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Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Masatosi SINODA, Sumonta INTONG1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObserved regularities in the size frequency distribution of S. undosquamis collected from the inner Gulf of Thailand were assumed by the von Beralanffy growth equation. There appeared to be two prominent groups in the size distribution, one of which was a mixture of two subgroups with difference of mean size. Two substantial reruitments into catchable stock were found every March-April and November-December. The time from birth to recruitment in November-December was approximated to be 1.2 years and the other group which hatched 6 months earlier and recruited in March-April. The existence of heterogeneous group occuring during the months November-next February was implied to be due to relatively long spawning period (more than 3 months) before the recruitment period of about 1.2 years.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Analytical Solutions of Equation of Motion of GearKo MATUDA, Nobuo SANNOMIYA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 7-13
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper gives a theoretical basis for the optimum design of a bottom drift net adapted to the various environmental conditions. A perturbation method is used for obtaining an approximate analytical solution of a nonlinear two-point boundary value problem which arises from the motion of the bottom drift net. The solution obtained is further improved, in a least squares sense, by using the numerical results obtained by computer simulation. Consequently, the moving speed and the shape of the gear are determined by simple formulas.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Germination of Pythium porphyrae OosporesYuji FUJITA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 15-19
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen oospores of P. porphyrae S2 obtained from the culture of corn meal agar were in-cubated in 50% sea water or on semi-solid nutrient medium, the germination of oospores took place by producing zoospores in a vesicle formed by migration of protoplasmic contents of the oospore through a germ-tube. The percentage of germination was higher on nutrient medium such as glucose-nitrate agar, FULLER et al.'s agar or corn meal agar than on sea water agar. The optimal range for germination of oospores was 15-22°C in temperature and 20-60% sea water concentration, and even under such optimal conditions the percentage of germination was less than 20%. Generally, most of thick-walled oospores did not germinate. Since the symptom of red rot appeared on the frond of Porphyra yezoensis in the infection test using oospores as inocula, the zoospores produced by germination of oospores may function as the unit of primary infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
Riich KUSUDA, Kenji KAWAI, Yasuhiko JO, Tomoharu AKIZUKI, Minoru FUKUN ...1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 21-25
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficacy of four kinds of oral vaccine for control of vibriosis in cultured ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) was investigated. Nutrient broth inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in ayu, was incubated with shaking. Cells were harvested and inactivated with formalin. The bacterine thus prepared was ultrasonicated, heated or mixed with Freund incomplete adjuvant. These four kinds of vaccine were administered at a level of 0.4g wet weight of cells per kg body-weight per day. The efficacy of vaccination was tested by exposing fish to the bacteria discharged from artificially infected ayu.
The formalin-killed bacterine and formalin-killed and ultrasonicated becterine were highly effective, but production of antibody in the blood was not observed. The heated bacterinealso was effective when administered at a level of 4.0g. Administration of formalin-killed bacterine at a level of 4.0g for more than 2 weeks resulted in low mortality of about 10% in contrast to about 90% for the controls. This efficacy of vaccination was maintained for four weeks, and when booster was administered it was prolonged further. Though many antigens were contained in the bacterine, heat resistant antigens were considered to play an important role in protection against vibrio infetion.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Mamoru OHNISHI, Takahide TSUCHIYA, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 27-37
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the mechanism of denaturation of fish muscle proteins during frozen storage, kinetic analysis of the rate of decrease in the solubility of the proteins was undertaken. Actomyosin solution isolated from carp muscle was frozen stored at various conditions of protein concentration, ionic strength, and pH, and the change of protein solubility was studied kinetically. Electron microscopic observations were also carried out to obtain information regarding changes in the shape of the actomyosin filaments.
At pH 7.0, no single first order rate was found, but a two staged change consisting of two first order rate processes was illustrated regardless of the protein concentration and ionic strength. However, the mode of change varied depending on the pH. At a pH below 7.0, the change followed two staged process, while, at a pH above 7.5, it occurred in four successive stages, each of which was of a first order expression. From the results, three possible mechanisms have been proposed for the freeze denaturation of actomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (3007K) -
Tateo FUJII, Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 39-43
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe TMA-utilizing ability of molds grown on fish muscle homogenates stored with or without salt under low temperature was examined. Two strains of Penicillium (F2 and F4) which grew on the salted fish muscle homogenates as the dominant strains utilized TMA, but 2 strains of Mucor and Fungi-imperfecti (F1 and F3) which were isolated from the homogenates without salt did not. Strain F2 grew well in CZAPECK's medium which was prepared to contain 5 mg TMA-N/100ml as the sole source of nitrogen in place of NaNO3. Intact mycelia of strain F2 showed the TMA utilizing activity after a lag period.
Among 23 authentic strains of molds, 8 of the 11 strains of Penicillium, 1 of the 8 strains of Aspergillus, and none of the Rhizopus, Mucor, Citromyces and Alternaria strains utilized TMA.
Based on the data obtained, the reasons why the amount of TMA produced in the salted fish muscle homogenates stored at low temperature did not exceed the threshold value of spoilage (3.0-3.8 mg-N/100g) were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Tateo FUJII1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe microbial flora of the kusaya brine was studied in samples obtained from manufacturers in Niijima and Oshima Islands. The classification of bacteria at the genus level was performed on 144 strains from Niijima Island and 107 strains from Oshima Island. No significant difference in the bacterial flora was observed between these brines, though molds were isolated only from Niijima samples. Bacteria of genus Corynebacterium (about 56% of total isolates) which formed minute colonies on nutrient agar plate were the most predominant in the brine followed by bacteria of genus Pseudomonas (about 22-37% of total isolates). As the characteristic organisms in the brine, bacteria of genus Spirillum were isolated from all samples in small numbers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1812K) -
Chinkichi OGINO, Colin B. COWEY, Jiing-Yum CHIOU1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 49-52
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nutritional quality of a leaf protein concentrate (LPC) prepared from rye grass was investigated by feeding experiments with carp and rainbow trout. The feeding experiments were carried out with diets in which the protein component consisted of either LPC or casein alone or with various combinations of these materials. Digestibility of the LPC was high (86%) and the digestibility of the protein in diets containing both LPC and casein was generally greater than 90%. Values for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) of LPC, determined in experiments of 15 days' duration(carp) and 17 days' duration (rainbow trout), were also relatively high and were clearly improved by combination with casein. In particular, higher PER and NPU values were obtained with carp given a diet containing a mixture of LPC (43% of total protein) and casein (57% of total protein) than when either protein was fed singly. Relatively good growth rates of carp given diets containing LPC were maintained in experiments lasting 40 days. The experiments with rainbow trout demonstrated that at least 40% of the dietary casein may be replaced with LPC without reduction in PER, NPU or growth rates.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
A Comparison of the Mullet Intestinal Microflora in Fresh and Sea Water.Aleya HAMID, Taizo SAKATA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 53-57
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine the changes in microflora in the intestine of the gray mullet Mugil cephalus, an amphidromous fish with an undeveloped stomach, under different conditions. Samples were taken from fishes kept sequentially in fresh water, then in a half fresh and half sea water mixture, then in sea water, again in half fresh and half sea water, and finally returned to fresh water. The intestinal bacterial flora of the mullet in fresh water were composed primarily of Enterobacter, Bacillus, and Micrococcus. When the mullets were transferred to sea water, however, the flora changed; the dominant genera were Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas. After the return to fresh water the microflora consisted of only one genus, Enterobacter, the predominant one usually found in fishes from fresh water. The other bacterial genera did not appear to survive the transition through the water changes used.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Fuyuo OHTA, Koyo TANAKA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 59-62
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe muscle fluids of fish which had just died and of fresh fish on the market were used. The liquid and solid portions were separated from the muscle fluid of the frozen state at -5° or -10°C, and the properties of both portions were investigated. 1) In the case of white-meat fish, the pH value of the liquid portion dropped compared with the original muscle fluid, while the pH value of the solid portion rose conspicuously. However, in the case of red-meat fish, the above difference was hardly observed or was quite small. 2) The concentrations of inorganic components in the liquid portion were in the following order: K>P>Na>Cl>Mg>Ca, and all amounted to about 2 to 3 times those in the original muscle fluid. 3) The water acivity of the liquid portion was found to be smaller than that of the original fluid, while its buffer capacity became larger. The relation of the properties of the liquid portion in the frozen fish muscle to its deteriorative changes during storage is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
Fuyuo OHTA, Tetsuo YAMADA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 63-66
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe denaturation of actomyosin due to freezing in buffer phosphates was investigated by means of measurement of its solubility, ATPase activity, and viscosity, and was compared with the case in chlorides.
1) In both the buffer of K2- and Na1 phosphates and the buffer of K2- and K1 phosphates, actomyosin was not entirely denatured when it was frozen. It was only slightly denatured in Na2- and K1 phosphates buffer, whereas it was denatured markeldy in Na2- and Na1 phosphates, NaCl, and KCl. The particular denaturation in the buffer of Na2- and Na1 salts was attributed to the acidification of the solution resulting from the eutectic crystallization of the Na2 salt. 2) Actomyosin in KCl was more unstable when it was frozen in a solution of relatively high ionic strength, while that in K2- and Na1 phosphates was quite stable, irrespective of ionic strength. 3) The stability of the protein to freezing in the mixture of phosphate and KCl was affected by the relative concentrations of both salts.View full abstractDownload PDF (187K) -
Hiro KOKURYO, Nobuo SEKI1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 67-70
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method for differentiating between species of dried fish sticks (fushi) was devised. Myosin light chains and tropomyosin were found to be good indices for this purpose.
1. Proteins containing the myosin light chains were extractable from fushi as well as from raw fish fillets with 1% SDS-8M urea -1% 2-mercaptoethanol at pH 7.2. Since a particular pattern of the myosin light chains on the electrophoretogram was characteristic of each species and was practically unaltered by the processing of the fillets, it was possible to identify the fish species.
2. Tropomyosin prepared from skipjack (katsuo) showed a single band, while that from mackerel (saba) showed double bands, with molecular weight in the 37, 000 range, on the SDS-polyacrylamide gels, regardless of whether the tropomyosins were obtained from fushi or from the raw fish fillets with 0.4M MgCl2. Katsuo- and saba-fushi were distinguished using this difference of tropomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1323K) -
Nobuo SEKI, Eiji HASEGAWA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 71-75
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTroponins were extracted from the myofibrils of white lateral muscles of six species of fishes with low ionic strength solution. They were partially purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate and separated from tropomyosin at pH 4.5 in 0.4M LiCl.
Most of the preparations showed four major protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms. Two components with molecular weights of 30, 000 and 43, 000 were found in all of the preparations. The 43, 000 component was removed from the preparations by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The other two components having lower molecular weights differed in size with fish species.
Each of carp, big eye tuna, tilapia, rainbow trout, and mackerel troponins formed a functional complex with carp tropomyosin and conferred full calcium sensitivity on Mg2+-ATPase of desensitized carp actomyosin. Carp tropomyosin could replace the other fish tropomyosin. This lack of species specificity provides evidence for the essential similarity of the regulatory proteins in teleost muscles.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Hiroshi OHSHIMA, Toshiharu KAWABATA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 77-81
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe kinetics of nitrosation of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylaminoxide (TMAO) to give N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been studied. The nitrosation rates of TMA and TMAO when determined at 100°C in sealed tubes gave maximum values at about pH 3, while at temperatures lower than 75°C the pH profiles of the nitrosation of these compounds were similar to those occurring in alkylamides. The initial reaction rate of NDMA formation from TMAO determined at pH 3.0 and 25°C was found to be in proportion to the TMAO and nitrite concentrations, not to the square of nitrite concentration. In contrast, the rates of NDMA formation from TMA and TMAO when reacted at pH 3.0 and 100°C in sealed tubes were found to be proportional to the square and cube of the nitrite concentrations respectively. These results may strongly suggest that NDMA formation at higher temperatures involves the oxidative cleavage of tertiary amine to produce secondary amine (dimethylamine, DMA) which may react with nitrite to form NDMA. On the other hand, at lower temperatures, NDMA may be formed from TMA or TMAO through a pathway not forming DMA.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Accumulation of Lutein in the IntegumentMasahiro HATA, Mitsuo HATA1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 83-84
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe administration of lutein to fancy red carp resulted in a yellowish pigmentation of the white part of the integument. The yellow pigment of the white part was identified as lutein in its free form. Lutein was accumulated in the red part in ester form and in the white part in free form. This is the first reported example of mosaic accumulation of lutein in the integument.View full abstractDownload PDF (135K) -
Tadashi SAKAI, Hiroshi DAWAZU1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 85
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (81K) -
Naotsune SAGA, Takuji UCHIDA, Yoshio SAKAI1978 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 87
Published: January 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1076K)
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