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Volume 22, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Relationship between Meteorological Factors, Age of the Moon, and the Squid CatchShumpei KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 145-149
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report the discussion concerned with relationships between the squid catch by fixed nets and meteorological factors, such as low pressuse, discontinuity, wind and air temperatures. The present study deals in the relationships of the catch with the rainfall, cloud, and age of the moon.
1) Chi-square test on the rainfall proved that the rain falling more than 5 mm. a day had an adverse effect upon the squid fishing for a day or two after the raining. As far as the rain did not fall more than 10mm. a day, terrestrial water flowing into the sea affected but little the fishing. However, as most of the light rain came along with the cold front, the wind seems to have brought an additional effect on the fishing (Table 1, Figs, 1, 2).
2) The fishing was likely affected when the cloud had increased on the preceding day (Table 2).
3) During the full moon with the moon age of 10 to 20 days, the squid would swim about in waters much closer to the surface with a wider range of activity than in the first quarter when the moon age is 24 to 4 days. For this reason, set nets, c, placed at the inward of Urago Bay, had a greater catch of the mollusk than those a, at the mouth of the Bay. Whereas, catch of the nets at a was better than at c during the first quarter because of the squid loitering around the entrance of the area. Illumination of the moon is probably the most decisive factor controlling the habitual movement of the squid (Table 3, Fig. 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
Yongjun PACK1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 150-155
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between the daily catch of sardine caught by the two Hisago trap net operated in the Tai fishing ground located on the western coast of Wakasa Bay and the meteorological factors such as low pressure, wind velocity, wind direction and atmospheric temperature over several days (represented by “-n” day) before the day on which the fishing is operated is statist-ically analysed. This study is limitted to the spring fishing from 1952 to 1955. The good catch is expected under the following conditions:
1. That low pressures are moving in such a pattern that a new low pressure is gradually approaching to the ground after an another low pressure has been leaving from there from -2 to -1 day during the two successive days.
2. That the direction of the strongest wind is northerly (NE-NW) and the direction of the wind which, blows most frequently is south-east (SE) in -1 day, beside these the wind velocity is in the range up to 4 (7.4m/sec.) in BEUFORT's wind-class during the two successive days before it, and
3. That the atmospheric temperature ascent gradually from -2 to -1 day.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
On the Distribution and the Migration of the SauryChikayoshi MATSUDAIRA, Hideo IWASAKI, Tsutomu TSUDA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 156-161
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, physical and biological properties of the environment relating to the ecology of the saucy have been examined in connection with the characteristics of the boundary zone chiefly between Oyashio and Kuroshio.
The physical environment at the beginning of the fishing season was analysed by using the data from the observations made in the Tohoku sea-area off Hokkaido by Tohoku Regional Fish-eries Research Laboratory in September, 1951 (Fig. 1, 2). The environmental data on the fish-ing season were obtained from the oceanographic observations made by Hakodate Marine Meteoro-logical Laboratory in October, 1951. The plankton population war estimated from the oxygen supersaturation by the method described in the preceding paper. The distribution of the plankton population, water temperature and the catches of sauries is shown in Fig. 3. The appearance of sauries coincides with high plankton populations in the region. This fact shows that the quantitative distribution of plankton populations-a scalar field of the plankton is one of the most important environmental factors for the ecology of the aury.
Fig. 4 shows the seasonal trends of the distribution of plankton populations and sauries in the sea surrounding Japan, where the former is estimated by using the correlation between the oxygen supersaturation and the water temperature (see preceding paper) and the latter is based on the data of H. KASAHARA and N. OTSURU (1952).
The seasonal trartsition of highly productive zone with high plankton populations which is mainly formed in the boundary zone is fairly in accord with the seasonal migration of the saury. As the result, such productive zone is considered as the habitat of saurie and their seasonal mig-ration is explained by the transition of the field of plankton population wnich is a biologic environment. At last, a discussion is made on the area of the productive zones and their seasonal trends (Table 1, 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Yoji KURATA, Hisao KONISHI, Tadahsi KUSAKARI1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 162-166
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the months of November and December large schools of the saury, Cololabis saira, would migrate southward along the Pacific coast of Japan, traversing an area extending from Oshima to Miyakejima (islands). However, only small schools of the fish would usually be observed in the south of the latter island except in December 1948 when nearly two metric tons of the fish were hauled off Hachijo Island some 60 miles south of Miyakejima.
In an attempt at throwing light upon the exceptional catch on that occasion oceanographic data in the region in December 1948 has been compared with those of the same month of the previous year. In consequence, the Oyashio, a cold current, has been found prevailing in the area in 1948 with a surface isotherm of 20°C, receding as far south as beyond Hachijo island. Whereas, in 1947 that temperature line expanded to the north of the island likely under the in-fluence of the Kuroshio, 2 warm current which was dominating then and there (Fig. 1). The fact is suggestive that numbers of the adult saury on their way of southern migration seem to come over the sea around Hachijo Island only when the isothermal zone of 20°C. has withdrawn south of the island. The length and weight of a few specimens fished in the area are shown in Table 1 together with some relevant data.
In the results of spawning surveys of the saury carried out by authors in 1953 and 1954 in the region under study, 276 youngs measuring 65 to 75 mm in total length became available (Table 2, Figs. 2 and 3). On the basis of knowledge thus acquired in regard to the maturity of the adult as well as occurrences of the young it may be asserted that the spawning in the region takes place once a year during November to the following May with February and March as its height: water temperatures suitable for the youngs approximately range from 17 to 23°C. in the spawning area covering from the vicinity of Oshima to Torishima or perhaps more southerly to the Bonin Islands. Particularly the youngs were abundant in the counter Kuroshio current. An assumption derived from these findings, but yet to be proved, is that considerable amounts of the spawners would travel southward to Ki'nansho (bank), while the hatched young running up north along the counter Kuroshio current. A. question as to whether or not the present species would spawn to any extent in summer when then pass the region on their way back to the north is left to be solved.View full abstractDownload PDF (386K) -
Seibin ARASAKI, Toraya FUJIYAMA, Yunosuke SAITO1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 167-171
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of finding out the best condition to set the collector for laver in the sea to get a best crop, a study was made through the following methods from late September to the early November.
1. Daily observation on the vertical change in temperature and chlorinity of sea water in about one meter intervals from the surface to the bottom. In the meantime, air temperature and wind were also recorded.
2. Counting the laver-germlings appeared on the collector which have been set every day in the sea.
3. Calculation of the laver-spores liberated from the Conchocelis which have been set in the sea after over-summering in the laboratory.
The results may be summerized as follows:
1. The laver-spores are apt to appear in large quantities within a few days after the occur-rence of vertical turbulance of sea water.
2. Hydrographic and atmospheric conditions havc some influence on the liberation of spores from the Conchocelis.
3. There seems to be a closer correlation between the appearance of laver-spores in nature and the liberation of spores from the Conchocelis set in the sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Amylolytic Enzyme (Part 2)Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Shizumasa KIJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 172-175
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Manabu KITAMIKADO1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 176-179
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntibacterial powers of VK compounds in the medium spoiled by microbe were compared with those in the fresh medium, and the following results were obtained.
(1) When tested in the glucose-salt or caseinhydrolyzate-glucose-salt medium, the antibacterial activities of VK compounds were the same both in the fresh and spoiled media. When tested in the peptone-glucose-salt medium, however, VK compounds inhibited the growth of microbe less remarkably in the spoiled medium than in the fresh medium.
(2) There was a considerable amount of a group active to p-chloromercuribenzoate in the spoiled peptone-glucose-salt medium, and the group also had high activity to VK compounds.
(3) Consequently, it was considered that free SH groups occurred in the spoiled peptone, and the group interfered with the antibacterial action of VK compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
Electrolytic Bleaching and Electrodialytic Preparation of Decolorized Alginic AcidYoshio KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 180-183
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the case of electrolytic bleaching, the relation between the concentration of NaCl and current density was investigated from the stand points of yield and purity of alginic acid. The good condition for decolorization was as follows; concn. of added NaCl, 0.8%; anode current density, 3.56 A/dm2; duration of electrolysis, 6 hrs. After the decolorization of sodium alginate soln. by the electrolytic bleaching, it was electrodialyzed by three-chamber method. The results obtained with 15 ampere-hours were as follows; electric energy consumption and yield of alginic acid, 169 KWH/kg. and 18%; ash and total N contents, 0.87% and 0.12%; specific viscosity of 0.5% sodium alginate soln., 2.0. It has been concluded that the method of electrolytic blea-ching was superior to that of chlorine gas blowing.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
On the Diaphragm for ElectrodialysisYoshio KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 184-190
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious cathode diaphragms used for electrodialysis are discussed with experimental data on variations of pH value in middle chamber, electric energy consumption for cation, current efficiency, and quality of alginic acid obtained. The two types, that is, a rapidly decreasing type from high efficiency and a type which maintains low efficiency were found to exist. Diaphragms belonging to the latter were filter cloth, filter cloth-collodion, filter cloth-chrome gelatine, unglazed pottery and nylon cloth-collodion etc., the former were silk cloth-collodion, bladder membrane, parchment paper and cellophane etc.
Diaphragms belonging to the former were better than the latter for electrodialysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
On the ElectrodeYoshio KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 191-194
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPt, Fe, Pb, Ni and graphite were tested on their adaptability as electrode in electrolytic preparation of alginic acid from the sodium alignate sulution. Pt and graphite were found to be useful as the anode, Ni and graphite as the cathode.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
Kazuo ANDO, Buntaro NODA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 195-197
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalt was removed from salted whale meat (Sunoko-meat) by soaking in running water at the outflow velocity of 570cc./min. at various temperatures.
As shown in Table 1, the water content in meat increased at 25°C. and 35°C. but it increased at the beginning and decreased afterwards at 45°C. and 55°C. especially at the latter. This seems to be due to the occurence of dehydration in meat by heat coagulation.
As shown in Table 2, little difference was found between the rate of salt removal at 25°C., 35°C. and 45°C., but the rate at 55°C. was distinctly greater than in the former cases. At high temperatures, the salt seems to be removed together with water from meat.
The diffusion coefficient, K, of common salt in whale meat was shown in Table 3.View full abstractDownload PDF (182K) -
Application of BHA to Salting of SalmonKenzo TOYAMA, Tetsuaki TOCHI, Kuman SARUYA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 198-201
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong several antioxidants we examined, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been found to be the most recommendable for protecting the salted salmon from the deterioration due to Ithe oxidation of their oil, suggesting the realization of “Kalryo-aramaki”, a sort of salted salmon, of best grade. The antioxidants have been tested in the form of the mixtures with common salt prepared according to our described procedures1).
It was attempted to find the optimum concentration for the preparation of products of better quality:
First of all, several stocks of BHA-salt-mixture with varying BHA-strength as shown in Table 1 were prepared.
Thawed samples of salmon were used after removing the viscera and gill arches. They were salted respectively with the various stocks to 40% of their weights. After keeping the salted samples for 10 days, the adherent salts were once removed, the samples being buried anew in fresh batches of common salt that amount to 10% of their initial weights.
The samples treated with the salt-mixture of appropriate BHA: content were recognized to be in a satisfactory condition even after 60 day storage in respect of their organoleptic property as well as the character of their oil, while untreated ones became heavily deteriorated in 17 days.
It is evident from these results that the preferable concentration of BHA corresponds to the range from 0.005 to 0. 02 as per cent of the weight of raw fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
Application of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole to Dry-Salting of SalmonKazuo ANDO, Kuman SARUYA1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 202-205
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry-salted salmons are subjected to rancidity and rusting during their storage. We have tried to prevent the above deteriorations by employing common salt added with B. H. A.
Organoleptic observations were carried out on the products and some chemical determinations on the extracted oils at intervals over the period of 75 days. From the results we have come to the conclusion that the most suitable concentration of the B. H. A. in the salt mixture is 0.01%.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
Kazuo ANDO1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 206-209
Published: July 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has previously been reported as for the oil made discolored experimentally and deliberately that there is a positive relation between the variation in the amount of oxidized acid and the gradation in brown color of the oil.
The present work is to make sure whether this relation holds practically for boiled-dried fishes ; so, samples obtained in market were investigated to find any relation prevailing among their contents of peroxide oxygen and oxidized acid, their class assigned in market, and their sensory test.
The results are shown in Table 1, from which it is concluded that their very complicated gradings in market can be expressed without ambiguity, i.e., in numerical values, according to the amount of oxidized acid of the product.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 211a
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (17K) -
1956 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 211b
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (17K)
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