic action as well as a property to improve a bad smell, so we have carried out a test of practical. use of Pyroligenous liquid.
The quantity and quality of Pyroligenous liquid obtained by dry distillation from the saw-dust and pulp of the following timbers produc ?? e in Hokkaido were investigated: Picea jezoen ?? is, Carr., Abies Mariasii, Mast., Phellodendron amurense, Rupr., Fraxinus mandshurica, Rupr., Ulmus japonica, Sarg., Kalop anax ricinifolium, Miq. var. typisum Nakai., Tilia japonmica, Simk., Betnla japonica, Sieb., Fagus Sieboldi, Endl., Quercus serrata, Thunb (Q. glandulifera Blume, ) Quercus crispala, Blume (Q. groaseserrata Blume) Acer palmatum, Tlunb. Alnus ?? inctoria, Sargv var. glabra Call., Ostrga japomica Sarg. Acer picturn, Thunb. var. typicum, Graf v. Schw. subv. cupictum, Pax. The results of our study are summerized as follows. The liquid obtained by the dry distillation from the needle-leaf trees (soft timber, ) are inferior in both quality and quantity to that obtained from the broad-leaved trees (hard timbers), being rich in turpentine and resin, and having dirty black color and astringent taste.
In the decolorizing capacity of the residue derived from the dry distillation of saw-dust too, the hard timber are much superior to the soft ones. The preservative capacity of the pyroligeaous liquid has not much durability but maintains its efficiency for 4-5 days at 20-24°C, while the control keeps only one day long. When salt is added in the proportion of 10% to the smoked liquid diluted at the rate of 1/10, the liquid maintains its preservative efficiency for 7 days and brings about much better taste and fl ?? v ?? r than the orig ?? nal liquid does.
For the purpose of the removal of formaldehyde out of the smoked liquid which was obtained by dry distillotion from the root of pine, it is most effective to boil the liquid for 10 minutes with the adding of potassium permanganate is the proport on of 1%.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|