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Volume 17, Issue 11
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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IV. Seasonal Variation of the Vitamin A PotencyYAROKURO YAMAMURA1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 337-341
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn 57 samples detailed in Table 1, following treatments were made:
(1) Showing the relation between vitamin A concentration of liver and body-length in Fig. 1.
(2) Showing the relation between vitamin A concentration (vit. A poteney) of liver per unit body-weight and body-length in Fig. 2.
From Figures 1 and 2, it will be seen that vitamin A concentration of liver increases according to body-length, but there are more marked increase in females than in males.
More valuable facts I have drawn from Fig. 2 are as follows:
(i) There are no essential differences of vitamin A potency between male and female as shown in the max. -curve (A), min. -curve (C) and average-curve (B) respectively.
(ii) The lower potency of the male is merely due to its inferior size to which the adult could reach, compared to the female.
(iii) Seasonal fluctuation of vitamin A potency in the liver of the shark is deduced by calculating the distribution ratio of the points on both sides of the average curve (B) between the max. -curve (A) and the min. -curve (C), being shown in Table 2.
Table 3 showing the state of gonad say, before spawning, spawning stage, or after spawning, with respect to the month.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
JISABURO YASUDA1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 342-344
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The molluscan larvae were investigated in their tidal and diurnal changes during the period of 24 hours from 12 o'clock of July 13, 1949, to the same time of the next day at Maeshiba, situated on the coast of Mikawa Bay, Aichi Prefecture.
2. The whole number of larvae was counted in both the bivalves and the gastropods in an hourly sample of 2060cc. of sea water.
3. The swimming larvea of bivalves incleased in number with rising of the tide especially at about the depth of more than 1.7m. and decreased at ebb.
4. The larvae reached their maximum number at 23 o'clock on 14 th at about the highest tide and their minimum at 13 o'clock on 13 th at about the lowest tide.
5. The larvae decreased suddenly in number at the beginning of ebb tide at about 23-24 o'clock on 13 th and 7 o'clock on 14 th and much greater at day time than at night.
6. The larvae was the increase in number shortly after both the sunset and the sunrise and thir feomenon seemed to be attributable to the movement of larvae from the bottom to the upper zone of the water.
7. The gastropod larvae increased in number with the rising tide and reached their muximum at about 2 o'clock on 14 th at the depth of 1.12m. in the lower zone and were always numerous during the ebb tide at night and decreased in the morning and increased slightly again with the rising tide and were nearly absent at the ebb tide of day time.
8. The gastropod larvae were absent or very rare during the day time, while they increased in number from the evening and reached their maximum at the midnight and decreased as it dawned.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
YOSHIO KOJIMA, JURO KUSAKABE1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 345-347
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor contributing to the manufacturing industry of Agar-agar form Gracilaria confervoides by proposed method, the authors studied the seasonal variation of some chcmical constituents of Gracilasia confervoides collected from various districts. Resnlts are shown in Tables I and II.View full abstractDownload PDF (193K) -
YATARO OBATA, HISANAO IGARASHI, KOICHI ZAMA, SHIGEO NARITA1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 349-352
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of suppositions concerning the cause of the discoloration of fish-oils have been published by previous investigators. According to the results of our experimental study here reported, a remarkable discoloration of fish-oils takes place when we make the autoxydizing fish-oils react with trimethylamine which is one of the volatile bases. On the other hand, the autoxdizing fish-oils are found to produce aldehydes. From these facts is induced our supposition, that the red discoloration of fish-oils is brought about by the chemical combination of aldehydes and volatile bases.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
Ko YATSUZUKA1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 353-358
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe artificial rearing of the larva of Charybdis japonica was caried out in our laboratory, and we succeeded in rearing through the metamorphosis from hatching to the youngest adult from clab.
The zoea larva was fed on the larva (morula and trochophora) of Ostrea gigas or on the nauplius larva of Balanus amphitrite albicostatus.
Zoeas moult 6 times, after which they become megalopas. The quickest zoea moult 6 times within 18 days at water temperature of from 27°C. to 30°C. in summer.
On the metamorphosis of zoea, we can observe the numeral increasing on the zoea-characteristic body parts and the development of megalopa-characteristic organs.
The growth coefficients of zoea of 2 nd. and 3 rd. moulting is higher than those of 1 st., 4 th. and 5 th. moulting.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
FUMIO MATUURA, TAKEO KOGURE, GENJI FUKUI1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 359-362
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethionine was determined by BAERNSTElN'S method in the muscle protein of various aquatic animals, especially of fishes.
The results obtained are summarized in Table 1.
Among fish muscle proteins, methionine content was confirmed to be relatively constant and fluctuate from 3 to 4%. Generally, fish muscle protein may be considered to be as rich as casein in this amino acid. The muscle proteins of elasmobranehs, however, showed somewhat lower content than the other fishes tested.
The red muscle contains much methionine than the ordinary muscle in a fish body and the muscle protein of fishes, which have dark colored meat, seems to be richer than those of white meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (259K) -
TOMOKICHI YOSHIHARA1952 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 363-366
Published: June 25, 1952
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout thirty years ago T. BARANOV developed a theory of exploitation of fish stock, entitled “On the question of the biological basis of fisheries”*. Recently Prof. W. E. RICKER translated this paper into English. Denoting by the letter n the abundance of any group of fish and by the letter t time, he assumed that the decrease dn in the number of fish in the small time dt is proportional to the abundance of that groun and put dn/dt=-k1n…… (1). Following to the results of Heincke he assumed that the increase of length of fish is proportional to time (t) and put t=rl…… (3). From equations (1) and (3), after integrating, we have the relation n=n0e-kl…… (4), where the coefficient k=k1r is called the coefficient of decrease.
In Japan, Spring Herring are caught in the Hokkaido District from 3 age group to 8 age group. Since 1910 Hokkaido Fishery Experiment Station has published the statistcs of the catch of herring for each year and the age composition of herring which calculated from the scales. The growth of herring of each age was determined by KAWAT using the scales of age 8 herrings, Tsuda had published the wean body weight of herring of each age. From these data I have made Table 1, from which we know that the increase of body length in each age is not constant and growth curve will be represented more correctly by the Logistic curve. From Table 1, as the number of fish is decreasing exponentially after 5 age, we can obtain the following values of constant. M=33.33, a=0.246, b=0.448, k=1.12, αk=0.307…(*). From equation. (13) we obtain the decreasing rate ψ=1-ak…… (16), where α=(M-l2)/(M-l1) and l1 and l2 are body length for age t1 and t2. Table 1 show that body length of age 3 is l1 ?? 24cm. and that of age 4 is l2 ?? 27cm, hence α=0.675 and ?? =0.355. Similarly from age 2 to age 3, ?? =0.33.
The number R of fish of commercial size (that is, fish whose length is greater than L ) is given by the integral (17) and (18), where L/M=β, 0<β<1. The whole weight of the fish population of commercial size is given by the integral (19), where we assume that the body weight of a fish is given by the formula p=wl3, (w=constant). Mean body weight is given by the formula (21) and qk is given by (22). These formula are more complicated than the original ones which were obtained under simple assumptions. For nonintcgral values of k, the numerical value of qk can not be obtained easily. For the herring the mean body weight is 79.09 monme (1 monme=3.75gr.). If we take 45 monme for 3 age or 60 monme for 4 age as L, then q=1.76-1.32. On the other hand β=0.75-0.81. If we make the table of qk for each valne of β and k, then we shall find that for the above mentioned value of β and q, the value of k is about 1.1 and this is nearly equall to the value reported*.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K)
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