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Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Kiichiro YAMAMOTO, Takao MORIOKA, Osamu HIROI, Masaaki OMORI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntramuscular injection of acetone-dried pituitary glands of salmonid fishes was carried out in 1971 and 1972.
1. A weekly injection of four chum salmon pituitaries or eight pink salmon pituitaries into silver eels (per Kg body weight) produced conspicuous growth of ovarian eggs up to about one mm in diameter. Maturity factors of the treated eels ranged from 40 to 72 per cent. The oocytes corresponded to the migratory nucleus stage or pre-maturation stage. One eel treated with salmon pituitary naturally spawned a large number of mature eggs.
2. Eels treated with hormones showed a striking increase in body weight with the commencement of maturation. The pattern of increase in body weight may be divided into four types. The coefficient of correlation between the maturity factor and increase in body weight was greatest in type A, followed by type B and D, but very low in type C.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Kiichiro YAMAMOTO, Masaaki OMORI, Kohei YAMAUCHI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOogenesis of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, was studied using cultivated eels, silver eels, and those treated with hormones. Oogonia and oocytes in the premeiotic stage showed almost the same features as those of many teleostean fishes. Vitellogenesis of the Japanese eel is characterized first by the appearance of oil drops, which come to occupy alarge part of the peri-nucleus. Subsequent to this, a few small yolk vesicles appeared in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm. Soon after the formation of the vesicles yolk globules began to appear in the peripheral part of the cytoplasm. Thereafter, the globules were formed rapidly and occupy a large part of the cytoplasm. The germinal vesicle located in the centre of oocytes then moves to one pole of the oocyte and underwent decomposition. Immediately, thereafter, preparation for the first maturation began. Mature eggs of about 1.05mm in diameter were pelagic and spherical in form. Many yolk globules of large size and a few number of large oil drops were seen in the cytoplasm in the region of the vegetable pole.View full abstractDownload PDF (1486K) -
Fumio YAMAZAKI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 17-25
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe “Cobalt” or blue colored variant of rainbow trout are rarely found at trout farms located throughout Japan. Histological studies were made on the ventral brain regions of six such fish. It was found that the fish were abnormal because of the absence of a pituitary gland. They were further characterized by the lack of yolk deposition in oocytes and suppression of spermatogenesis, deposition of fat on intestinal organs, remarkable changes in the liver cells, retardness of growth and lack of black spots and parr marks on the body. Some of these changes have been found in hypophysectomized teleost fish of various species. The fact that this variant is able to live in fresh water for at least five years, that interrenal tissues and thyroid glands are histologically normal, and that growth and formation of circuli of scales occur normally, suggests that more detailed studies are required regarding the involvement of pituitary hormones in these biological phenomena.View full abstractDownload PDF (1786K) -
Gunzo KAWAMURA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservations of the movements of japanese-mackerel and horse-mackerel attracted to lamps and their behaviour in relation to the purse-seine were conducted by utilization of two kinds of echo-sounders, while on board a light-boat of a roundhaul netter fleet. Moreover, horizontal movements of silvery anchovy and puffer drawn towards the surface by the lamps were (visually) observed.
Except for the puffer, these fishes were very lively while under the lamps and the horizontal extent of movement of horse-mackerel and japanese-mackerel was estimated to range beyond 60 to 89 m at 27 to 40 m depth.
A shoal of horse-mackerel or japanese-mackerel was seen to separate into upper and lower shoal delineated by the bottom margin of the purse-seine. The shoal remaining in bottom layer move away from the purse-seine but was attracted to the second lighting in the same position as before.
These results are compared with those of other investigators in the discussion.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Katsumi MATSUSHITA, Yukio NOSE1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spawning season and spawning ground of the Japanese gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, in Lake Hamana were estimated based on gonad maturity, seasonal and spatial distribution of spawned eggs, and catch statistics.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The spawning season of the Japanese gizzard shad in Lake Hamana is believed to be from mid-April to mid-June, with a peak from late-April to mid-May.
2) Eggs were collected both inside and outside the lake where the water temperature is 12-22°C and the water density is 1.007-1.029.
3) The center of distribution of eggs shifted from the inner region of the lake to its center during the spawning season.
4) Individuals less than 15 cm in length did not mature during the spawning season.
5) There were three peaks at catch per haul of Japanese gizzard shad at seasonal change in Lake Hamana. The first two were considered to be occurrence of the spawning group and new recruitment respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Akira OCHIAI, Susumu UMEDA, Manabu OGAWA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCatadromous female eel, Anguilla japonica, caught at the mouth of the Shimanto River, Kochi Pref., on November 10, 1972, and kept in small tanks without food were treated with dipropionic acid estradiol and gonadotropin from autumn to spring of the following year to induce ovarian maturation. Of nine samples treated with both hormones, four appeared to possess mature eggs, attaining a degree comparable to the migratory nucleusstage. The liver of these samples became enlagred with growth of the ovary, and were characterized by vacuoles located in the cytoplasm of numerous hepatic cells. It was also confirmed chemically that the liver of these fish contained a large amount of crude lipid. Hematocrit value, hemoglobin content and erythrocyte count were lower than those of untreated ones to a certain degree.View full abstractDownload PDF (1445K) -
Simultaneous Estimation of Parameters with the Mean Recruiting Age of Pacific Bigeye TuraTakeo ISHII1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the simultaneous estimation of the proportion of recruits (rl) with other parameters, a new method is suggested. It is proposed that, rl in each line can be calculated from the mean recruitment age (Er) and the standard deviation (Dr), which were two parameters in the normal distribution.
For example, the four parameters M, q, Er and Dr were estimated simultaneously for the Pacific bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (LOWE) by the tracing method. The results shown were as follows: (values within parenthesis were obtained when Er was set at 3.8, and reported in the previous paper.) Er=3.66 (3.8), Dr=1.12 (1.14), M=0.274 (0.350), q=0.202 (0.189) and ?? min=118691 (120972).View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Norio SUZUKI, Kazuko KANZAKI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdult fish of Gengorobuna (Carassius auratus cuvieri) inhabit the upper or middle layer of offshore waters where they are seldom confronted with hypoxic conditions in the natural environment. On the other hand, Hiwara (C. auratus gibelio) occupy lagoon and bays bottoms, where they are often confronted with hypoxic conditions. Oxygen consumption and opercular rate were measured in the laboratory in crucian carp found living in different habitat, under various oxygen concentrations.
A marked differences in critical concentration of oxygen consumption (PC) was not detected between Gengorobuna and Hiwara. In Gengorobuna, a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration first evoked an increase in opercular movement at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3ml/l, and maximum opercular movement (1.5 fold increase) appeared at 0.75ml/l. The first disruption in the periodicity of the opercular rhythm occurred at 0.5ml/l. In Hiwara the initial rapid increase in opercular movement occurred at a lower oxygen concentration than that of Gengorobuna (2ml/l), and disruption in the opercular rhythm was not detected within the range of oxygen concentrations employed in our experiments.
These results show that opercular movements of Gengorobuna must be more sensitive to lower oxygen tension. Thus, it is considered that Hiwara are more adaptive to hypoxic conditions than Gengorobuna.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Takeshi TAGUCHI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 63-66
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the activation mechanism of fish muscle myosin B ATPase by lecithin, lecithin-inactive myosin B was prepared from carp muscle. The myosin B ATPase from muscle treated with 0.1M K2HPO4-0.5M KCl was not activated by added lecithin. During the preparative procedure, the component required for the activation by lecithin was found to be in the precipitate. It was confirmed that the activation of myosin B ATPase by lecithin is proportional to the amount of added component. This activation was enhanced in the presence of 1mM Mg++.View full abstractDownload PDF (210K) -
Nitrogenous ExtractivesKinji ENDO, Ritsuko KISHIMOTO, Yoshio YAMAMOTO, Yutaka SHIMIZU1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 67-72
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principal components of nitrogenous extractives were investigated, mainly from a food chemical point of view, using the dorsal and ventral muscles of 4 groups of yellow-tail, Seriola quinqueradiata, i.e. “cultured-young”, “cultured-adult”, ‘wild-young, and “wild-adult”. Results obtained were as follows.
(1) The contents of extractive nitrogen and free histidine were higher in the dorsal muscle of “wild-young” than in that of “cultured-young”, and the content of trimethylamine oxide was higher in “wild-adult” than in “cultured-adult”. There was no difference in creatine content among the 4 groups.
(2) A marked seasonal variation was observed in the trimethylamine oxide content of “young” groups, which decreased in summer and increased in late autumn.
(3) Of the free amino acids determined, histidine was the most abundant in every group. Taurine, lysine, glutamic acid and alanine were present in moderate amounts and the other amino acids, in small amounts. No marked difference among the groups was observed in the distribution pattern of these amino acids excepting histidine, taurine and lysine.
(4) A taste test was undertaken on hot-water extracts prepared from the muscles of these groups, and the “wild” groups were found to be more tasty than “cultured” groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
TAKAO MATSUNO, Seiichi NAGATA, Nobuhisa IWASAKI, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 73-77
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoid pigments from the skin and fin of sweet fish were investigated. The main pigment in this fish has been reported to be lutein, but in the present investigation, zeaxanthin was in fact found to be the main pigment (41-93%).
In addition to zeaxanhin (413, 68, 93, 88, 3%), β-carotene (2.5, 2, 0, 0%), cryptoxanthin (28.4, 0, 1, 1.8%), lutein (5.1, 20, 1, 4.4%), cynthiaxanthin (17.5, 10, 3.5, 5.5%), astacene (5.2, 0, tace, 0%) and an unknown pigment (0, 0, 15, 0%) were found in natural young, cultured mature, natural mature (lake origin) and natural mature (marine origin) sweet fish respectively.
A considerable amount of cryptoxanthin was observed in natural young sweet fish and an unknown pigment (λmax 381, 398, 420 nm. in petr. ether) was recognized only in natural mature sweet fish (lake origin).View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Determination of trace quantities of volatile N-nitrosamines by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographyToshiharu KAWABATA, Masamichi NAKAMURA, Masami MATSUI, Tohru ISHIBASHI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 79-85
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe assessment of potential health hazards due to N-nitrosamines requires reliable analytical method(s) of identification and concentration of such compounds in vulnerable foodstuffs, such as nitride treated fishery products, e.g. fish-sausage and ham, and salted salmon roe. Basic studies were conducted on the determination of trace quantities of volatile N-nitrosamines by thin-layer (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. The maximum rate of coloring of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) on a TLC plate was obtained by ultraviolet irradiation light (λmax=253.7 nm) using a dose of about 15, 000μW/cm2.
2. Rf values for 8 N-nitrosamines on TLC (Silicagel G plates) were determined using 3 different solvent systems.
3. Resolutions and sensitivities of a gas chromatograph equipped with an alkali thermoionic detector (KBr crystal) for 8 N-nitrosamines were compared with 4 types of columns. Both Chromosorb W-PEG 6, 000 and Chromosorb W-Versamid 900 were found to be suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of trace amount of N-nitrosamines.
4. The formation of DMNA in the nitrite treated Alaska pollack roe sample has been confirmed by a gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
On the methods for extraction and clean-up of test solutions containing N-dimethylnitrosamine to be analyzed by gas-liquid chromatographyToshiharu KAWABATA, Masamich NAKAMURA, Masami MATSUI, Tohru ISHIBASHI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 87-96
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBasic research has been conducted concerning methods for the extraction and clean-up of test solutions containing N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) to be analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and a series of recovery tests of DMNA added to fish-ham samples were carried out.
Results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. DMNA in a fishery product can be extracted with CH2Cl2 under K2CO3 alkaline conditions when the extraction and separation by centrifugation are repeated 3 times at room temperature.
2. The concentration of a CH2Cl2 extract by rotary evaporation often cause a marked loss in DMNA recovery. However, it was found that under appropriate conditions more than 90% of DMNA could be recovered by rotary evaporation, the recovery being almost the same as the obtained with a Kuderna-Danish evaporative concentrator.
3. Clean-up of the CH2Cl2 extracts from fish roe products can be achieved by treatment with a strong cationic ion-exchanger, Amberlite CG-120 resion bufferized at pH 6.5, while those from fish-sausage and ham can be purified by HCl-treated Celite 545 column technique.
4. Recovery of DMNA added to fish-ham samples was found to be about 60% when analyzed according to the present procedures, and the reason for the low recovery rate might be attributable to the loss of DMNA occurring during the 3 steps of concentration of CH2Cl2 extracts in vacuum.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
The Carotenoids in Chidai, red sea bream, Evynnis japonica Tanaka and [the incorporation of labelled astaxanthin from the diet of the red sea bream] to their body astaxanthinTeruhisa KATAYAMA, Toshiro MIYAHARA, Yoshito TANAKA, Muneo SAMESHIMA, ...1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 97-103
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The carotenoids in the red sea bream, Chidai, Evynnis japonica Tanaka, have been separated by absorption chromatography, characterized by their absorption spectra, their behavior on the columns, specific chemical tests, and co-chromatography with authentic samples.
2. Canthaxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin and PE-518 were isolated from the internalorgans of the red sea bream. α-Cryptoxanthin, 3, 3'-dihydroxy-ε-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein(trace), 3-hydroxy-canthaxanthin and astaxanthin were found in the integuments of the red sea bream.
3. The red sea bream were cultured in the laboratory and for three weeks fed radio-active β-carotene-15, 15'-3H2 and labelled astaxanthin. It was determined that β-carotene was not a major precursor of astaxanthin in the red sea bream, but labelled xanthophylls in the prawn (the contents of astaxanthin were 78% of the total pigments) were absorbed from the diet and deposited in the body of the red sea bream.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Ken-ichi ARAI, Masaru KITAO, Nobuo SEKI1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 105-110
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActin and myosin were prepared separately from the dorsal muscle of tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) and actomyosin was reconstituted at various ratios of actin to myosin by weight.
It was found that the reconstitution of actomyosin restored the identical characteristics of natural actomyosin; that is, anomalous viscosity with respect to protein concentration and reversible dissociation into actin and myosin by ATP at high ionic strength, which resulted in high ATP-sensitivity, positive superprecipitation upon the addition of ATP at low ionic strength, and the enhancement of Mg2+ dependent ATPase activity.
These results support the conclusion that the biological activities of fish actin are essentially the same as those of rabbit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Masami MATSUI, Keizo WATANABE, Tamao YOSHIDA, Toshiharu KAWABATA1974 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 111-116
Published: January 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, much attention has been paid to the pollution of coastal sea water with various hydrocarbons, which often give rise to a serious damage to the coastal fisheries in Japan. The present rezearch aims to elucidate components of hydrocarbon pollutants in relation to the source and mechanism of formation of so-called tar-balls floating on the surface of sea water. In the preliminary experiments, the hydrocarbon compounds in C-class heavy oil, wasted lubricant, and Iranian, Arabian and Minas crude oil samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GLC). Then, each oil sample was floated in a test tank and allowed to settle on the surface of sea water for about 4 months, The n-paraffine components in each test sample were analyzed periodically. After standing for 400hr, the hydrocarbon components in the C-class heavy oil, wasted lubricant, Iranian and Arabian crude oil became indistinguishable form one another, while the Minas crude oil was distinctive from other oil samples. The n-paraffine components in tar-balls collected around Hachijo and Okinawa Islands were analyzed by GLC, and the source and mechanism of formation of such types of solid or semi-solid pollutants were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K)
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