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Volume 16, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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K. TANII1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 115-118
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently in the process of the agar manufacture, sometimes it is necessary to wash the agar gel. The three ways of processing agar gel got from the same boiling have been here discussed.
The processes are as follows:
(1) The agar gel is frozen, thawed with water, centrifuged, air-dried with fan, and thus is made to the agar.
(2) The agar gel is frozen, thawed naturally (not with water), air-dried with fan, and thus is made to the agar.
(3) The agar gel is washed with water, centrifuged, frozen, thawed with water, centrifuged again, air-dried with fan, and thus is made to the agar.
The experiments have been repeated three times, I, II and III, and their results are summarized in the Tables 1 and 2.
In the Table 3, the data of the strength of jelly of the agar gel (2%) made from the agars I, II and III, respectively, are shown. (cf. Bull, of the Japanese Society of Scientic Fisheries. Vol. 13, No. 6, p 245, 1948)
As the relation between the concentration and the strength of agar gel was estimated in the previous report (cf. Bull. of the Jap. Soc. of Sci. Fish. Vol. 15, No. 8, p 398, 1949), in the Table 4, the essential agar yields (A×B) of the two processes 1 and 3 were compared.
(A) is the agar gel concentration expressed as agar B in Table I of the previous report No. II, according to the strength of jelly of 2% agar gel (1) and (3).
Apparently (1) and (3) have the remarkable differences in the strength of jelly, T/θ, Tc, and apparent yield (B), but there are little differences in the product (A×B).
These results mean that their essential agar yields are not different even though the apparent yields got by the two processes are not same.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
I. On Living Condition and Breeding HabitsH. KOYAMA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 119-126
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCottus pollux Günther cannot live in some parts of Chikuma River on account of the polluted water or lack of the water caused by power plants. Its breeding in this river occurs from early February to the middle May, and the temperature of water during the season stands 4.0-10.5°C at 10 a. m. The eggs are laid under the flat stones in the rapid stream. The number of the eggs one fish contains is in proportion to the body length, and the breeding is done about 3 times during the season. When the body is 10.5 c.m. long on the aw average, it breeds about 300 eggs a time, and the diameter of the eggs laid under the stone is 2.9-3.3 m.m. The color of the eggs is mostly light orange.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
K. NAKAMURA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 127-131
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI found the following relation between the increase of the fishes and water plants in the irrigation pool.
By too many water plants, the lowering of temperature will be caused, the effective elements consumed, the increase of plankton and bottom fauna hindered, and the swimming of fishes hampe??ed, but without water plants, the spawning of fishes will also be hindered.
For effective production of fishes in a pool, such as 0-ike, in which a lot of water plants are found, we should decrease the water plants by the weeding, use of medicine, manuring, or keeping of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, leaving as little water plants as are necessary to the spawning of fishes. For effective production of fishes in a pool, such as Shin-ike, where are found little Hydrophyte, we should transplant a Hydrophyte into it which are necessary to the spawning of fishes. But, it is hard to produce fishes by transplant of plants, in a pool such as Asama-ike in which the submerged and surface aquatics can not keep their lives because the water is so muddy that it appears yellowish brown. In this case, we should put the egg-collector into the water to help the spawning of Carassius carassius.
We were able to produce more fish by 26.4% in the O-ike, (in which we find a lot of water plants) by setting the Ctenopharyngodon idellus free in the pool and feeding them there to consume the plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
(I) The Secular Variation of YieldT. DOI1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 132-136
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe secular variation in the yield of “IWASI” in the Inland-Sea which fails to be separated into those of Sardine, Anchovy and Round-Herring from the past records, is classified into three types by testing it statistically as time series. A most significant characteristic of the type 1, represented by those from Osaka, Okayama, Hirosima, Kagawa and Tokusima Prefectures which face the Inland-Sea only, is found in the gradual increase of the yield. On the type 2, represented by the fish caught in Hyogo, Wakayama, Yamaguti and Oita which open both in the Inland-Sea and the open sea, this yield has been shown to have declined greatly. And also on the type 3, represented by Ehime, the yield increased first but has been decreasing since 1935. The yearly decreasing stock of Sardine and the increase in intensity of fishery are of importance in explaining fluctuations in the yield, and, what is more important, it is by the different mixing ratios among the three kinds of “IWASP” migrating to each prefecture that three types are chiefly determined in the secular variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
S. SUTO1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 137-140
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Monospores
Shedding occurs when the tide is rising. About 103 spores are shed from 1cm2 of plant in a flood tide. 102 spores were found in 1 L. of sea water in flood tide.
Monospores fix themselves to substrata within one minute, especially to those which are being washed by waves at flood tide.
They develop normally in 1 to 2 days after their fixation.
2. Carpospores
Shedding and fixing habits-of carpospores are quite different from those of monospores and of all the spores of other algae which develop soon. The latter spores shed periodically and the number of spores shed decrease day by day in culture. Their fixing ability is the strongest just after the shedding and they develop normally soon after the fixation. While carpospores of Porphyra sweep out from the margin of plants little by little into the sea accompanied by their mother cells. The number increases day by day in culture. Most of them have no fixing ability and a greater part of them develop abnormally. These facts suggest the possibility that carpospores in winter do not develop soon, but that they may rest during early spring to early autumn in the sea (Kunieda 1939).View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Y. OBATA, H. IGARASHI, M. ISHIDA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 141-144
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe so-called pearl essence which causes iridescence of fish scales has long been considered to owe its peculiar optical characteristic to guanin particles contained. This view was confirmed by the result of our experimental research on the pearl essence obtained from the scales of Tachi-u-o or Hair Tail, Trichiurus haumela (Forskål).
The pearl essence loses its lustre when it is either immersed for a long time in formalin or boiled with formalin. This is probably due to the presence of protein.
Some chemical substances such as tyrosin, zinc salt of stearic acid, BaS2O7, PbHCO3, KCIO3, bismuth compounds and MgNH4•PO4, were examined if each of them should be employable as a substitute for the pearl essence. But none of then gave, iridescence.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
2. On a Cause of the Spoilage of Fish-Meat in the Canned Tomato-SardinesY. OBATA, H. IGARASHI, M. ISHIDA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 145-146
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen we open cans containing tomato-sardines, the enclosed fish-meat is often found to have been dyed pink. Presuming that this spoilage might be caused by accarotinoid pigment, licopine, in tomato, we have carried out experiments to know the effects of licopine and tomato-purée upon guarin.
The results are as follows:
1) When licopine becomes a solution, it dyes guanin with ease.
2) Guanin placed in tomato-purée is dyed with the latter only after many hours.
3) Guanin which has come in contact with oil is readily dyed with tomato-purée.View full abstractDownload PDF (154K) -
3. Application of the Color Reaction of p-Quinone induced by the Putrefaction Products of Fish-Meat to the Quantitative Determination of the Fish-meat FreshnessY. OBATA, M. ISHIDA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 147-150
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper we have reported that the p-quinone reaction was applicable qualitatively as a simple determination method of the fish-meat freshness.
The present experiments were carried out to see whether the same reaction would be applicable or not as a quantitative determination method. The results so far obtained are as follows.
The reddish brown color of the reagent shows a tendency to become more dark in proportion as the loss of the fish-meat freshness advances.
But it is impossible to detect precisely by the color reaction method the critical grade of the loss in the fish-meat freshness considered from the sanitary point of view.
Furthermore, the color reaction of p-quinone proves hardly applicable to a quantitative colorimetric determination of the fish-meat freshness on account of a lot of technical difficulties to prepare necessary standard colors.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
i) The Extraction by Sodium HydroxideI. MUKAI1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 151-154
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to ascertain the chemical composition of the pigment of common rorquals, the writer have continued after the first report a study of the extracti n of the pigment and obtained the following results.
(1) It was discovered that sodium hydroxide was most desirable as the extracting drug of the pigment absorbed to the fuller's earth.
(2) It was discovered that the extraction of the pigment by sodium hydroxide was most desirable on the following conditions.
(a) The concentration of 3% of sodium hydroxide was most desirable on experiment, 20% quantity of fuller's earth was favorable to 3% of sodium hydroxide.
(b) The pigment was extracted perfectly above 5°C.
The time required for the completion of extraction of pigment from the fuller's earth was shorten as the temperature rose.
But, it was discovered that above 60°C, it was unfavorable since the extracting pigment turned into deep color.
Consequently, it was most desirable when the extraction was treated for an hour at 60°C.
In the case of a large quantity, we obtained the results that the treatment for 3 hours at the room temperature was the fittest.View full abstractDownload PDF (257K) -
Y. OHSHIMA1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 155-164
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behaviour of fishes driven by a drag-net or besieged in it was studied experimentally. By means of the model of drag-nets, the mesh of which is so large as the fishes, Hprocheilus latipes (T. et SCHL.), can pass through and whicl moves automatically along a long tank (see Fig. 1). According to Exp. 1 and 3, the fishes, majority of them, don't pss through the moving net, so far as the net's velocity is of a range, 0.20-0.06 Meter/second. Exp. 2 indicates that they besiged in the wing of a drag-net don't fall into the bag. The results have been summarized in Table 1-8. It is suggested through another result obtained by an out-door experiment, which was carried out on the fishing-action of an small drag-net used to catch young fishes in the shallow water, that the knowledge obtained by the laboratory experiment is applicable to practical works.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
On the Selection of Effective FrequenciesT. KUROKI1950 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 165-170
Published: September 25, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUp to the present time, the studies on electric fishing screen have been chiefly attempted upon the ecological processes either by simple electric direct current or by commercial alternative current.
The present writer intended to get more practical and useful effects by finding out the most suitable forms of electric waves, cycles and electric powers through the electrodynamical investigations for the e??ectric fishing screen.
In this paper, the cycle of electric waves which are to be adopted practically has been also discussed theoretically according to some new experimental results. The theoretical foundation was obtained from the experimental facts that confirmed the existence of ζ(zi:t∂)-point in some kinds of fish. The ζ-point, called by the author, means the boundary point in which the motion, ahead or astern, of fish is to be districted by the shifting presence of the electric stimuli in the b??dy of fish.
In consequence of this investigations the results were summarized as follow:
a) As to the useful cycles a clear distinction between the electrifying one and electrocuting one should be kept strictly.
b) Lower frequency of cycles than that of anticipated one should be employed.
c) Larvae of fish may be protected by limitting the frequencies of cycles.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K)
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