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Volume 47, Issue 10
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Akira OUCHI, Haruyoshi TAKAYAMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1275-1279
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the northern part of Hiroshima Bay, periodical observations aimed at forecasting a red tide have been carried out 10-15 times per year over the five month period from May to September ever since 1976. This study used the principal component analysis based on the observational data of surface water.
The six environmental factors of each observation station, namely, water temperature, salinity, DTP, DIN, DON and PON could be summarized into three scores with only 27% loss of information. Therefore, the distribution of stations can be shown fairly well in a three-dimensional space defined by the first three principal components (I-III). Among the six variables, TDP and DIN are highly correlated with component I, both salinity and PON with component II, and the water temperature with component III. In plotting the scores in three-dimensional space, only the scores from stations where a red tide occurred in the past were used (together with the current scores from the latest observation stations). In this way we can obtain a map similar to a weather map: “a red tide map”.
This map shows that the stations where red tides have occurred are distributed around a limited area (“a red tide zone”). When the latest observation stations are tide map is drawn up after every observation, we can judge whether a minor red tide will develop into a major one or not. So far this method has been very useful for predicting of red tides in Hiroshima Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Daiku K. SAKAI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1281-1288
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUpon the preparation of lymphocytes from fishes, peripheral lymphocytes were effectively separated from the blood of rainbow trout and goldfish by the following density gradient centri-fugation system: the most effectual density gradient was a stratified 12%-15%-18%-20%(w/v) Ficoll-MEM system when the blood samples were centrifuged at 100×g for 40min at 15°C. Lympho-cytes accumulated exclusively in the 18% Ficoll layer, whereas erythrocytes and other leukocytes distributed to the 20% Ficoll layer in this Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes obtained from the 18% Ficoll layer demonstrated a typically morphological characters of small lymphocyte. The yield rate and viability of lymphocyte from the peripheral blood of rainbow trout were 70-80% and 98%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1887K) -
Chikare KITAJIMA, Yasuo TSUKASHIMA, Shiro FUJITA, Takeshi WATANABE, YA ...1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1289-1294
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lordosis frequently observed in hatchery-reared red sea bream, a big problem in the seed production in Japan, is known to be induced in the fish with uninflated swim bladders.
Rearing experiments were conducted to determine whether the abnormally developed swim bladders were due to failure in gulping air at the water surface.
One tank was sealed with a layer of liquid paraffin and the other with open surface served as a control. Over 90% of the larvae had normal swim bladders at around 7th day after initial feeding (4.2mm in total length) in the control, whereas none was in the sealed tank.
On the other hand, the lordosis began to appear at around 40th day after hatching in the fish with uninflated swim bladder and more than 90% of the fish showed characteristic lodosis at the end of the feeding trial of 120 days.
Thus, it has been shown that gulping air at the water surface is essential for the initial swim bladder inflation and that the uniflation is closely related to the development of lordotic deformity. The relationship between the nutritional quality of rotifers or rearing conditions such as aeration and swim bladder inflation is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Yuichiro YAMAGUCHI, Koji MURABAYASHI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1295-1298
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA research was made into the fish-luring effect of flotsam using the fishing records of the purse-seine boat operating on the sea near New Guinia. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1) T-shows that a moderately-aged flotsam with fouling animals has the best luring effect, a rotted one comes next, and a fresh one has the worst luring effect.
2) The fish-luring effect of flotsam drifting alone is better than that of assembled flotsam in current-boundary.
3) Flotsam with small bait fish or sea birds has a better luring effect than one without them.
4) It is estimated that a moderately-aged flotsam with fouling animals will lure 0.5-18.3 tons of fish per day.View full abstractDownload PDF (254K) -
Yoshirou WATANABE1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1299-1307
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ability to ingest protein molecules by the intestinal cells of larval or juvenile fishes was investigated with five teleost species; Oncorhynchus masou, Hypomesus olidus, Cottus nozawae, Tilapia nilotica, and Carasius auratus, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker substance. Histological characteristics of the intestine were also described. The intestine of all fishes examined was divided into the anteromedian intestine and the rectum on the basis of morphological and functional characteristics of the epithelial cells. The columnar cells of the anteromedian intestine showed the cytoplasm deeply stained with hematoxylin. The supranuclear region in the columnar cells of the rectum was characterized by the extensive chromophobic (O. masou, H. olidus), or vacuolated (C. nozawae, T. nilotica, C. auratus), appearance . HRP ingestion was found only in the rectal cells. Ingested HRP was accumulated forming granules in the supranuclear area of the rectal cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (3290K) -
Riichi KUSUDA, Akihiro SUGIYAMA, Kenji KAWAI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1309-1315
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn ayu Plecoglossus altivelis fish farms throughout the country, the outbreak of streptococcicosis has recently become a problem especially to fish culturists and investigators. In this paper which deals with the investigation, infected ayu samples were collected periodically from the ponds of a farm, and the incidence of streptococcicosis and vibriosis were exmined with the lapse of time. Infiuence of medication on the outbreak of both diseases and mortality of the infected fish were investigated.
The result shows that the outbreak of streptococcicosis and vibriosis does not occur simultaneously in every pond. In one case, treatment with a dose of suppressive drugs of vibrioses shows increase in the outbreak of streptococcicosis, but decrease in vibriosis. On the other hand, after a dose of suppressive drugs of streptococcicosis was applied, the vibriosis spread increasingly while the streptococcicoses decreased in each pond.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Shigeo HAYASE, Syoiti TANAKA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1317-1322
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInter-specific relations concerning three species of embiotocid fishes, Ditrema viridis, Ditrema temmincki and Neoditrema ransonneti, in the Zostera belt of Odawa Bay are discussed in the present paper. From the seasonal changes in fish fauna appearing in the Zostera belt, the utilization of the Zostera belt as a habitat of fishes was examined. D. viridis and d. temmincki are members of year-round residents and N. ransonneti is one of the seasonal residents. The O+ age group of D. viridis and D. temmincki have high probability to come into contact with other year-round residents, especially Rudarius ercodes, which occur frequently in the cath and are predominant in the Zostera belt. These fishes tend to reduce competition for the same food resources by6 means of different seasonal population fluctuation or segregation of microhabitat. The O+ age of N. ransonneti mainly use the Zostera belt as a spawning or nursery ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Masaru NAKAMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1323-1327
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS11-Ketotestosterone at a dose of 200 μg/g diet was administered to fry of Tilapia mossambica daily for 19 days from 7 to 25 days after hatching, and the effects on gonadal sex differentiation were examined histologically.
The treatment caused a masculinization of the gonad in most treated fish. Cysts of young oocytes together with gonial germ cells occurred in affected gonads of presumed genetic females at the end of treatment. However, these oocytes were retarded in development and degenerated thereafter. These gonads could develop into testes which had many spermatogenetic germ cells and efferent ducts. On the other hand, gonads of possible genetic males continued to develop into structurally defined testes as those of control fish under the influence of 11-ketotestosterone.
It is concluded from these results that 11-ketotestosterone is effective in directing gonadal sex differentiation toward males in Tilapia mossambica, and that the period from 7 to 25 days after hatching, during which morphological sex differentiation of the gonad occurs and proceed, includes the critical stage for inducing gonadal masculinization by exogenous androgen.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Tooru YONEMORI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1329-1334
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the author reported on a method to measure towing power of fish. It was found that a fish on which towing power measurement is being performed must overcome drag force as well as towing load.
In the present paper, methods for drag measurement were explained and the drag power was calculated. Then, towing power and drag power of a fish were combined together in a diagram. The diagram will be available not only for the estimation of maximum free swimming speed of fishes, but also for the revaluation of validity of the drag measurements.
Through the measurement at relatively rapid stream in running water, live fishes showed rather higher drag than freshly killed fishes.
These drag increments were considered effect of mouth opening action and operation of fins to keep body stability. Moreover, in even a fins-amputed fish, it was observed that postures of twisting or bending body caused a higher drag.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Tooru YONEMORI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1335-1339
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is considered that the swimming power of fishes must be affected by several environmental factors. In this study, physiological responses of fishes against water temperature were estimated by using values of their towing power output.
Effect of the temperature were investigated about the water in which fishes had been reared and the water in which power measurements were performed.
Two groups of rainbow trout as a typical cold water fish had been acclimated for a month in a temperature of 12°C for and 19°C.
Tiapia was regarded as a warm water fish and organized into three groups. Each group was reared at 20°C, 26°C and 32°C, and towing power measurement was performed once a week at each of the three rearing temperatures. The highest towing power out put occurred at 12°C for rainbow trout, and at 26°C for tilapia.
These were considered the significant temperatures for each species, and these temperatures might be optimum for their physiological conditions.
Lastly, a consideration was explained to investigate dynamical problems in the performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Nobukazu SHIBATA, Kunisuke NAKAMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1341-1345
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFresh Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was stroed under various conditions. Adenosine nucleotides in fresh, cold-, and frozen stored samples were extracted with cold 6% perchloric acid solution on board. The neutralized extracts were analyzed by chromatography and an enzymatic method.
In the tail meat of the krill, guanosine triphosphate breakdown products were detected together with adenosine triphosphate(ATP). Post-mortem degradation of ATP in the tail meat of krill proceeded along the following main route: ATP→adenosine diphosphate→adenosine adenosine mono→phosphate (AMP)→inosine monophosphate (IMP)→inosine (HxR)→hypoxanthine (Hx).
In the cold storage (5°C) of tail meat, the ratio of AMP+IMP to Hx+Hxr+adenosine (AdR)+IMP+AMP decreased from an initial 82% to 68% after 48 hours, and the ratio of HxR+AdR increased from an initial 18% to 32% after 48 hours. In the frozen storage (-23°C) of tail meat, the ratio of AMP+IMP decreased from an initial 90%to 78% after 30 days. Bulk krill was different from the tail meat in the rates of the decrease of AMP+IMP or the increase of HxR+AdR. The ratio of AMP+IMP in bulk krill kept in sea water (4-5°C) decreased rapidly to 50% of the initial value wighin a few hours. The decrease of AMP+IMP in bulk krill was not interrupted even in the frozen storage (-23°C).View full abstractDownload PDF (237K) -
Yoshio ONOUE, Tamao NOGUCHI, Junichi MARUYAMA, Yoichi UEDA, Kanehisa H ...1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1347-1350
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParalytic shellfish poison (PSP) was partially purified by essentially the same method as reported previously from the oyster Crassostrea gigas cultured in Senzaki Bay and the culture of motile or nonmotile Protogonyaulax catenella cells isolated from the water or sediments at oyster farming areas in the bay. The toxins thus purified were analyzed by cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis and TLC on silica gel.
The oyster and P.catenella toxins caused signs characteristic of PSP in mice. No marked difference in component toxins was observed between oysters and cultured motile or nonmotile P. catenella cells. Both organisms contained gonyautoxins 1-5 as the major components, along with saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin.
These results indicate that motile and nonmotile P. catenella cells were intimately involved in the infestation to Senzaki oysters.View full abstractDownload PDF (242K) -
Kazuo INA, Hosaku OHSUGA, Yusaku SUZUKI1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1351-1354
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of the level of plant protein on the growth and feed efficiency of red sea bream were studied for three kinds of diet containing various proteins. Fish meal, autolysed fish viscera, soy protein and corn gluten meal were used. The experimental periods were 200, 80, and47 days.
The growth and feed efflciency of the fish were better when the content of corn glutten meal in the plant protein was higher than that of soy protein; the most effective mixing ratio of corn gluten meal to soy protein was about 3:2.
The effective mixing ratio of autolysed tuna viscera of fish meal (animal proteins) to autolysed squid viscera was about 3:2.
Low contents of crude fat in the diets (12-17%) had no effect on the growth and feed efficiency during the feeding experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (247K) -
Hideo MIYOSHI, Takatoshi HANDA, Yoshihiko HATA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1355-1359
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the involvement of bacteria in the decomposition of dead organisms in Uranouchi Bay, suspended matter, newly-formed deposits, and bottom mud samples were collected from the bay 4 times in 1977. Chemical and bacteriological examinations of these samples were made. The content of organic components decreased in the following order: suspended matter, newly-formed deposits, bottom muds. The levels of organic components in these samples were high in warm water months. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria decreased in the order: newly-formed deposits, suspended matter, bottom muds.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Hideo MIYOSHI, Takatoshi HANDA, Seiji DATE1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1361-1366
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo shed more light on the involvement of bacterial proteolysis and lipolysis in the solubilization of dead organisms in Uranouchi Bay, a total of 300 bacterial strains were isolated from the suspended matter, newly-formed deposits, and bottom muds which were taken as samples from the bay. Proteolysis and lipolysis rates were determined under defined conditions. There were appreciable differences among bacterial levels of proteolysis and lipolysis. The in situ proteolysis and lipolysis seem to be controlled largely by strongly proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria. Higher percentages of strongly proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria were observed among isolates from suspended matter. Therefore, a large part of the bacterial proteolysis and lipolysis in decomposing organisms seemed to occur during their deposition or in the early stage after deposition onto the bottom mud. Most of the isolates which had strongly proteolytic and lipolytic activities were members of the genera Vibrio and Acinetobacter.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Hideaki MORII1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1367-1370
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composition and quantity of free short-chain acids in the milk of whales Stenella attenuata and the composition of short-and long-chain acids in their milk lipids were studied. The content of lipids in the milk was about 19.7%, the REICHERT-MEISSL value about 6.1, and the content of free short-chain acids about 3.1 meq/l. Acetic, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric, and n-enamthic acids were usually present in free form. Acetic acid was the most dominate, followed by n-enanthic and isovaleric acids. Other acids were detected in trace amounts. A series of short-chain straight acids from acetic acid to n-capric acid and a series of short-chain branched acids from isobutyric acid to isoenanthic acid were usually detected in milk lipids. Generally, actic acid was the most abundant, the straight-chain acids from proponic acid to n-capric acid were present in nearly equal amounts, but branched-chain acids were few. Long-chain branched acids in milk lipids were also prewent only in small amounts. Iso-17:0 acid showed the maximum concentration among the odd-numbered iso acids and iso-18:0 acid among the even-numbered iso acids. Few anteiso acids and few iso acids with carbon number lower than 13 were detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Seiki MATSUMOTO, Tadacuna NOMRA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1371-1374
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were carried out on the shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros by using a purified diet with varying levels of protein (casein). The effects of dietary lipid levels on the weight gain were also examined.
The optimum protein level for the shrimp was estimated to be a bout 55% in the diet when casein was used as the sole protein source. The optimum level of lipid (Pollack liver oil) for the shrimp was found to be about 8.5% in the diet. IN the present study, the best weight gain was attained from the diet containing 55% casein, 15% sucrose, 8.5% Pollack liver oil, 0.8% glucosamine hydrochloride, 0.3% sodium citrate, 0.3% sodium succinate, 0.5% cholesterol, 8.6% minerals, 2.7% vitamins, and 8.3% celluloseView full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1375-1377
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential amino acids of the prawn Penaeus japonicus were investigated by a radio-isotopic method using [3H] acetate, the incorporation of radioactivity into the constituent amino acids of protein fraction was examined by column chromatography on Amberlite IR-120, followed by the radioactivity measurement. Radioactivity was unambiguously incorporated inot aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, praline, glycine, alanine, and cysteic acid. These amino acids were suspected to be unnecessary for the prawn. On the other hand, little or no radioactivity was incorporated into valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, pheylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, ghreonine, and tryptophan. We inferred that these 10 amino acids are not synthesized de novo and are probably essential for the growth of the prawn. Tyrosine was thought to be formed from the ingested phenylalanine.View full abstractDownload PDF (157K) -
Shun-ichi KAMIMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1379-1381
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCopper concentration in the soft part and the mid-gut gland of cultured juvenile scallops were examined during their growth. Copper levels in the tissue and organs were generally higher in juvenile scallops than in adult ones. A positive correlation between copper concentration and tissue weight was not clearly observed, in the adult scallops, this had previously been reported. But and the mid-gut gland. The seasonal variation of the concentration seems to be the same through the lifetime.View full abstractDownload PDF (127K) -
Meiko WAKABAYASHI, Mikio KIKUCHI, Akihito SATO, Tamao YOSHIDA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1383-1387
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the relationship between the exposure concentration of surfactants and their concentration factors in fish bodies, carp Cyprinus carpio were exposed to several concentrations of three surfactans: 35S-labelled sodium dodecyl sulfate (35S-C12-AS), 12-AS), 14C-labelled sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (14D-n-C12-LAS) and 14C-labelled dodecy1 octa(oxyethylene) ether (14C-C12-AE(8)).
For the 35S-C12-AS, the concentration of the 35S-radioactivity in the fish increased gradually with exposure time in each solution. But after 72h of exposure it showed no remarkable changes. Its concentration factors after the equilibrium were 3.9-5.3, and these were not affected by the concentration of each solution. On the other hand, although the concentrations in fish of the 14C-radioactivity derived from the 14C-n-C12-LAS and 14C-C12-AE (8) reached their equilibrium after 72h of exposure, their concentration factors differed according to the concentration of the surfactant in each solution. They ranged from 16 at 9.1 μg/l to 400 at 300μg/l for 14C-n-C12-LAS, and from 39 at 9.9 μg/l to 220 at 1000μg/l for 14C-C12-AE (8). At even higher concentration in 14C-n-C12-LAS solution, however, the concentration factor was apt to be less.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Eiji NIWA, Riichiro SUZUKI, Iwao HAMADA1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1389
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (67K) -
Jun-ichi NISHIMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1391
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K)
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