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Volume 45, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Kazuo INA, Yoshikazu RYOHGI, Kumi HIGASHI1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSColor sensitivity of sea bream was studied by the method of behavioral observation of fish.
The red color substances in viscera of squid (Todarodes pacificus) and mysid shrimp induced the feeding behavior of sea bream. Absorption maxima of these colors were at 460nm in petroleum ether.
Of the synthetic pigments, yellow (naphthol yellow 1), orange (orange 1) and red (ponceau 3R) which have absorption maxima in the 430 to 500nm in water region and vitamin B2 caused only an attractive behavior of fish.
Optimun concentration of these pigments were 0.004mg/ml for yellow, 0.018mg/ml for orange, 0.010mg/ml for red, 0.071mg/ml for coffee color and 0.080mg/ml for vitaminB2.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
The Influence of Starvation on the Survival and Growth of the Zuwai CrabTohshi KON1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 7-9
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of starvation on the survival and growth of larvae of the zuwai crab, Chionoecetes opilio, were investigated in the laboratory. Out of 150 newly hatched individuals of zoea reared without food, about 80 per cent of them survived for 7 days, but none of them lived longer than 18 days. Fifty zoeas of the second stage administered sufficient food during the first stage were also reared without food. More than 80 per cent of the zoeas to which no food was given survived for 12 days, but none of them lived longer than 18 days.
The initial delay of feeding brought about the prolongation of the intermolt period. The period of the prolongation was almost equal to the duration of delay of feeding, if its duration was within a week. On the other hand, in the case of delay beyond 7 days a longer prolongation than the period of the initial delay resulted. If the larvae were starved for 14 days, all the animals died within 20 days without molt.View full abstractDownload PDF (246K) -
Kazutsugu HIRAYAMA, Kenzo TAKAGI, Hiroshi KIMURA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNutritional effects of marine phytoplankton on population growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were investigated under sterile conditions. First-laid eggs of the rotifers were divided into two groups, and one was cultured with a species of phytoplankton and the other was cultured with Chlorella sp. (marine type) as control. They were cultured separately in many test tubes, each containing two individuals and were observed daily to obtain the survival rate and the fecundity, while food phytoplankton suspension was renewed daily. The phytoplankton suspension was adjusted at the concentration which had been decided previously as the desirable cell concentration for population growth of the rotifers. From these daily counts, intrinsic rate of population growth and net reproduction rate were calculated as the indices for evaluating the nutritional effect of phytoplankton on population growth of the rotifers.
Eight species of phytoplankton were evaluated in terms of nutritional effect on population growth of the rotifers as follows. Two species of Synechococcus elongatus and Chlorella sp. were evaluated as excellent food plankton, four species of Chlamydomonas sp, , Monochrysis lutheri, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Cyclotella cryptica as average and two species of Eutreptiella sp. and Nitzschia clostelium as deficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Modeling and Simulation of the Fish Behavior in a TrapTeisuke MIURA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComputer simulation techniques to estimate the behavior of fish were used. For the modeling of fish behavior, one fish was released in a trap. The trajectory of swimming fish was analized to find out the distribution of swimming speed and the anguler distribution to the direction of motion.
As the result, they were fitted considerably well for Erlang distribution and Gauss distribution. In addition, the modeling and computer simulation were tried with consideration to the shape of the trap.
Comparing the staying time in the trap of the computer simulation with that of observation, both were in close agreement.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Experimental Control by TrichlorfonRyozo IMADA, Kiyokuni MUROGA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 25-29
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the first experiment, the effects of trichlorfon, formalin and sodium chloride baths on the control of Pseudodactylogylus microrchis on eels (Anguilla anguilla) were studied comparatively. As a result, the 0.5 ppm•24 hour-bath of trichlorfon proved to be potentially practical in both respects of effectiveness and harmlessness.
In the second experiment, the effective way of treatment with 0.5 ppm•24 hour trichlorfon bath was examined. In consequence, a double 0.5 ppm•24 hour-bath of trichlorfon with an adequate interval was confirmed to be completely effective for the control of the worm. The second bath was found to be indispensable, because the eels became reinfected with the young forms hatched from eggs which were laid during the first bath.
The interval between the first bath and the second bath depends on the time required for hatching of the eggs. And, actually, 3 days interval proved adequate at the experimental water temperature of 25.5-28°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Keiji HIROSE, Yo-ichi MACHIDA, Edward M. DONALDSON1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to determine the effects of delay between ovulation and stripping on egg quality in the Japanese flounder. Post-ovulatory eggs were divided into 2 categories. Eggs in stage I were normal, whereas those in stage II were over-ripened and observed to be 3 to 5 days affer ovulation. In HCG-treated fish the percentages of successful fertilization and hatching indicatied were maximal one day after ovulation, followed by a rapid decrease, whereas in SG-G100-treated fish the fertilization rate was maximal 2 days after ovulation, followed by a more gradual decrease. It is shown that flounder eggs remain in good condition for 2 or 3 days depending upon the type of hormone used to induce ovulation. Changes in body weight, water and sodium contents of the eggs are discussed in relation to the over-ripening phenomenon.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Toshio MORITA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of three related freshwater eels, Anguilla anguilla, A. rostrata, and A. japonica were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis using a citrate-aminopropylmorpholin buffer adjusted to pH 6.0. Five equal-spaced major bands were observed in LDH zymograms of the adult muscle exudation and the whole elver homogenate through the three species. The most anodal band was identified as the homotetramer of B subunits (B4), and the most cathodal as the homotetramer of A subunit (A4), based on the specificity of tissue distribution of these isozymes. These A4, and B4 bands of the Japanese eel were different from those of the European and American eels in electrophoretic mobility. In the MDH zymograms of muscle, four major bands were observed in all the three species. One of these, the activity of which was especially intense with the liver, was identified as A2. The other two equal-spaced major bands of muscle were identified as AB and B2, and the remaining most cathodal one as C2. The European eel was distinguished from the American and Japanese eels by the A2 band. The Japanese eel was also distinguished from the other species by the B2 band. Although some variants were found in the LDH and MDH isozyme patterns of the respective species, their incidences were very low, and any alleles of these variants were not common among the three species.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Age and Growth of Japanese Dogfish Mustelus manazo BLEEKER in the East China SeaSho TANAKA, Kazuhiro MIZUE1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVertebral centrums of Japanese dogfish Mustelus manazo which were caught in the East China Sea between July 1975 and February 1977 and collected at Nagasaki Fishmarket were used as the materials for age-determination and growth studies. One ring is formed once a year in both sexes from March to June. Von Bertalanffy growth equation of this species which was obtained by Allen's method is:
Lt=71.4[1-exp(-0.695(t+0.734))]for males
Lt=88.6[1-exp(-0.379(t+1.133))]for females
where Lt is the total length in cm at age t and t is age in years. Estimating from growth curves, the sexual maturity of this species is at the age of two or three years in males as well as in females. The relationship between the total lengthL (cm) and the body weight W(g)is: W=6.41×10-3L2.8524 for males and W=9.98×10-4L3.3093 for females.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Yoshikazu SATO, Yasuhiko TSUCHIYA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Degenerative changes occurred in the liver of rats administered with sperm oil, and the hepatic cells of the central part showed atrophy and necrosis. The blood corpuscles in capillaries around the hepatic central vein increased in number, indicating the symptoms of an early stage of congestive liver.
2. In the rats with seborrhea induced by cotton seed oil, the symptoms of fatty liver were observed and numerous lipid droplets of various sizes were detected in the cytoplasm of hepatic cells around Glisson's sheath.
3. The sebaceous glands were markedly hypertrophied and functionally stimulated. The lipid granules in the cells of these glands increased in size and number.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Syuichi SAKAMOTO, Yasuo YONE1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 57-60
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed sea bream, Chrysophrys major, were fed diets with and without supplemental magnesium (66 and 12mg Mg per 100g diet, respectively) over a 60-day period. No significant differences were recognized between the two groups in the following determinations: the growth rate, feed efficiency, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index; the hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular diameter, percentage of immature erythrocytes, number of lymphocytes and granulocytes per 1000 red blood cells, and content of magnesium in the whole blood; the blood serum levels of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and urea-N; the moisture, lipid, and glycogen content of the dorsal muscle and liver; and the ash, calcium, phos-phorus, and magnesium content of the vertebrae. Furthermore, no pathological change was recognized in the organs, erythrocytes, and leucocytes of fish fed the diet without the magnesium supplement. From these findings, it appears that magnesium supplementation in the diet for red sea bream is not essential, when the magnesium exists at a level exceeding 12mg per 100g diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Nitrogen Metabolism in the Goldfish Culturing Pond*1Akira KAWAI, Motohiko SUGIYAMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 61-65
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the use of the 15N tracer technique, the nitrogen metabolism was studied in the model system of a goldfish culturing pond. A large part of 15N labeled ammonium nitrogen metabolized was incorporated into the organisms of the primary trophic level in the early stages of the experiment, then transformed into dissolved organic nitrogen either in the excretion of the organisms or in the decomposition process of their dead bodies. On the other side, only a small amount of this ammonium nitrogen was incorporated into the organisms of the higher trophic level, zooplankton and fish. Ammonium nitrogen in the water was oxidized to nitrate nitrogen via nitrites; a con-siderable part of this nitrite nitrogen was transformed to gaseous nitrogen in the process of bacterial denitrification. A large amount of ammonium nitrogen was also transfered into the bottom mud through various metabolic pathways.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Rokuro ADACHI, Yasuwo FUKUYO1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 67-71
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGambierdiscus toxicus gen. et sp. nov. is described. This is a toxin producing dinoflagellate which was collected in a ciguatera-endemic area. Observations were made using both a light microscope with or without phase-contrast and a scanning electron microscope. This species is distincdve in its antero-posterior compressed body shape, with a circular narrow deep cingulum and a deep hollow sulcus. The theca consists of 33 plates: Po, 3', Oa, 7", 6c, 8s, 6"', 1p, 1"". The plate pattern of this species is characteristic in having extremely reduced precingulars 1" and 7", which are situated between apical 1' and the sulcal excavation and are clearly separate from apical 2" and 4". These features and others indicate that this genus should be assigned to the Heteraulacaceae family. This species is always sessile and attaches to dead coral and seaweed, especially brown alga, Turbinaria ornata J. AGARDH. A large number of this species were taken around the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia, in May 1975.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
Yoshiaki ITOH, Reiji YOSHINAKA, Shizunori IKEDA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 73-77
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish a model system for the elucidation of the heat-gelling mechanism of fish meat in connection with the development of elastic properties of Kamaboko, the gel forming ability of carp actomyosin (AM) was investigated under various conditions. The gel forming ability of AM was evaluated via the rigidity modulus (G), which was determined at 3±1°C by measuring the strain resulting from the stress of pressure exerted on the gel.
When AM was heated at 80°C under various conditions, the G value of the gel was maximum under the conditions of KCl concentration 0.6M, pH 6.3, and heating time 60-120 min. The double logarithmic plot for AM concentration vs. G of the gel gave a straight line.
When AM was heated at various temperatures for 60 min in 0.6M KCl (pH 6.3), firm gels were formed above 40°C; the gel formed at 60°C was the hardest. The gel formed at 40°C became harder and the gel formed at 60°C became softer by reheating at 80°C for 20 min.
The behavior of the gel forming ability at 80°C of AM with respect to salt concentration, pH, and AM concentration was compatible with the known behavior of the gel forming ability of fish meat under the same conditions. It can therefore be presumed that AM contributes to the gel forming ability of fish meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Sachio MOTEGI1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 79-87
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies have been undertaken to investigate changes in microflora associated with the spoilage of commercial fish sausages collected in the period from 1962 to 1975. One hundred and thirteen commercial fish sausages were examined, and 753 strains of Bacilli were isolated. In addition, the factors affecting the change of microflora of fish sausage were analyzed from the viewpoint of food packaging technology. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1. Changes in the microflora of fish sausage were found to be greatly affected not only by the adhesive character of the packaging film to the meat, but also by the heat-processing conditions.
2. When fish sausages were, packaged in a film of poor adhesiveness to meat, free water appeared in the space between the film and She surface of the fish sausage. Then the products tended to be spoiled with weak gas formation. B. firmus was isolated from such deteriorations.
3. The sausages packaged in a film of excellent adhesiveness to meat developed either a softening type of spoilage or some spot-forming deterioration. B. coagulans and B. circulans were isolated from these types of fish sausage deterioation.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Sachio MOTEGI1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 89-92
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were undertaken to elucidate the effect of the adhesive character of packaging film to meat on the growth of microorganisms responsible for the deterioration of fish sausage. Raw materials of test sausage were inoculated with varying numbers of B. firmus and/or B. circulans spores, then packaged in polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) films having different degrees of adhesiveness to meat and oxygen transmission rates. These materials were then heated at 90°C for 60 minutes. All sausage samples prepared were kept at 30°C for 3 weeks.
When the sausage was packaged in a film casing of poor adhesiveness to meat, free water appeared in the space between the film and the fish sausage surface at an early stage of storage; B. firmus dominated in the water to cause a spoilage characterized by weak gas formation. On the contrary, in the sausage packaged in a film of excellent adhesiveness to meat, B. circulans became predominant; these caused the softening type of deterioration when the inoculum size of the spores was the same or greater than that of B. firmus. When the number of spores of B. firmus exceeded that of B. circulans, the sausage again exhibited a weak gas forming type of deterioation.
It was found that the oxygen gas transmission rate of a film did not significantly affect the growth of these microorganisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Kazutami KUWANO, Akio TSUKUI, Toshio MITAMURA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 93-97
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe porous antarctic krill protein concentrate (P-KPC) was manufactured from a frozen block of the antractic krill by the following process (1-6). 1. The exskeleton was eliminated from the minced krill by centrifuging. 2. Sponge-like krill cake was prepared by a heat denaturation method (100°C, 30 min). 3. This was frozen (-40°C) and stored (-20°C). 4. The frozen krill cake was cut into 0.5-1cm cubes. 5. The cubes were dehydrated and defatted by ethyl alcohol, and washed with n-hexane. 6. They were dried under a vacuum at 60°C. The yield of the P-KPC from 4, 500g of the krill was 364g (8.09%). The chemical composition of the P-KPC was as follows: moisture, 5.15%; crude protein, 79.03%; crude fat, 0.20%; crude ash, 12.02%; nitrogen free extract, 3.60%, The P-KPC was immersed into 4 times its weight of hot water (80°C). The water-absorbed P-KPC could be mixed with minced meat food.
From the above results, it was found that more than 4, 000 tons of the minced meat-like protein matter could be obtained by these processing steps from the 10, 000 tons of antractic krill.View full abstractDownload PDF (795K) -
Estimation of Enzymic Activities of the Intestinal BacteriaAleya HAMID, Taizo SAKATA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 99-106
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare the enzymic activities of the bacteria in the intestine of gray mullet, Mugil cephalus, an amphidromous fish with an undeveloped stomach. These bacteria may help the digestion of high molecular weight compounds in the intestine. It was found that most of the isolates possessed strong proteolytic activity, in which the gelatinolytic activity was stronger than the caseinolytic activity. Almost all Vibrio and Enterobacter isolated from the intestine possessed strong protease and amylase isozymal electrophoretic bands. Clear differences between the protease and amylase isozyme zymograms were noticed with Vibrio, Entero-bacter, and the other isolates. Some of the isolates possessed chitinase and lecithinase activities, but none of the isolates tested showed these activity bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All the active patterns obtained from Vibrio and Enterobacter showed more and stronger bands than those from the other isolates. On the other hand, the mullet intestine possessed a detectable level of proteolytic activity, but it did not show any chitinase or amylase activity. The enzymic activities in the digestion of high molecular weight compounds were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1034K) -
Takashi NAKAMURA, Noboru UEKIHARA, Masamichi TOYOMIZU1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 107-114
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethyl linoleate was oxidized at 40°C, and 70%-and 95%-oxidized linoleate were used as samples. Monomer fractions were obtained by gel chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X 3 with benzene and sub-fractionated into three fractions by gel chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 with acetone. The three fractions were composed chiefly of unoxidized linoleate, oxygenated products, and degradation products respectively.
Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry was carried out on the subfractions after succes-sive treatment with dimethylhydrazine-, diazornethane-, and trimethylsilyl ether-reagents. Some of degradation products which contained a carboxyl residue were identified as methyl esters of 8-hydroxyoctanoate, 8-carboxyoctanoate, 7-formylheptanoate, 9-carboxynonanoate, 8-formyl-octanoate, 9-hydroxydecanoate, 9-hydroxy-10-undecenoate, 9-formyl-8-nonenoate, 10-formyl-9-decenoate, 9-formyl-9-oxononanoate and 11-formyl-9-hydroxy-10-undecenoate.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Free Amino Acids in ExtractsMasayosi MIYAGAWA, Sadayuki NAKAMOTO, Kayoko YAMANE, Aoi SHINPO, Sadak ...1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 115-120
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe taste of snow crabs depends on the sex of the crab, the organs eaten, the cooking methods used, etc. We analysed the free amino acids in aqueous methanol extracts from the raw and boiled crabs, and from individual organs of the male and the female. A common feature of the free amino acid composition in the extracts from the muscle was the high con-tents of taurine, glycine, and alanine; their sum accounted for nearly 50% of the total free amino acids. In the extracts from the muscle of raw crabs, a large quantity of arginine was detected, but in those from boiled ones, only a very little was found. On the contrary, only a little citrulline and ornithine were detected in the extracts from the muscles of raw crabs, but a great deal was found in those from boiled ones.
In the extracts from the raw and boiled hepatopancreas of both oya-gani and mizu-gani, a large quantity of sarcosine was involved, and in the extracts from the raw hepatopancreas of both, a considerable amount of glutamic acid was detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Changes in Ca2+-ATPase Activity and Extractability during the Period from Death to SpoilageShigeo EHIRA, Hitoshi UCHIYAMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 121-127
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between the lowering of freshness of iced fish and the denaturation of its myofibrillar protein were examined for stone fiounder, Plaice, and carp.
1) The Decomposing rate of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and the increasing rate of the freshness estimation index, K value, during ice storage differed by species, as reported previ-ously; both rates were fastest for stone tloander, followed by carp and then plaice.
2) The velocity maximum (Vm) and the specific activity of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase of the 3 fishes did not show the trend to decrease even after they spoiled.
3) The sarcoplasmic+myofibrillar protein to total protein ratio remained above 90% throughout the 15-day ice storage.
4) The total actomyosin Ca2+-ATPase activity of stone flounder and plaice changed little during the 14-day ice storage.
5) It was concluded that the K value is a much better index than the denaturation rate of myofibrillar protein in estimating the quality changes of unfrozen white meat fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Hisao KAMIYA, Kenji NAKA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 129
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (77K) -
Shigejiro YASUDA, Narihiko FUKAMIYA1979 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 131
Published: January 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (76K)
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