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Volume 48, Issue 2
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Yoshiharu MATSUMIYA, Takumi MITANI, Masaru TANAKA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 129-138
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe research on the juvenile Japanese sea bass in the Chikugo River estuary of Ariake Bay is proceeded from 1979. In this paper, we examined the changes in the distribution pattern and the condition coefficient with the ascending progress, mainly using the data obtained in 1980. The researches of seven days in total were executed in mid March, late March and mid April. Surface towing by a larva net with 1.3m in a diameter and environmental observations were performed at seven stations set from the estuary to the river basin.
1) A total of 5314 postlarvae and juveniles were collected by 183 tows. As the researches proceeded, the mode of the distribution moved from higher to lower salinity.
2) The mean of standard length during each research was 14.6, 16.1 and 20.1mm, respectively. The ratio of body depth increases in proportion to the length growth and after 20mm in standard length, the ratio keeps stable. Condition coefficient continues to increase with a gentle curve for a while after 20mm.
3) We could not examine an actual distribution of sea basses only in reference to the salinity in the research area. The concept of distance was introduced to the temporal changes in catch and salinity in 1979. In the year 1979, the continual samplings at each station were performed.
4) In mid March, sea basses were mainly distributed in the sea side of the boundary zone between sea and fresh river waters. In mid April, half the number had already reached the fresh water area. Individuals in the fresh water area had considerably increased the condition coefficient. Changes in body length and condition coefficient under ascending a river were examined.
5) Remarkable change in catch when the tide is turning at high or low tide and more catch during rising than during ebbing tide were observed. It may be said that the sea basses display alternative distribution patterns dependent on tidal levels and tidal hours. Preliminary notes on the ascending mechanism of the sea basses were given.View full abstractDownload PDF (704K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Komar SUMANTADINATA, Akimi SUZUKI, Juami YAMADA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 139-141
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSarcoplasmic proteins of the black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli (BLEFKER) were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Irrespective of the localities of collection, polymorphisms were observed in three zones having isoelectric points 4.5 (Sp-1), 6.3 (Sp-2) and 9.0 (Sp-3). For each zone, the individuals tested were classified into phenotypes A, AB and B. The expected values of each phenotype according to the HARDY-WEIKBERG law well agreed with the observed ones. No significant differences in the gene frequencies were found among the localities of collection.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Komar SUMANTADINATA, Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 143-149
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe samples of three lots of black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli (BLEEKER) collected from the coastal waters of Okayama, Osaka, and Aichi were used for the screening of polymorphism in eighteen enzymes, sarcoplasmic protins, and hemoglobins. Among 44 loci examined, 16 loci of the ten enzymes and sarcoplasmic proteins were polymorphic. The observed numbers of phenotypes in respective loci well agreed with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
The genetic model of each polymorphic enzyme was discussed. Most of the polymorphic loci were dimer, except for phosphoglucomutase, esterase-2, sarcoplasmic protein-1, and sarcoplasmic protein-2 which were monomer, and sarcoplasmic protein-3 which was tetramer.
The genic variability in this species was relatively high compared with other marine fishes. According to the chi-square values for heterogeneity between two locations, Okayama was considered to be different from the other two locations. Based on the low values in F-statistics (FST) and genetic distance (D), we concluded that the differentiation among localities was very small.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Mitsuo TABATA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 151-155
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electropinealogram, EPG, was recorded in response to light stimulation from the surface of the isolated pineal organ of five freshwater fishes. Dorsal recording of the pineal vesicle showed besically diphasic, first negative followed by positive, deflection when recorded with an AC amplifier. Recording from the ventral surface revealed reversed EPG. There was a tendency that the response amplitude of rainbow trout, ayu and catfish was larger than that of carp and goldfish. Response amplitude increased with dark adaptation and showed almost the maximum value within 30-40 minutes. Spectral sensitivity fit Dartnall's nomogram of V. P. 527nm in two fishes. Responses to flicker stimulus demonstrated very low CFF value ( ?? 1Hz) compared to that of the lateral eyes.
The present study revealed that the EPG would be a practical indicator for the comparative study of the pineal photosensoty function in fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Koji ABE1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 157-163
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the number of times of molting and the mean carapace length in instars estimated from the frequency distribution of carapace length of the edible horse crab Erimacrus isenbeckii collected in the coastal sea area of Eastern-Hokkaido, and with the experimental data of increase at molting.
From size frequencies of female and male of 1091 individuals, under 50 millimeters, nine groups are recognized. The mean carapace length for each group being 5.2, 7.0, 8.7, 12.5, 15.6, 20.4, 27.4, 33.5 and 46.4mm. From 5572 male individuals, ranging from 50 to 124mm, five groups are recognized. The mean carapace length for each group being 59.1, 73.3, 88.2, 103.5 and 117.5mm. From 3884 female individuals, range 50-88mm, four groups are recognized. The mean carapace length for each group being 55.9, 65.8, 74.1 and 84.0mm.
Applying these mean sizes to Hiatt's graphic method in which the post-exuvial lengths (Ln+1) were plotted against the initial lengths (Ln), the following formulas are obtained: male and female under 50 millimeters, Ln+1=1.336Ln-0.40; mature female, Ln+1=0.998 Ln+9.49; mature male, Ln+1=1.036Ln+11.68.
Growth of the carapace length in instars fits the growth equation as follows: male, lt=177/(1+e3.765-0.269t-0.0035t2); female, lt=125/(1+e3.451-0.293t-0.0017t2).View full abstractDownload PDF (474K) -
Hiroko ISHIOKA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 165-170
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed sea bream Pagrus major TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL, exhibited changes of haematological constituents against the rapid decrease of oxygen levels by 3.75ml/l for half an hour and by 3.5ml/l for four hours. The typical changes were hyperglycemia and the elevation of serum cortisol level. There also appeared increases of haematocrit valuea and haemoglobin contents. These typical haematological changes were not observed against the slow reduction of oxygen levels by 1.72ml/l and by 1.29m/l for four hours.
Three phases in the stress reactions were identified through the examination of Euclidean distances based on mean values of haematocrit, serum glucose level and serum sodium levl. They are the control phase, the reactive phase where hyperglycemia and high haematocrit value were noticeable, and the peculiar phase where the three variables exhibited remarkably low levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Yoichi YAMAGATA, Makoto NIWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 171-176
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lethal effect and growth suppressing effect of ammonia on eel Anguilla japonica were examined. The 24h-LC50 of total ammonia nitrogen at 25°C was estimated to be 2844mg/l at pH5, 820mg/l at pH7 and 16.8mg/l at pH9. Estimated concentrations of unionized ammonia nitrogen in the culture media containing total ammonia nitrogen at the level of 24h-LC50 are almost constant (4.6-6.0mg/l) in the pH range from 7 to 9. This fact suggests that an unionized ammonia alone is responsible for the toxicity of ammonia in this pH range, however, in the range of pH from 5 to 7, estimated concentration of unionized ammonia decreased with decreasing pH. Thus, at the pH lower than 7, ionized ammonia must have shown toxicity for the eel together with unionized ammonia.
In the chronic toxicity study at pH 6.8 for 9 weeks at 25°C, concentration of more than 0.067mg/l of unionized ammonia nitrogen suppressed the growth of eel significantly (P<0.05). The limit of safe concentration of unionized ammonia nitrogen for the growth of eel was estimated to be 0.034mg/l.
Exposure of fish to unionized ammonia nitrogen for 9 weeks resulted in the increase of ery-throcyte number at the concentration of more than 0.067mg/l, and histological as well as pathological changes were observed in the gill tissue at the concentration of 0.121 and 0.228mg/l.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Seinen CHOW, Yoshimitsu OGASAWARA, Yasuhiko TAKI1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 177-183
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structures of the vas deferens and spermatophore, mating behavior, oviposition, and egg-sperm contact were observed in the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The spermatophore consists of paired sperm masses and adhesive and protective matrices. Both matrices are gelatinous, and secreted by the epithelia of the vas deferens. At mating, the spermatophore is transferred from males o females and deposited on the thorax of females between the second and fourth or fifth pereiopods. Spermatozoa are released from the spermatophore at oviposition, and run into the brood chamber of females together with eggs. External fertilization seems to take place in this chamber. Spermatozoa penetrating egg membranes were observed for the first time for caridean shrimps.View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K) -
Kazuhiro KOGURE, Usio SIMIDU, Nobuo TAGA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 185-188
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemotactic responses of Flavobacterium S-11 and Pseudomonas A-201 to the culture medium of marine diatom Skeletonema costatum were investigated. Strain S-11 showed positive response regardless of algal growth phase, whereas, A-201 didn't show positive one until the stationary growth phase of the alga. The aglal senescence induced stronger positive chemotactic responses. Generally, amino acids proved to be good attractants for both strains, but some carbohydrates, sugar alcohols, and glycolic acids were not so attractive as amino acids. The difference in the chemotactic response of the two strains was discussed in relation to antibacterial action of S. costatum.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Iwao HAMADA, Fukuji YABUNO, Kohnosuke FURUMATSU, Eiji NIWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 189-193
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActomyosin (myosin B) prepared by the conventional method usually contains a considerable amount of lipid; it is suspected that the lipid has a significant effect on the properties of actomyosin. Therefore, studies were made on the effect of the former upon the heat denaturation of the latter.
Experimental methods: actomyosins of different lipid contents were prepared by delipidating or lipidating those of fatty fishes, yellowtail, and Pacific mackerel; their heat denaturation rate constants were calculated from the inactivation rates of their Ca2+-ATPases.
Results: the denaturation rate of evey actomyosin decreased with increasing lipid content; therefore, they were stabilized by lipid. Moreover, a linear correlation was established between the rate constants and the lipid contents. The stabilization by lipid was larger for mackerel actomyosin than for the yelowtail one.
These results suggest that we need to take account of the lipid content of actomyosin to study the heat denaturation of this protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Hiroshi SASADA, S.ABDEL RAHMAN1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 195-199
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral types of micro-particulate diets were prepared and their dietary values for the larvae of a prawn Penaeus japonicus were evaluated. Some microencapsulated diests with nylon-protein membranes (Nylon-MED) and with zein-membranes (Zein-MED) supported the growth of prawn larvae from zoea1 to post-larvae1. In terms of both survival and growth rates, however, the powdered diets with zein as a coating (Zein-MCD) gave better results than the Nylon-MED and Zein-MED. The dietary value of the Zein-MCD containing a defined diet was almost comparable to those of live feeds, Chaetoceros gracilis and Artemia salina; the prawn which received the Zein-MCD grew up from zoea1 to post-larvae1 in 8 days with a survival rate of 94%.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
Kiyoko SAEKI, Hiroshi KUMAGAI1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 201-203
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variations in contents of nutritive components and of several nutritive elements with the growth were studied for the edible portions of short-neck clams Tapes japonica. These were caught at Aio in Yamaguchi Prefecture in April, 1980. The results obtained are as follows.
During the growth, the moisture content decreased, while the carbohydrate content increased. The contents of protein and lipid were constant at each stage of the growth. Ash is a minor component and its content clearly decreased with the growth.
The calcium content decreased rapidly, and the magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contents decreased slightly with the growth of the shell. The iron content increased up to the stage where the shell length reached thirty millimeters, and decreased thereafter. These results suggest that the contents of the nutritive elements are highest at the first stage of the growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (187K) -
Yoshinori MIYAMOTO, Takeshi SHIBATA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 205-209
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the crystallization of purified glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenases (EC. 1.2.1.12) from fish muscles, the requirement of each enzyme for added NAD is different from species to species. Thus, we attempted to determine the bound NAD content in the enzymes. The results obtained by the titration with NAD and the ratio of E280:E260 indicated that each fish enzyme contained varying amounts of bound NAD and less than one mol of NAD per mol of enzyme. The exogenous NAD-added fish enzymes can be resolved into multiple forms having different amounts of NAD by ion exchange chromatography.
The effect of NAD on the conformation of the enzyme was investigated by comaring the loss of enzyme activity in the presence of urea and the regain of enzyme activity on dilution of urea. In contrast to the rabbit enzyme, which reversed the high extent of its activity in the renaturation, the fish enzymes regained little or no activity. In the presence of NAD, the activities of fish enzymes were recoverable in both the denaturation and the renaturation. The fish enzymes supplied with added NAD attained to the same stability for urea as that of the rabbit enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Tadahiko KAJIWARA, Kazuya KODAMA, Akikazu HATANAKA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 211-214
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDictyoprolenol, properly named (S)-1, cis-5-undecadien-3-ol, which was postulated as a possible precursor of male-gamete attractants by MOORE et al., was isolated from Dictyopteris undulata. Dicytoprolene was not detected in D. undulata and (S)-1, cis-5-undecadien-3-ol was not detectd in D. prolifera. This discrepancy is probably is probably due to a difference in the acylesterase activities of D. undulata and D. prolifera.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Katsuyuki HIRAOKA, Takao MATSUNO, Masayoshi ITO, Kiyoshi TSUKIDA, Yosh ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 215-217
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absolute configurations of pectenolone [(3S, 3'R)-3, 3'-dihydroxy-7', 8'-didehydro-β, β-caroten-4-one] ex patinopecten yessoensis have been established from chiroptical data of pectenolone and its 2, 3-didehydro derivative.View full abstractDownload PDF (183K) -
Tooru OOIZUMI, Hirohito YAMAMURA, Ken-ichi ARAI1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 219-226
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective effect of amino acid and joint protective effects of various mixtures, which included sorbitol, sucrose, Na-Glu, Na-Asp, or Gly, on the thermal stability of chub mackerel myofibrils have been studied. The first order rate constant (kD) for inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase was determined in each case.
Plotting the logarithm of kD against the concentration (M) of amino acid, a single linear relation was obtained for Gly, Ala, and β-Ala, whereas a linear relation with two steps was found for Na-Glu and Na-Asp. The slope (E) of the graph of log kD versus molarity of amino acid revealed that the protective effect against the denaturation of myofibrils becomes lowerin the order of: Na-Glu (0-0.75M), Na-Asp (0-0.75M), Gly=Ala=β-Ala (0-1.5M), Na-Glu (0.75-2.5M), Na-Asp (0.75-2.5M), Pro (0-1.25M), Gln=Asn (0-0.2M). Arginine. histidine and glycylglycine were ineffective.
The decreases in log kD, showed that the protective effects against the denaturation of myofibrils were nearly addivtive for all pair combination selected from among Na-Glu, Na-Asp, Gly, sorbitol and surose.
The effect of amino acid and the cooperating effect of the studied mixtures were practically unchanged over the temperature range (25-45°C) at which the myofibrils were treated.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Hideaki MORII1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 227-235
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn subcutaneous tissue oils from the whales Stenella cacaeruleo-alba there were 3.7 to 28.3% wax esters. The content of fatty alchools in wax esters was usually higher in the tissues where the content of wax esters in the total oil was higher.
The ratio of short-chain acids in total fatty acids was high in triglycerides and very high in was esters. Almost all the fatty acids in wax esters consisted of short-chain acids.
The ratio of long-chain branched acids in total long-chain acids was high in both triglycerides and wax esters. Long-chain branched acids of carbon number lower than 13 were more abundantly present in wax esters than in triglycerides.
Even-numbered iso alcohols from 10:0 to 18:0 alcohol were dominant among the longchain alcohols, the majority being iso- 16:0 alcohol. Most of the odd-numbered iso aclohols were iso- 15:0, along with some iso- 17:0 alcohols.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Inverstigation of Alginate Lyase Activities in the Fronds of Undaria pinnatifida Treated with Ashes.Tadaharu WATANABE, Kazutosi NISHIZAWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 237-241
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe alginate lyase activities of the fronds of Undaria pinnatifida (HARVEY) SURINGAR (Wakame) were investigated to elucidate the elasticity retention of fronds caused by ash-treatment. With sun-dried fronds, about half the alginate lyase activity remained, while the activity decreased remarkably when the fronds were treated with ashes containing moderate amounts of phenolphthalein-alkalinity and water-extractractable calcium. However, less lowered activities were found in the fronds of higher lyase activities after treament with ashes of lower alkalinity and water-extractable calcium content; such fronds became softer. Thus it seems that the inactivation of alginate lyase in algal fronds by treatment with ashes is an important factor in preventing the frond-softening upon manufacture of the “haiboshi” products.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
Tadaharu WATANABE, Kazutosi NISIZAWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 243-249
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe enzymatic properties of alginate lyase from Undaria pinnatifida (HARVEY) SURINGAR (Wakame) were investigated to determine how ash treatment (haiboshi) prevented texture softening. The optimum pH of the lyase was found at 7.7 and the enzyme was extremely labile for the pH values aboves 8.6. In 48-hour incubation, the lyase activity was hightest at 30°C, and completely lost by heating at 60°C for 5 min. The activity was enhanced by most bivalent metal ions, but inhibited slightly by EDTA and strongly by PCMB. The inactivation of lyase in ash-treated fronds therefore may not be due to metal ions incorporated into the fronds, but to pH values in the fronds enhanced by the ash treatment.
Kinetic examinations using the Michaelis-Menten theory for the polymannuronic acid fragmeng (SM) and for the alginate fragment of mixed uronic acid residues (SMG) suggested that a single lyase acts on both the substrates and that the enzyme may be a polymannuronic acid lyase. On the other hand, the fact that relative alginate lyase activity for polyguluronic acid fragment (SG) decrease in parallel with the algal growth suggested the existence of a polyguluronic acid lyase in this algal frond.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K) -
Ikuo KIMURA, Michi TAKAHASHI, Eizo NAGAHISA, Takao FUJITA1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 251
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (845K) -
Takashi MATSUI, Hideo SATO, Shingo HAMADA, Chiaki SHIMIZU1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 253
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (88K) -
Eung-Ho LEE, Toshiaki OHSHIMA, Chiaki KOIZUMI1982 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 255
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (87K)
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