All issues
Volume 26, Issue 5
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHROMAFFIN CELLS AND INTERRENAL CELLS IN THE HEAD KIDNEYS OF FISHESMikio OGURI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 443-447
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of interrenal cells and chromaffin cells in the head kidneys was investigated histologically on the adrenal glands in ten species of teleosts collected newly and also some discussion on these glands was added.
Seven species of them belong to type I, II or III of distribution described in the previous paper but G. punctata, P. indicus and C. kumu belong to a new type (Type VII), observed in this paper. In these fishes of type VII, chromaffin cells appear not only in the wall of the cardinal vein but also in the groups of interrenal cells surrounding the cardinal vein.View full abstractDownload PDF (1298K) -
HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE INTERRENAL CELLS OF FISHESMikio OGURI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 448-451
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe histochemical demonstrations of lipoid droplets, cholesterol or its esters, and ascorbic acid were tried on the interrenal cells of fishes. These substances are present in the interrenal bodies of elasmobranchs, but they are not detected histochemically in the interrenal cells of teleosts,
The author is indebted to Prof. Y. SUYEHIRO and Assoc. Prof. T. HIBIYA for their invaluable advice and encouragement throughout the work.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FEEDING HABITS OF THE PLANKTON OF LAKE SHIRAKOMASadami KADOTA1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 452-461
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The contents of the alimentary canal of Diaptomus and Daphnia collected from Lake Shirakoma were microscopically observed. The inquiry was of interest because the lake was quite destitude of phytoplankton, and therefore what might be the food stuff of these species was curious and important.
(2) The food of Diaptomus and Daphnia of this lake consists exclusively of bottom materials which, as a matter of course, contain bottom organisms such as lower Cyanophyceae, Diatoms, etc. Remarkable was the fact that little or no plankton organisms were found in the alimentary canal of these species.
(3) The food of Diaptomus and Daphnia was all the same in its constituents. The quantity, however, seemed to be a little more in Daphnia than in Diaptomus.
(4) As to the size of food particle it was found that the size taken by Daphnia is markedly larger (maximum length-311μ) than that taken by Diaptomus (maximum length-238μ).
However, the mean size of food particle was 50μ or thereabout, a size exceeding 100μ (in length) was very rare.
(5) The finding that Diaptomus and Daphnia largely feed on bottom materials, at least in Lake Shirakoma, suggests the possibility of bottom materials being the cause of the vertical migration of these two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2776K) -
Masaru FUJIYA1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 462-468
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The effects of copper on oyster were studied, in vitro, since there are many water pollution troubles on the wastes included copper compound in Japan, recently.
2) The TLm value for 96 hrs. of copper to oyster was estimated 1.9 ppm, and there is no lethal effects on oyster actually, except the places near-by outfalls.
3) A dissociation and regressive change of digestive diverticula and desquamation and necrosis of the stomach epithelia were observed, histo-pathologically. On the other hand, the decrease of RNA was observed, cyto-chemically. Then, it was assumed that a poor growth of the organism would be made by the waste.
4) It was estimated that the oyster cultured in sea water mixed small quantity of copper deposited much copper in the bodies, and became unfit for a food material.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K) -
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SUSPENSION FACTOR, EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT AND TURBIDITYTasuku HANAOKA, Atsushi FURUKAWA, Kazuhiko NOGAMI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 469-471
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors previously reported an equation μ=aT-b, where μ is extinction coefficient of incident light into a suspension, T visible transparency depth of Secchi-disc and a, bconstants.
“a” can be an index of the particle size, as far as “b” remains to be a certain value though it varies by the quality of suspended material. In the sea water, the value of b was recognized to be 0.3 in neritic and even in oceanic waters.
So “a”, the suspension factor, of various sea regions can be comparable to each other and is observed to be a good indicator of the condition for the growth of filter-feeders there, and recently a-Cl number, combined “a” value with Cl‰, was showed to be a better index for it.
When T can't be observed, “a” is obtained as follows from the values of μ and τ, Turbidity, in situ.
Generally in the suspensions of such particles as their size is of the same order to the wave-length of incident-light or slightly larger, there is a relation μ=kSα, where S is the concentration of particles, α is a constant, 0.2 in sea waters, neritic and oceanic, and k a parameter which varies with the value of “a”, according to the relation k=0.64a-0.055.
While theoretically there is a relation τ=γS, where γ is a parameter which varies with the particle diameter.
From these two eqs. we can obtain μ=k'τ0.2, wrere k'=kγ-0.2. This relation was recognized to be in good fit with many data hitherto obtained actually by assuming k'=0.72a-0.04.
And we obtain a=1.38μτ-0.2+0.056
according to which “a” can be obtained even by layers in the sea from μ and τ without T.
Applying the value of γ computed theroretically by Burt under the condition that the wave-length is 550mμ and refraction coefficient between particle and water 1.15, the diameters of particles by “a” values were tried to obatin from the eq.
γ=(0.64a-0.055/0.72a-0.040)5,
resulting the diameters of 2-5μ in usual bay-waters in Japan, as shown in figures.View full abstractDownload PDF (217K) -
RELATION BETWEEN APPEARANCE OF DOMINANT AGE GROUP OF BIGEYED TUNA AND SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE IN SPAWNING AND LARVAE CULTIVATED AREAJun NAKAGOME1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 472-475
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have studied to compare on undermention between 1950 and 1954 when dominant age groups of bigeyed tuna were spawned and 1951-1953 and 1955-1956 when non-dominant age groups of the fish were spawned.
a) mean surface water temperatures in low temperature period and those in high temperature period.
b) differences of mean surface water temperature between low temperature period and high temperature period of the years.
c) differences of mean surface water temperature between high temperature period and low temperature period of the next years.
d) differences of surface water temperature between January and lowest temperature month.
As the result, I could know that differences of mean surface water temperature between low temperature period and high temperature period of the year in 1950 and 1954 differ from those in 1951-1953 and 1955-1956; those in 1950 and 1954 is low and those in 1951-1935 and 1955-1956 is high.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE INTERRENAL CELLS OF FISHESMikio OGURI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 476-480
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The mammalian ACTH is effective for teleosts and accelerate the function of interrenal cells. Consequently the conspicuous hypertrophy of nuclei occurs.
2) Elevating the salinity of dilute sea water and continuing the rearing of goldfish, the conspicuous degeneration of interrenal cells occurs at last.
3) In goldfish reared in 0.1% thiourea solution for long periods (42-50 days), the interrenal cells show the hypofunctional state and many melanin pigment granules appear in the cytoplasm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1221K) -
Mikio OGURI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 481-485
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Remarkable histological changes are observed in the interrenal bodies of N. japonica, collected during the breeding season and hypertrophy of interrenal cells was found in those animals with mature eggs or embryos. On the contrary, no considerable histological alteration was detected in those bodies of T. scyllia.
2. The extrusion of nucleolar materials out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm is almost found in the interrenal cells of Japanese elasmobranchs investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1222K) -
NEW FUNCTIONS OF THE ERYTHROCYTE RESPECTING COAGULATION IN FISH BLOODRyôgo YÛKI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 486-489
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report describes evidence that the erythrocytes of fish, at least, of a few species of the salmonoid have both an accelerative factor for the fibrin formation and a function of the thromboplastin generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
ON THE “NUCLEAR SHADOW” FOUND IN BLOOD SMEAR PREPARATIONRyôgo YÛKI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 490-495
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In smear preparations of fish blood, the formless bodies are often observed, which are different from any of the blood elements such as erythrocytes, leucocytes and spindle cells. These bodies are not provided with any fundamental structure like that of the usual blood cell; they are colored light purplish red by Wright-Giemsa staining (Fig. 1a-d). The reason why the author calls this special body a “Nuclear shadow” and its origin are described in the present paper.
2) It is presumable that the blood cell which has become easily broken down by some factors disintegrates at the time of smear preparation leaving its nucleus to be a nuclear shadow.
3) Blood cells in the senescent state are considered to be one sort of the cells which are easily broken down by smear preparation. Judging from the constituent ratio of the circulating blood cells, almost all of the nuclear shadows owe their origin to erythrocytes. Therefore, it may be said that the degree of the occurrence of nuclear shadows in the smear preparation indicates indirectly the content of senescent erythrocytes in the circulating blood.
4) Abnormally there are found a number of nuclear shadows when a smear preparation is made using the blood which has partly clotted (Fig. 5). Such a phenomenon may be correlated with the clotting factor of fish erythrocytes, the existence of which has been demonstrated by the author.15)
5) As is clear from the above findings, that must be justified in judging whether or not the nuclear shadows observed were caused by physiological changes of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Yarokuro YAMAMURA1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 496-499
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A mathematical consideration was made on the mechanism of the consumption and accumulation of vitamin A in fish body of the oil sole (Athresthes evermanni JORDAN & STARKS), which lives in the deep sea in north-eastern Japan.
2. The velocity of accumulation of vitamin A into the liver including the pyloric ceaca are given by
dA/dt=αfW-γ•α-α'/βW (1)
where, W denotes the body-weight of the fish, f, the vitamin A concentration of feeding substances, α, the rate of feeding, α', the rate of feeding necessary for the minimum vitality, β, a coefficient concerning the increase of body-weight, γ, a coefficient concerning the consumption of vitamin A in the body.
3. Vitamin A contents (A) of the liver and the pyloric ceaca of the fish are of a function of the body-length (L), which is expressed by
A/ln ?? k=∫λn/1-λdλ=φ(λ) (2)
where, l ?? signifies the maximum body-length of the species, λ equals l/l ?? , k is αf-γ/β(α-α')/ε (ε: a coefficient concerning the rate of growth).View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
ON THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF VISCERA (PART-1)Takashi TAKAHASHI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 500-503
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFew reports have been published regarding the investigation on the enzymes of viscera of cuttle-fish, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus. OSHIMA et al1) have pointed out the existence of proteinase and amylase in the viscera, and NARA2) has investigated on the proteolytic enzymes of the liver and reported the presence of cathepsin like enzymes.
The present paper deals with the proteolytic activity shown by extracts of digestive organs (stomach, blind sac and intestine, pancreas, and liver) of cuttle-fish. The results are shown in Figs. 1 and 2, Table 1, and summarized as follows:
1) The optimal pH for casein digestion by stomach extract and by extract of blind sacintestine was in the range of 8.0-8.5 and 8.0-8.5, respectively; by pancreatic extract 6.5-7.0 and 8.0-8.5; by liver extract 2.5 and 5.0-6.0 (Fig. 1).
2) The optimal temperature for casein digestion by the extract of stomach or blind sacintestine was 47.5°C at pH 8.0; of pancreas 42.5°C at pH 8.0; of liver 40.0°C at pH 2.5 and 50.0°C at pH 6.0 (Fig. 2).
3) In “unit activity” which refers to the number of proteinase unit per ml. of original extract the blind sac and intestine was the highest among these organs, but the liver was from ten to ninety times higher than the other three organs in “total activity” which is the product of the “unit activity” and weight of the organ (Table 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (277K) -
ON THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF VISCERA (PART-2)Takashi TAKAHASHI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 504-507
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments described below deal with the proteolytic activity shown by liver extract of cuttle-fish. The results are summarized as follows:
1) As shown in Fig. 1, it was found that the optimal pH of enzymatic activity for digestion of casein or hemoglobin by liver extract and the value of activity which was shown at the same pH changed with the time of reaction.
2) The relationship between the degree of casein hydrolysis and the time of reaction was shown in Fig. 2. From the results it is evident that the activity is different between the initial stage (0-40 min.) and the subsequent one, the activity in the latter being 1.7 times stronger than that in the former.
3) From the results described in this paper and previous one1) it may be concluded that the desirable pH value is about 5 and temperature is 50°C for autlyzation of cuttle-fish viscera (Fig. 3 and Table 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
PREPARATION OF A CHLORINATION PRODUCT WITH HIGH MELTING POINTKosaku SUZUKI1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 508-513
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is desirable for a chlorination product of fish oil available as an ingredient of fireretarding paint to have not only incombustibility but a high melting point. Melting point of the product formerly reported was low, 54°C. But a product the melting point of which is 141°C is obtainable, when fish oil is chlorinated considering the following data obtained in present study:
(1) BPO, benzoyl peroxide, added to fish oil dissolved in a solvent is effective to raise a melting point of the chlorination product.
(2) Chlorination temperature is to be raised gradually from 50-60°C up to 150°C without causing the reaction mixture to boil.
(3) A chlorination product of higher melting point is prepared by chlorination of fish oil polymerized by using di-t-butyl peroxide. When fish oil is polymerized so highly that it becomes solid and insoluble, it is no longer suitable to be used as raw material. Therefore, the polymerization should be so controlled as not to make the oil insoluble.
(4) As the solvent o-dichlorobenzene is recommendable.
(5) Strong phosphoric acid, being effective to prepare the chlorination product of a high melting point, is to be added to the reaction mixture at the end of chlorination at 90°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Yasuo YONE, Seiya FUZINO, Tetuo TOMIYAMA1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 514-519
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been well known fact that chlortetracycline (CTC) is very stable in acid solution but not in alkaline solution. The pH of sea water is near 8.0 or more, but it is obliged to use sea water for storage of fish aboard. The aims of this paper are to investigate the stability and the bacteriostatic effect of CTC in sea water. The results can be summarized as follows:
1. CTC was stable in sea water compared with CTC in phosphate buffer solution with pH 8.0 (Fig. 1).
2. The antibiotic was rapidly destroyed in effluent of sea water through a column of cation exchange resin (H), but very stable in percolate expelled with 2 N hydrochloric acid (Fig. 2).
3. CTC was stable in magnesium sulphate and calcium acetate solutions (Table 1).
4. Bacteriostatic effect of CTC in magnesium sulphate solution containing Mg++ at equal level to the cation in sea water was equal to that of CTC in sea water (Table 3).
5. Bacteriostatic and preservative effect of CTC in sea water were recovered by addition of citric acid (Table 2 and Figs. 3, 4).
6. CTC was very stable in sea water containing citric acid (Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
AN IMPROVED AERATION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VRSTetsuo TOMIYAMA, Shigenobu OYAMA, Seiya FUJINO1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 520-524
Published: May 25, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the improvement of the FARBER method2) on employing deproteinized extract for the aeration in place of the pressed muscle juice and on aeration at pH 9.3 rather than unadjusted pH of sample tissue.
The VRS value of mackerel and albacore obtained by the present method amounts approximately one-half as much as that by the TOMIYAMA et al's steam distillation method3).
This infers that VRS determined by the aeration method involves volatile substances possessing higher volatility.
It was found that the volatility of VRS varied with the freshness of sample flesh and that trimethylamine could hardly be removed at pH 7.0-7.7 whereas nearly one-half as much removed at pH 9.3. It was also noted that the FARBER method was capable of determining rather a small fraction (29%) of the neutral substances as compared with the TOMIYAMA et al method.View full abstractDownload PDF (386K) -
1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 542a
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (33K) -
1960 Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 542b
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (33K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|