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Volume 28, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF SEBASTES INERMISMasayoshi HATANAKA, Keiki IIZUKA1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 305-313
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth rates of Sebastes inermis, shown as a collective result of its living in the Zostera area, Matsushima Bay, were observed as 2.8-9.4g/kg/day for the 0-year and 1.3-3.5g/kg/day for the 1-year fish. These rates are rather slow compared with such pelagic fish mackerel or saurel, or with such demersal fish plaice or flounder. The conversion efficiencies of small crustaceans to the body substances of S. inermis on the above growth rates were calculated basing on the feeding experiments as 15-27 per cent for the 0-year and 10-17 per cent for the 1-year fish on calorific equivalent, and these rates are also rather low. The dominant species S. inermis living in the Zostera area is not assumed to be an efficient fish for production.
The fish in the Zostera area live competing with each other and occupy respectively a trophic niche, organizing a fish community as stated in the previous reports. It is necessary to investigate how to converge the food organisms produced in the Zostera area toward the most efficient and valuable fish in this community for raising production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
ON THE FOODS OF THE SARDINE, SARDINIA MELANOSTICTA (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL)Yoshimasa ENOMOTO, Shichiro HAMADA1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 314-321
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn a purpose to study foods of the sardines, samples were collected from the fishes caught by purse-seines in the eaters adjacent to the west coast of Kyushu from the beginning of 1954 to the end of 1956 and measurements were made with them on stomach content, body weight, body length, fat coritent, condition coefficient, and gonad weight. Six classes were settled as the biomass ratios of phytoplankton and zooplankton of the stomachs of the sardines and as its results the successior of the foods of the sardines with growth from zooplankton to phytoplankton was observed with the samples caught in Goto Nada, while large sardines fished in the waters north-west of the Goto Islands in spring fed mainly on zooplankton and seem to be individuals after spawning with high fat content, condition coefficient, and low gonad weight. For the latter sardines, zooplankton are important food items for recovering after spawning at least in the waters north-west of the Goto Islands.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Itsuo KUBO1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 322-325
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBasing upon the results obtained from 6 catch experiments carried out by using fisherman's lobster net, a kind of gill-net, at Kominato Marine Biological Laboratory of Tokyo University of Fisheries in July 1952, May and July 1953, July 1954, and September 1961 (Table 1), the followings may be mentioned.
The Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus (v. Siebold) is a nocturnal forager, as is the case with Macrobrachium nipponese (De Haan)3-5), Palaemon (Palaemon) paucidens De Hann8), Penaeus japonicus Bate9-12), Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards2), and Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan)8). A lot of the lobster in each experiment was caught during nighttime from 18 to 6, but only few ones were secured during daytime from 6 to 18: (Table 2).
Bimodality of the nocturnal activity of the lobster is found to exist. The catch of the lobster in question shows two modes as given in the Figs. 2 and 3. Those are seen during the period both from 18 to 20 and from 2 to 4 (Table 2 and Figs. 2 and 3). Of these two modes, the first one is somewhat larger than the other. It may be said that the daily rhythmic activity of the lobster belongs to the crepscular type.
Finally the followings should be noted herewith. As seen in the Table 2, the catch made under bright moonlight did not decrease as compared with that carried out under new moon. Fishermen, although in Japan, generally do not go out to the sea to catch the lobster during the period of full moon.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
COMPONENT SUGARS OF THE MUCILAGE (PART 1)Shizuhiko MAESHIGE1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 326-334
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMucilage of Monostroma nitidum was analyzed. Component sugars of the mucilage were divided by ion-exchange resist into neutral and acid sugar fractions. The component sugars in each fraction were examined by paper chromatography.
From the results, it was confirmed that the neutral sugar fraction consists of rhamnose, xylose, and galactose, and that the acid sugar fraction galacturonic acid.
In a further examination, a hexuronic acid was detected in the acid sugar fraction by the WILLIAMS reaction. The acid sugar was confirmed to be galacturonic acid by the DISCHE'S thioglycolic acid and cysteine reactions.
Quantitative paper chromatographic analysis showed that the mucilage contains xylose (1 part), galactose (4.2 parts), galacturonic acid (5 parts), and rhamnose (11.5 parts).View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Masamichi TOYOMIZU, Eijirô SAIGUSA, Yukio TOMIYASU1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 335-339
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMuch attention has been given to the occurrence of unhindered isomers of vitamin A in fish oils, since conventional chemical and spectrophotometric procedures yielded erronously high values when applied to the fish liver oil.
Present paper deals with the isomerization of vitamin A during the extraction of oil from shark (Carcharhinus gangeticus) liver. Relative biological potency and maleic value were measured by the AMES et al's method.
Vitamin A in shark liver is isomerized during the extraction of liver oil. The increase in maleic value caused by isomerization is different according to the extraction methods, and a principal factor for isomerization is thermal treatment during the extraction. The relative biological potencies of shark liver oil just after the extraction were 91.63 by alkali-digestion after autolysis, and 99.10 by enzyme-digestion. These values are not so low as expected. It seems to be possible that isomerization takes place during the storage of liver oil and by molecular distillation of it, so not only the improvement of extraction method, but also the appearance of an inhibitor against isomerization is urgently required.View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
CHANGE IN FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF ACETONE SOLUBLE LIPIDS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF RAINBOW TROUT EGGSKazuo ANDO1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 340-343
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcetone soluble lipid of unfertilized rainbow trout egg was found to be composed of 36% higher unsaturated fatty acids, 46% lower unsaturated fatty acids and 18% saturated acids.
During development after fertilization some changes occurred in the composition of unsaturated fatty acids fraction of acetone soluble lipids, as shown in Table 4.
Percentage of C16 fatty acids decreased once and then increased gradually. No considerable change was observed in the percentage of C18 acids but remarkable increase occurred in the degree of unsaturation.
Unsaturated acids of 20 and/or more carbon atoms decreased gradually. After hatching stage C20 and C22 unsaturated fatty acid was observed to consumed more remarkably than others, as shown in Table 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
A Note on the Shellfish Poisoning occurred in Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture in May, 1961Toshiharu KAWABATA, Tamao YOSHIDA, Yuzo KUBOTA1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 344
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A series of paralytic shellfish poisoning occurred from eating “akazara-gai”, a kind of scallop (Chlamys sp.) in Ofunato City, Iwate Prefecture from May 18 to 20, 1961, in which 20 persons including one death developed symptoms. The epidemiological data indicated that the outbreak was quite similar, to that reported in foreign countries.
2. The highest toxicity in “akazara-gai” and also in mussel was detected in the mid-gut gland and the toxicity in the former shellfish was more than doubled the latter.
3. A marked difference in the toxicity was seen in the shellfish collected in a period from May 20 to July 1, 1961, the sample collected on June 1, about 2 weeks after the outbreak, being the highest.
4. Almost no appreciable decrease in toxicity was observed when a crude poison was heated in Sörensen's phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 at 80°C. for 60 minutes; about 50% was destroyed at 100°C. for 30 minutes, and completely destroyed by autoclaving at 120°C. for 20 minutes.
5. A marked change in the phytoplankton flora was noted when the shellfish became poisonous. Especially, the number and species of diatoms decreased extremely, a dinoflagellate, Peridinium sp. becoming predominant. However, the true source of poison remained to be solved.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
RELATION BETWEEN THE FERTILITY AND THE VITAMIN B12 CONTENT OF LAKESKen-ichi KASHIWADA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 352-360
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere has been adopted a view that lakes and marsches can be classified according to their contents of nutritive salts into eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic ones. In order to find how the trophic level or fertility of these land waters is connected with vitamin B12 content of their water, the authors carried out the measurement of the latter, selecting as an object of research 10 members of lakes and marsches in Japan. As seen from the data obtained in the present research (see Table 1), the level of vitamin B12 content found as several mγ/l to about 10 mγ/l for typical eutrophic lakes as, for example, Lake Kasumigaura and Lake Suwa and that estimated as only 1 mγ/l and below for typical oligotrophic lakes as, for example, Lake Ikeda, Lake Biwa, Lake Towada and Lake Toya are in striking contrast to each other, that of Pond Unagiike, a typical mesotrophic lake in Kagoshima Prefecture being situated in the middle of the space between the former two.
It may hence be given a conclusion that as regards the trophic type of lakes and marches there exists likely an intimate relation between the content level of nutritive salts and that of vitamin B12.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
INVESTIGATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL ASPECT OF CONCENTRATION BY MOLECULAR DISTILLATION OF VITAMIN OIL (PART 2)Hiroshi SONE1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 361-366
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor establishing the working conditions under which the molecular distillation as a means of concentrating vitamin oil can industrially be carried out with advantage, the necessary data especially in the aspect of yield and concentration magnification of vitamin A were prepared with a few different types of falling film molecular still for industrial use, of which structural details are given in Table 1.
Thus in the first place, degassing conditions were examined under which volatile matters were removed from refined vitamin oil before molecular distillation. The results obtained (see Table 2) show that in experiments with whale liver oil, for instance, the vitamin A yield of 93.25% in molecular distillation prearranged by degassing of two times was improved even to be evaluated as 114.62% by additional degassing of two times carried out, in turn, under more drastic conditions. As to the degassing conditions as a factor that governs the yield and concentration magnification of vitamin A, of which the method of evaluation is outlined in the explanation of Fig. 1, it may thus be said that the better result can be obtained by the more frequent practice of degassing operation and especially under rather drastic conditions.
In the second place, result of molecular distillation was examined with varying rate of feeding the still with vitamin oil. As seen from the results obtained (see Table 3), the yield and concentration magnification of vitamin oil attainable in molecular distillation decreased, independent of the fish species as vitamin oil source, outside the feeding rate range extending from 31.8kg/m•hr to 63.7kg/m•hr or 82.0kg/m•hr, the latter value changing to some extent according to the employed type of still, as represented by peripheral velocity, namely, the amount of vitamin oil running down across a unit length of periphery of still tube per hour.
In the third section of the present work in which the result of molecular distillation was examined as varying with the rate of distillate separation, satisfactory values of yield and concentration magnification of vitamin A were obtained first when the rate of distillate separation from a unit area of distillation surface was far less than 6.19kg/m2•hr and lower even than 4.42kg/m2•hr (see Table 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
DIGESTIBILITY OF DIETARY PROTEINS IN RAINBOW TROUTDensaburo INABA, Chinkichi OGINO, Chiaki TAKAMATSU, Seizi SUGANO, Hiro ...1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 367-371
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe digestibility of several dietary proteins in rainbow trout was estimated by the method using inert reference substance, Cr2O8, as an indicator10).
As shown in Fig. 1 and Table 2, the digestibility of dietary protein varied to some extent with days, size of fishes, and with the method of collection of feces in the same diet; the digestibilities determined by analyzing the feces excreted into pond water were higher than those estimated from the feces collected by stripping.
Among animal diets tested, a white fish meal-protein showed the highest value in digestibility, whereas protein of a whale-meat meal showed considerably low value; this might be due to high content of protein in the test diet. In vegetable diets, protein of a soybean meal showed high value of digestibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Hanato TSURUGA1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 372-378
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (368K) -
THE EFFECT ON CERTAIN FISHES AND A SHRIMPTetuo TOMIYAMA, Katsumi KAWABE1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 379-382
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that the 24-hr. TLm's of sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP) for fresh water fishes ranged from 0.07 to 0.6 ppm1, 2, 3). No report has been made so far of its toxic effect on marine organisms. The study was undertaken to answer a question whether or not PCP is toxic to organisms in coastal waters.
Under a condition of keeping one test organism in 1 to 2 liters of the solution under test at 29°C and of daily renewal of the test solution, the 24-hr and 48-hr TLm's of PCP were found to be 0.09 and 0.08 for “guchi”, Nibea albiflora, 0.40 and 0.25ppm for “warasubo”, Odontamblyopus rubicundus, and 3.4 and 2.3ppm for “shiraebi”, Leander japonicus, respectively, and the 24-hr TLm to be 0.20ppm for eel, Anguilla japonica. The avoidance reactions of “guchi” to PCP in a gradient tank4) showed that the fish could discriminate PCP at level of 0.2 to 0.3ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) -
THE EFFECT OF PCP ON CONCHOCELISTetuo TOMIYAMA, Kunio KOBAYASHI, Katsumi KAWABE1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 383-386
Published: March 25, 1962
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe artificial culture of Conchocelis with natural sea water has become popular along the Ariake Bay area. So, a certain extent of damage on the laver industry may be expected, if an amount of PCP toxic to Conchocelis be carried into coastal water from paddy-fields by river water.
The present paper, therefore, deals with a study of the effect of PCP on the Conchocelis as evidenced by the change in the outer appearance, the succinodehydrogenase activity and the rate of 32P uptake. The present data revealed no change in the outer appearance and the enzyme activity when the Conchocelis was exposed at 29°C for 20 days to sea water containing PCP at a 0.8 ppm level. No change was also noted in the rate of 32P uptake during a 10-day culture at 23°C and 0.8 ppm level. It can be concluded that the Conchocelis is not so sensitive to PCP as are the fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (180K) -
1962 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages e1
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (40K)
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