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Volume 41, Issue 10
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Takeru KITAHARA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 995-1002
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a method for managing the branquillos population taken by the sweeping trammel net fishery in Wakasa Bay. The study was made on the basis of informations obtained up to the present time from the view point that the fishery seemed to be controlled chiefly by the population size rather than by the regulations of fishing period and number of boats.
An analysis was made with the data on the commercial fishery of branquillos taken by long line in western Wakasa Bay to examine the migration of the species. The analysis showed that branquillos might make little migration, at least for a relatively short period. Under the assumption that the species migrates vary little and recruits into the exploited phase from the egg stage in the fishing area, a mathematical model was con-sidered in order to establish a method whereby the fish population management was pos-sible, namely in satisfying two conditions, sustaining an adequate recruit and exploiting year classes efficiently.
The application of the above method to the data of 1970 showed that the sweeping trammel net fishery is greatly dependent on the rather small sized branquillos in Wakasa Bay. It was also recognized that it is also necessary to manage the branquillos population corresponding to its yearly condition, as there appeared a considerable variation in the size of year classes.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
Kiyoyoshi NISHITA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1003-1008
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActomyosin was prepared from the striated adductor muscle of akazara scallop.
1) Akazara scallop actomyosin showed the well-known characteristics, that is, anomalous viscosity, high ATP-sensitivity, marked ATP-hydrolyzing activity, and superprecipitation. These are very similar to those of actomyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle.
2) The Ca2+-ATPase activity of akazara scallop actomyosin was activated continuously as the KCl concentration increased from 0.06 to 0.31M, and reached about two fold at 0.31M KC1, while that of carp actomyosin was decreased steadily as the KCI concentration was increased from 0.06 to 0.5M.
3) The Ca2+-ATPase specific activity of akazara scallop actomyosin increased 4.7 fold up on the addition of 1.25M urea; on the other hand, the activity of carp actomyosin rapidly decreased on the addition of urea.
4) The rate constants for the denaturation of akazara scallop actomyosin Ca2+-ATPase were calculated as 1.6×10-5 sec-1 at 30°C, 36.9×10-5 sec-1 at 35°C and 249.5×10-5 sec-1 at 40°C. These values were comparable with those of yellowtail actomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Acidic, Basic and Carbonyl CompoundsKayoko KASAHARA, Kokichi NISHIBORI1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1009-1013
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to identify the unpleasant odorous constituents in Alaska Pollack, the volatile substances of dried pollack were analyzed by gas chromatography. The head space vapor of dried pollack immersed in water overnight revealed about ten peaks. Three of the peaks were very large and one of these three components was identical with isovaleraldehyde (or methylethylketone). Five carbonyls (C2 ?? C6aldehydes), seven acids (C2 ?? C6) and three bases (TMA, DMA or MMA and ammonia) were identified by gas chromatography.View full abstractDownload PDF (219K) -
Purification of HaptoglobinMasaaki KODAMA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1015-1019
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHaptoglobin (Hp), a hemoglobin (Hb)-binding protein, was isolated and purified from eel serum by a method which consists of Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, DEAF-cellulose batch adsorption, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The Hp specimen thus purified was homogeneous in starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.4. The yield averaged about 20mg per 100ml of eel serum. It was noticed during the purification that, unlike rabbit Hp, prolonged standing in NaCI solution and adsorption to DEAE-cellulose results in a decrease of Hb-binding capacity.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Physico-chemical PropertiesMasaaki KODAMA, KANEHISA HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1021-1025
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe haptoglobin (Hp) isolated from eel serum was analyzed for several physico-chemical properties. The molecular weight was determined to be 97, 000 and 93, 500 by by the sedimentation equilibrium and Sephadex TLC method, respectively. Eel Hp exhibited only a single absorption maximum at 280nm with a specific extinction coefficient of 10.4, over the u.v. to visible region. The isoelectric point was measured to be 3.7 by the isoelectric focussing method. In amino acid composition, the contents of acidic amino acids were particularly high, while those of several amino acids such as Met, His, Trp were low. The amino acid residues totalled 72.18g per 100g of Hp. The remainder was found to be mostly accounted for by constituent sugars such as galactose, sialic acid, glucosamine, etc.
The above properties of eel Hp, as a whole, are fairly comparable to those of mammalian Hp.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
Isolation of IsoeugenolKokichi NISHIBORI, Kayoko KASAHARA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1027-1030
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMinor flavoring constituents in phenolic volatiles of “katsuobushi” were studied. Kochi-produced katsuobushi was extracted by the water vapor-ether method and the resulting concentrate of volatile components was fractionated by the solvation method. The phenolic volatiles were separated and purified by gas chromatography after which they were identified by means of infra-red spectro-analysis and thin layer chromatography. Isoeugenol, one of the six phenolic components identified, has not been previously reported to be a factor in “katsuo-bushi” flavor.View full abstractDownload PDF (158K) -
Masamichi BITO1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1031-1037
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe discoloration of meat from frozen skipjack (about 3kg) during thawing in water or air at different temperatures (2, 10 and 20°C) was examined. The thaw-ing rate of frozen skipjack in water was several times faster than that in air at the same temperature, and the change in meat color was very slight when thawed in water at 10 and 20°C, but rather marked when thawed in air at 2 and 20°C for 56 and l2hr respectively.
Seven kinds of packaging materials with different oxygen permeabilities were used to determine the effect on the discoloration of frozen skipjack meat during storage. The meat, when vacuum-packed in cellophane-polyethylene-aluminum-polyethylene laminate, polyester-eval-polyethylene laminate, nylon-saran-polyethylene laminate, or cellophane-polyethylene laminate, satisfactorily retained its red color during 2 days' storage at 2°C. However, the meat vacuum-packed in nylon-poly-ethylene laminate or polyester-polyethylene laminate, both of which have higher oxygen permeability, was discolored faster, and the meat air-packed in polyethylene film much faster, during storage under the same conditions as above.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
N. HORIE, T. TSUCHIYA, J.J. MATSUMOTO1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1039-1045
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe actomyosin ATPase of the obliquely striated squid mantle muscle, which has many characteristic properties in its solubility, electrophoretic behavior and lability as reported previously, was characterized. The ultracentrifugal patterns of squid actomyosin showed its peaks in aggregated states, while, on SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, amount of actin and myosin accounted for 70% of total proteins. Paramyosin and tropomyosin were found as contaminants which are not readily removable at present. The ATPase activity measured in tris-maleate buffer at 0.05 or 0.6 ionic strength (I) and at 20°C was stimulated markedly with Ca2+ and moderately with Mg2+, but depressed with EDTA. [Stimulation by both Ca2+ and Mg2+ was most effective at 32 ram.] In the presence of Ca2+, the activity showed 2 maxima at pH 7.0-7.5 and pH 9.0, while, with Mg2+ present, it leveled off beyond pH 6.8-7.0. The activity was highest at I=0.25. The presence of membrane and mitochondrial ATPase was refuted since neither ouabain nor oligomycin depressed the activity. The stimulating effect of Mg2+ appears to he characteristic of the squid actomyosin ATPase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1697K) -
Toshiyuki HIRANO1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1047-1051
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of homarine in the tissues of marine invertebrates, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderm, was studied by polarography. The amount of homarine varied considerably with species and tissues; the maximum value of 400mg/100g (on a wet weight basis) was found in the liver of top-shell, while homarine was not detected in the crustacean, Procambarus clarki, or in the muscle of the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus.
The seasonal variation of homarine in the muscle and liver of top-shell and abalones was investigated. In the case of top-shell, an increase of homarine was observed in July, followed by a decrease during the winter months. In the abalones, muscle homarine content was higher in September than in May, whereas that liver showed the opposite tendency.View full abstractDownload PDF (215K) -
Chiaki KOIZUMI, Junsaku NONAKA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1053-1061
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is little information on the catalytic activity of Mb02 for unsaturated lipid oxidation. The catalytic function of Mb02 was compared with that of metMb for linoleate oxidation in aqueous dispersion at 5°C for one hr and pH 6.3. Oxidation of linoleate was estimated by determining the oxygen dissolved in the reaction mixture using an oxygen electrode.
Mb02 at a concentration of 5 or 10 μM had a catalytic effect similar to that of metMb in the early stage of the reaction, but became less effective than metMb in the later part of the reaction. NaN3 inhibited the oxidation catalyzed by metMb but not that by Mb02. At 0.2 μM of catalyst, MbO2 gave the same rate of linoleate oxidation as metMb and heat denatured Mb. NaN3 had a little inhibitory effect on these catalyzed oxidations. The oxidations of linoleate catalyzed by both Mb02 and metMb at concentrations of 7 μM were inhibited more or less by the addition of BSA, ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathion, and ribose but not by the addition of the following substances: glucose, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, histidine, lysine, methionine, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine oxide.
From these results, it is postulated that MbO2 has a catalytic function on unsaturated lipid oxidation comparable to that of metMb, especially at a lower concentration ratio of Mb to unsaturated lipid.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Purification of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glucose DehydrogenaseFumio NAGAYAMA, Hiroshi OHSHIMA, Toshio TAKEUCHI1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1063-1067
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to isolate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PD) and glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47, GD) from the liver of carp, grass carp, eel, rainbow trout, and yellowtail by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration.
Both G6PD and GD were isolated from each of grass carp, rainbow trout and yellowtail, while only G6PD having GD activity was obtained from carp and eel.
The molecular weight of G6PD from both fish groups was estimated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration to be about 260, 000 and that of GD in the former fish group, about 180, 000.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Properties of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glucose DehydrogenaseFumio NAGAYAMA, Hiroshi OHSHIMA, Toshio TAKEUCHI1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1069-1074
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the two enzymes isolated from the liver of rainbow trout, yellowtail and grass carp was highly specific for G6P and NADP, for which Km values were 41-85 and 15-20 μM, respectively. The maximum activity was found at pH 8.5, any it was activated by Mg2+, inhibited by dehydroisoandrosterone, and not affected by anions. On the basis of such findings, the enzyme was classified as G6P dehydrogenase
Another enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of glucose as well as G6P at almos the same rate, and Km values for these substrates were 26-35 mM and 16-24 μM respectively. The G6P oxidation by this enzyme, for which the optimum pH wa 10-10.5, was inhibited by Mg2+ and not affected by ATP. From these results, the enzyme was considered to be glucose (hexose phosphate) dehydrogenase.
On the other hand, the only enzyme isolated from the liver of carp and eel showed typical G6P dehydrogenase activity and also much less glucose dehydrogenase activity. Therefore, the enzyme seemed to be G6P dehydrogenase having a wide specificity.
The possible role of these three dehydrogenases in sugar metabolism in fish was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Eiji NIWA, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMADA1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1075-1078
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe michanism of the transition of actomyosin (abbreviated as AM) to β-structure upon dehydration was studied. AM extracted from flatfish showed two rounded peaks at near 16° (2θ) and 29° in the X-ray diffraction pattern. Upon hot air dehydration at 60°C, the peak at 16° disappeared after 60min and two new peaks appeared at near 9° and at 28°; the former was rounded, while the latter was very sharp. After 120min, another rounded peak appeared at near 20°. In the presence of 3%, (w/w) glycerol, the round peak at 2° appeared after 60min and that at near 9°, after 180min, the two original peaks at near 16° and near 29° never being formed.
Both IR-spectra of AM dehydrated in the presence and absence of glycerol for 180min showed amide I and II bands at near 1620cm-1 and near 1520cm-1, respectively. The results obtained in dolphin-fish resembled the spectral data described above very closely.View full abstractDownload PDF (211K) -
Isao YANO1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1079-1082
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early phase of calcification of the endocuticle newly formed after molting in the shore crab, Gaetice depressus, was studied by electron microscopy. In endocuticle matrix near the outer surface of the epidermal cell in which the calcification has begun, a number of small or large granular crystallites, 2-150 mμ in diameter, were found to be deposited in the fibrils. The fibrils, about 30-80mμ thick, are dispersed randomly in the ground substance. In each elliptical border of the pore canals situated between the fibrils, the small granular crystallites, 2-26 mμ in diameter, are often deposited in minute spaces. With the advancement of calcification, small or large granular crystallites deposited in the fibrils begin to join with one another and gradually form the band-shaped clusters of crystallites. On the other hand, the small granular crystallites deposited in each border of the pore canals do not form any crystallite clusters even with the advancement of calcification.View full abstractDownload PDF (654K) -
Isao YANO, Akira MACHII1975 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages 1083
Published: October 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (626K)
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