All issues
Volume 15, Issue 6
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Y. HASHIMOTO, K. ONOMA1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 253-258
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the digestive system of Dolabella scapula, cellulase was detected in gastric teeth and digestive juice both in stomach and intestine, but not in salivary gland, oesophagus, mastricatory stomach, liver and intestine (Tab. II and Fig. I). The opt. pH of Dolabella cellulase was 5.1 (Fig. III).
Gastric teeth in mastricatory stomach possesses also alginase, xylanase and amylase (Tab. III), and it seems to do similar function as the crystalline style of, Lamellibranchia and few Gastropoda
. The liver of ship-worm (Teredo sp.) was active in cellulase, alginase and xylanase.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
M. MIGITA, Y. HASHIMOTO1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 259-261
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSZsuau-hi, a common fresh water fish in China and Formosa, is a well-known grass feeder.
It is attempted to obtain some knowledge about digestion of higher carbohydrates, especially of cellulose, by this fish. Examining digestive enzymes and also intestinal contens, we have come to conclusion that Zsuau-hi does not digest cellulose at all. When vegetable tissues are taken, only protoplasma of cells are utilized, whereas cell membrane remains unchanged.
Among the digestive enzymes in question, amylase was active, xylanase was detectable, but not alginase and cellulase. (Tab. I)
Compared with carp, in the enzymes, length of intestine (Tab. II) and other respects, Zsuau-hi seemes to show no significant difference in digestion process of higher carbohydrates.View full abstractDownload PDF (208K) -
K. AMANO, H. UCHIYAMA, F. TOMIYA1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 262-266
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a delicate and characteristic method for detecting the early stages of decom-position of fish flesh, we reported the coagulation test of soluble protein-like subs-tances with mercuric chloride solution. In the previous paper, it was described that the coagulum probably contains soluble protein, and also mercuric-amino-chloride but in lesser amount**. However, some questions have been, yet left whether the coagulum, contains hexon bases. To. solve this problem, the precipi-tability of mercuric chloride with hexon bases was examined in aqueous extracts of fish muscle.
In the first experiment, 10 gms of putrid flesh of skipjack were ground and mixed with 1CO c.c. of distilled water, filtered off after 60 minutes. To 10 c.c. of the filtrates added 1 c.c. of 20% trichloracetic acid and the precipitates were removed; filtrates were heated on water. bath for about 10 minutes to drive out CCl3C00H as chloroform, and then cooled off. To this added 5 c.c. of 1% HgCl2. No precipitate was obtained in this treatment. (See Table 1)
In the second experiment, we tried to estimate the amount of hexon bases in the filtrates which was obtained either by removing the precipitates of CCl3C00H or by giving off that of HgCl2 of the aqueous extracts of fish flesh. The marlin flesh, in this case, stored at room temperature, was observed for determining the hexon bases during the decomposition. To each 10 c.c. of the filtrates prepared as noted above, added 0.5 c.c. of conc. sulfuric acid as well as 2 c.c. of 5% phospho-tungstic acid in order to precipitate hexon bases in the solution. Nitrogen contentof the precipitates was determined by Kjeldahl method; the re ?? ults are summarized in Table 2. It is apparent that the amount of hexon base nitrogen is not much different in the filtrates of two kinds as far as the prim ry'cleavage of the muscle protein goes. (Table 2).
In the light of these experiments, it may be assumed that the mercuric chloride does not react with the hexon bases in the aqueous extracts of I fish meat, further the water soluble protein is the major constituent in the coagulum as already suggested by us**.
It is added : copper salts, such as copper sulfate and copper chloride, though reaction is not so delicate, may be also used. for the same purpose in stead of mercuric chloride. (Table 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
J. NONAKA, K. NISHIGAKI1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 267-269
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Shark-liver oil, with or without pyrogallol dissolved, adsorped by casein powder was stored in dispersed light or in dark The color of the oil which was protected from oxidation by pyrogallol was not changed independently of the stored condition, but in case of no pyrogallol it was changed into dark red and the Nitrogen content of the oil was increased. (Table 1)
2) When trimethylamine gas was blowed into the sharkliver oil, then suddely the color was changed into red and the Iodine value was decreased, Saponification value and Nitrogen content was increased. (Table 2)View full abstractDownload PDF (136K) -
J. NONAKA, Y. GOTO1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 270-271
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the preceding paper, one of the authors assumed that for discolorating fish oil darkly red was necessary to oxidize the fat as a premise. Pyrogallol which added to the oil was matter of course considered the inhibitor for the oxidation of oil, but it may be considered that some chemical reactions will have occured according to the contact of pyrogallol with the colored matters or their precusors.
In this paper the author confirmed his asumption by repeating the experiment in somewhat modified method by means of controlling the oxygen content in the air which contacts with the oil.
In the Table, A means the oil absorped by the filter paper (6×30cm), and B the oil absorped by the other filter paper dried up after dipping in 5% casein solution. The acrobic mcans the condition that the oil absorped filter paper was stored in a larger test tube containing a smaller one with alkali solution in itself, and anaerobic means the condition that the larger test tube with above mentioned filter paper and the smaller test tube contained pyrogallol-alkali solution closed by a rubber stopper.View full abstractDownload PDF (141K) -
M. SATO1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 272-276
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present paper, I have examined the histological structure of the pit organs of a Japanese catfish. The pit organs, as HERRICK (1901) already mentioned, are divided into two kinds, viz., the large and the small pit organ. The large pit organs are commonly detected by the nakedeye examination on account of the absense of pigmentation around them. They are arranged on the head and trunk in difinite lines as shown if Fig. 1. The minute structure of the larege pit organ is illustraded in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a section through the pit organ observed most commonly. The specific sensory cells or pear-shaped cells crowd closely in the narrow outer portion of the organ. The sensory cells, as far as I could determine, seems to be deprived of the cilia and cupula. However, the indistinct coagulations are occasionally found over the exposed surface of the organ. I am incleined to think that such coagulation seems to be produced artificially by fixing reagents and presumably does not exist as a difinitely formed structure in the living organ. The large pit organ with such structure as above-mentioned was called “naked type” by HERRICK. In addition to this type, the more elaborate structure of the organ are found (fig. 3.) In this case, the organ sinks below the surface of the surrounding epidermis and is separated from it by circular groove. I wish to call such a structure under the name of the “sunken type” of the pit organ. According to HERRICK, the naked type seems to be an imperfetly developed stage of the sunken type, but as yet I could not ascertain this matter. Further research for the embryological study of this organ will help to throw ligth upon these points.
The small pit organs, unlike the large ones, are not able to be located by the surface examination, although they are freely scattered over almost the whole body surfase. Fig. 4 shows the minute structure of this organ. The pear-shaped cells are found in this case, too. They are usually mmuch larger than, but similar to, those found in the large pit organs. In large specimens, the more complicated structure of the small pit organ is found (Fig. 5). The organ sinks below th surface of epldermis and communicates with surface by elongated, minute pore. Up to the present, I can not determine whether or not there is an intimate relation between these two structures of the small pit organs obves-mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Y. KOZIMA, T. TOMIYAMA1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 277-282
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe waters used in eleven trout hatcheries have been analyzed for most anions and cations exvept sodium and potassium. Attempt has been made to find the corelation between certain chemical constituents of the water and the mortality of young rainbow-trout. A straight line was obtained when we plot the mortality of the fry against logarithm of age of the fry in month. The slope of the line, which is named in this paper as “intensity of mortality”, is certainly more reliable than the mortality at a certain time-period. It is clearly shown that the values for the intensity of mortality at various hatcheries are directly proportional to the contents of silicate and inversely proportional to the contents of calcium in water used by these hatcheries.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
K. TANAKA1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 283-289
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaking the effect of the fat-layer in freezing of fish-body into consideration and according to the same method of Plank and regarding a fish as a conical body, the auther have taken a formula determining the time required for the brine freezing of fish-body.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
I. KUBO, J. HATTORI1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 290-292
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this new method, fish scales are attached with their underside down. and without any fixative on ordinary microscope slide. Befor mounting the scales are cleaned off of their adherent matters and softened 15 seconds at 25-29°C in airtemperature immersing in acetocarmine solution being of 40% of acetic acid and saturated with carmine. The scales softened enough are picked up and placed on the slide taking care to avoid any air left between them, and excessive fluid is taken out. After these procedures the slides are gently dried off in room, and the scales are thus firmly fixed up for further examinations. It should be mentioned herein that the scales handled by the present method show little modification, and stretching (less than 1% in most caces as shown in the outermost column of Table 1) negligible for the purpose of further scrutinies.
The method here recorded is successful on both scales, fresh and fixed by formarin, and is, at least, useful for the scales of Sardinia melanosticla, Engraulis japonicus, Etrumeus micropus, Spratclloides japonicus, Clupea pallasii, Harengula zunasi, and Cololabis saira, but useless for ones of Hemibarbus barbus and Acanthogobius flavimanus.View full abstractDownload PDF (159K) -
C. OGINO1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 293-297
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifteen gold fishes, 2-5g, were classified into three groups, each containing five, group I and II were supplied 3 gr. of high fat and low protein ration, indicated by the table 1 and 2 respectively. Group III was supplied above-mentioned ration and 0.5mg. choline hydrochloride every day, and fed from Oct. 27th to Nov. 16th in the glass vessels.
Initial and final weight of fishes of three groups are shown in the table 3. Choline supplied group increased their weight, comparing to that of no choline groups. Analytical results of viscera of the group I, III and control fishes are shown in the table 4, 5 and 6. The percentage of viscera to the body weight of choline supplied group is smaller than that of no choline groups. It seemed that the normal fat metabolism was performed by the addition of choline. But in both groups so called fatty liver was not observed. Phosphatide content of viscera of choline supplied group is greater than no choline group.
From these results I have conoluded that choline is one of the essential factor for normal growth and metabolism of young gold fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (248K) -
C. OGINO1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 298-300
Published: October 25, 1949
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCholesterol, phosphatide and cerebroside content of several fish braines were estimated. The results are shown in the following tables. The greater part of Cholesterol in fish braines exsts in free form but estered form is very small. (Table 1).
The Cholesterol and phosphatide content of teleostbraines (12 samples) are selachians these content are less than teleosts. Cerebroside content of teleostbraines (3 samples) are 0.76-0.99% for fresh samples (Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (130K) -
1949 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages e1-e2
Published: 1949
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (65K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|