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Volume 51, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Tetsuo YAMAMOTO, Hiroshi YAMAKAWA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 357-364
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reproductive cycles of the top shell Turbo (Batillus) cornutus in terms of gonad indices and oocyte diameter were related to histological developments of the gonad tissue, using specimen collected during the period July, 1979 to September, 1980 in Chikura coasts of Chiba prefecture, Japan.
Histological observation indicated that the ovary and testis ripened from May through Septem-ber. The polygonal diagrams of egg size frequency were increased in May and dropped suddenly in September. The tendency in gonad indices was synchronous. The spawning was considered to occur in August and September. Immature group of 40-60mm in shell height in the fisheries ground had little seasonal changes in the amount of smaller oocytes and gonad indices. In larger size of 60mm in shell height, all of them had clear reproductive cycles.
The relation between the fecundity (F) and the shell height (H) was shown by the formula, F=4.79×10-8×H4.82, which was calculated in the condition of the maximal gonad growth in individual shells.View full abstractDownload PDF (667K) -
Kenji YAGITA, Yayoi IKEDA, Hisao OZAKI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 365-370
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of catecholamines on the melanophores of isolated scale of Gambusia affinis affinis were investigated microscopically.
In higher concentrations, catecholamines induced melanosome aggregation. Noradrenaline was most effective. Their effects were inhibited by phentolamine, an adrenergic α-blocking agent.
On the other hand, catecholamines in lower concentrations induced melanosome dispersion on the melanophores of white-adapting fish. Adrenaline was most effective. Each catecholamine gave its maximum effect at the concentration of 10-10M. Propranolol, an adrenergic β-blocking agent, inhibited the dispersing effects of catecholamines. Isoproterenol, which is known to be a beta agonist, was less effective in both aggregating and dispersing melanosomes than other amines.
In present study, the effect of K+ was also investigated. Melanosomes were aggregated by the application of isotonic KCl solution, and its effect was inhibited by phentolamine. 10-10M adrenaline was found to be able to disperse the melanosomes aggregated by isotonic KCl solution, but 10-10M noradrenaline was not.
These results show that aggregation of melanosomes is mediated by α-adrenergic receptors and dispersion of those by β-adrenergic receptors, suggesting that α-receptors may be related to nervous control system of melanophores, and β-receptors to humoral one.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Katsuyoshi MORI, Waka SATO, Tadashi NOMURA, Minoru IMAJIMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 371-380
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to investigate the condition of infestation by the spionid polychaetes settled on the shell of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis on the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido in Japan.
The boring polychaetes were identified as Polydora variegata, Polydora ciliata and Polydora concharum. A large number of Polydora worms were observed to settle on the shell of the cultured scallop sowed in Abashiri Bay, and the dominant species was P. variegata throughout the year. It was also observed that the worms settled almost exclusively on the left valve of the scallop and the location of the burrows formed by them varied markedly with the species.
In general, the larvae of P. variegata hatched out from the egg capsule mainly during the months of October and November and the settlement of these worms took place from January to April. On the other hand, the settling period of P. ciliata seemed to be found twice a year, namely, in July and from December to April. There was a tendency for the earliest settlement of both P. variegata and P. ciliata to occur on a narrow band around the periphery of the left valve. When numerous P. variegata settled on the shell of 1-year-old scallop in the first winter season after the start of sowing cultures, the place of attachment of the adductor muscle to the left valve overlapped the shell region heavily infested with the worms by the time of harvesting (2 years after sowing especially in Abashiri waters). In addition, the burrows often penetrate to the adductor muscle and hence the influence of P. variegata is of concern to our understanding of the low growth rate of scallops in Abashiri waters.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Kazuo OGAWA, Huu-Yun CHUNG, Guang-Hsiung Kou, Ryozo IMADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 381-385
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReconsideration is given to the validity of Pseudodactylogyrus microrchis OGAWA et EGUSA, 1976, based on the specimens freshly collected from cultured eel (Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla) in five different localities in Japan and in Taiwan as well as the type specimens of P. microrchis. Unlike the case of the type specimens, the testis is very large, sometimes well over 0.1 mm in diameter and larger than the ovary, in some freshly collected P. microrchis specimens. It was very difficult to separate them from most related species, P. anguillae, by the size of the testis and the size ratio of the testis to the ovary, formerly the most reliable criteria on which to differentiate the two species. It is, thus, concluded that P. microrchis should be synonymized with P. anguillae by Law of Priority.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
Iwao HIDAKA, Yoshinari ISHIDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 387-391
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gustatory sensitivity of the shimaisaki (tigerfish) Therapon oxyrhynchus to a variety of extractive constituents of organisms was studied by recording the neural responses from the facial nerve innervating the anterior palate. The test stimulants included amino acids, peptides, sugars, organic acids and bases, nucleotides and their derivatives and nitrogenous excretory substances.
The palatal receptors of the shimaisaki responded well to amino acids, peptides, glycinebetaine and nucleotides. Their sensitivity to some of them was high; the threshold for glycine, the most effective compound presently found, was as low as 10-10 to 10-9 M. Some other amino acids and glycinebetaine also had a fairly low threshold of 10-8-10-9 M.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Naoki SOBAJIMA, Masatosi SINODA, Akihiko KUWAHARA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 393-398
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA shrimp Metapenaeopsis acclivis (RATHBUN) is caught commercially as a bait for long-line fishing in the western part of Wakasa Bay off Kyoto Prefecture. The shallow parts of the area of less than 40m depth are optimal area of distribution of this species. Beam trawlings were conducted experimentally in this area in May and October 1982. The fishing boats employed had a displacementof 3 gross tons with a 35 H. P. engine. The times of trawling operations were 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes per haul at a speed of 1-2 knots and three kinds of nets with different cod-end in stretched mesh size, 13.0mm, 14.3mm, 15.8mm, together with a cod-end cover of 4mm mesh size, were alternately used.
Catches of shrimp in number increased linearly with the protraction of towing duration. The difference in catches between May and October depended upon the shrimp density, which in October seemed to be about 1.8 times as much as in May.
Shrimps ranged from 15mm to 95mm in total length. There appeared to be a prominent group in the size distribution of shrimp in May and two prominent groups in October regardless of the towing duration. The mesh selectivity in May was sharper than that in October as a whole, because of a large number of small sized shrimps in October. In the case of rather longer towing duration than 45 minutes, the marked differences of sharpness of mesh selectivity were not discerned. As the mesh size of cod-end used became smaller, the selectivity was sharpened when towing duration were shorter than 30 minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Keiji HIROSE, Shinji ADACHI, Yoshitaka NAGAHAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 399-403
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlasma levels of estradiol-17β, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α, 20β-diOHprog) were measured by radioimmunoassay during various stages of sexual maturation in female ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Estradiol-17β increased during vitellogenesis and rapidly decreased prior to final oocyte maturation, followed by a second rise during ovulation and spawning. This second rise of estradiol-17β maybe associated with the remaining vitellogenic oocytes in the ovary. Plasma 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α, 20β-diOHprog profiles were similar during most periods of ovarian maturation. Both steroids remained very low throughout the vitellogenic stages but were extremely elevated during ovulation and spawning, and thereafter rapidly decreased to basal levels. A significant rise of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone was already apparent in the plasma of females collected at final maturation; however, 17α, 20β-diOHprog did not increase significantly until the time of ovulation, suggesting a role of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor of 17α, 20β-diOHprog. These results provide further evidence that 17α, 20β-diOHprog is the natural maturation-inducing steroid in ayu.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Makito KOBAYASHI, Katsumi AIDA, Isao HANYU, Susumu ISHII1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 405-411
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRadioreceptor assay was successfully used to detect glycoprotein gonadotropin of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with high sensitivity and precision. Purification was carried out by ethanol extraction, ion exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing and gel filtration. The gonadotropic potency was measured by bitterling ovipositor bioassay and radioreceptor assays which were used for the discrimination of bullfrog FSH and LH. Gonadotropic activity was detected only in acidic fractions. Throughout the purification processes, all the three activities were always detected in the same fractions at about the same ratio and there was no separation of the gonadotropin activities among fractions. Thus, even though we employed the radioreceptor assay methods specific to each of frog FSH and LH, we failed to show two types of gonadotropins such as FSH and LH in the silver carp pituitary gland. These results favour an idea that fish pituitary contains a single type of gonadotropin.
The molecular weight of the silver carp gonadotropin was estimated to be 38, 000 by gel filtra-tion. Isoelectrofocusing of the final preparation showed several components with different pIs (4.7, 4.8 and 5.1).View full abstractDownload PDF (1230K) -
Shigeyuki KAWAHARA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 413-418
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution and migration of the pink-spotted shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis off the northeastern coast of South America (Guyana-northern Brazil) were examined, based on the catch and size composition data from a trawl survey. The survey by a double-rigged shrimp trawler covered the central part of the area (off Surinam and French Guiana) and consisted of five cruises during 1981-1983. In each cruise, trawl operations were made at night at about 80 pre-determined stations.
Pink-spotted shrimp was dominant in the shrimp catches, followed by southern brown shrimp P. subtilis. In all cruises, the catches of pink-spotted shrimp were confined to the outer part of the continental shelf. The mean sizes for both sexes were around 15cm (total length) at the westernmost stations and increased gradually from west to east with a tendency that larger animals occurred in the shallower part.
So, it is estimated that the species may be recruited from Guyana and move eastwards on the outer part of the continental shelf off Surinam and French Guiana. It is further suggested that the spawning ground may widely spread over the most part of the distribution area off Surinam and French Guiana and that the eggs and larvae are possibly transported to Guyana by the South Equatorial Current running westwards.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Katsuaki NASHIMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 419-423
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dredge for catching the Japanese surf clam Pseudocardium Sybillae is known to be highly selective.
In this paper, the various factors affecting the selective action of the dredge are analyzed, and the probabilities of the Japanese surf clam not shifting through the gaps between the teeth, or through the mesh of the netting bag, are calculated for various shell lengths, using the relation between the posture and the length when the shell passes through these parts.
Considering that the probability of making a catch is the product of the two probabilities described above, and that this probability is proportional to the relative catching efficiency, the selectivity curves for the Japanese surf clam dredge were estimated for various gaps between the teeth and for various mesh sizes of the netting bag.
The present dredge for the Japanese surf clam is used in Hokkaido, and the smallest Japanese surf clam that can be caught with it has a length of 9.0 cm. The combination of the mesh size of the netting bag and the distance between teeth was examined by using selectivity curves.
5.0cm was found to be desirable as the distance between teeth, and 13.0cm as the mesh size of the netting bag.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Akihiko HASHIMOTO, Noboru KATOH, Hisashi NOZAKI, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 425-432
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf various components in the muscle of Pacific mackerel, such as lipid, water soluble com-pound, lactic acid and a portion of dark tissue, the inhibiting effect on the gel forming ability of surimi were separately determined by measuring a change in jelly strength of kamaboko prepared from surimi in the presence of various amounts of those components.
As the gel strength (J) of kamaboko was found to decrease exponentially with increasing amount of each component (W), the rate constant (kI) for inhibiting the development of gel strength was calculated from a slope of linear relation between log J and W. The kI values for the various factors indicated that the decreasing effect became strong in the following order; dark muscle<lipid=free water<water soluble compound<lactic acid. The addition of the corresponding amount of lactic acid aqueous solution to cause a decline in the pH of the surimi from 7.0 to 5.0 showed 100 fold decrease in the gel strength as compared with that of the same amount of free water.
The irreversible decrease in the gel strength of acidified surimi with lactic acid occured largely due to lowering of the pH or prolonging the storage period.
A reason for the poor gel forming ability of the muscle of Pacific mackerel was discussed in relation to various factors in its muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
Hiroo OGAWA, Shigeru ARAKI, Tuyosi OOHUSA, Mitsu KAYAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 433-438
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied an influence of water activity (aw) on the rate of non-enzymic browning reaction in hoshi-nori (dried laver, Porphyra spp.) stored at 10-30°C. The browning was determined by measuring the extinction value at 420 nm of 5 % metaphosphoric acid extracts.
The browning was accelerated on increasing the water activity and the temperature while almost no browning could be observed below BET's monolayer moisture value at 10-30°C. However, the maximum browning was found between aw 0.4-0.8 since the reaction rate was rather reduced at the higher water activity. The position of the maximum browning shifted to a lower water activity with increasing the storage temperature. Therefore, the existence of the maximum is attributed to both the effects of the increasing mobility and the dilution of the reactants by the influence of the water. The browning was inhibited in an oxygen free atmosphere, irrespective of the water activity.
Thermodynamic parameters for the browning were obtained from the rate constants of the reaction. The activation entropy change (ΔS<0) depended on the altering of the water activity more than the temperature. A highly linear correlation between ΔS and ΔH (the activation enthalpy change) became evident, regardless of the temperature, which was known in the denaturation of the proteins. The change of activation free energy (ΔG) was maximum at aw 0.05 corresponding to the water activity for the most safe storage of hoshi-nori.
We postulated that the influence of the water activity on hoshi-nori during the storage can be reflected in the browning reaction. Consequently, the browning of hoshi-nori (i.e. extinction value at 420 nm) may be able to be used as an index to estimate a background about humidity conditions during the storage.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Eiji NIWA, Seiichiro WATANABE, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 439-441
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the recovery of the gelling properties of once heat-denatured myosin, the myosin was treated with base. The intact myosin (wet weight about 40g) was denatured at 80°C for 20min in 100ml of 0.45M KCI-3.38mM KH2PO4-15.5mM Na2HPO4 (pH 7.5). The pH of the cooled suspension was rizen to 13.0 with 1N NaOH after the addition of 0.5% 2-mercaptoethanol. The basic mixture was neutralized by one of the following three methods. (A) The mixture was dialyzed for two days at 4°C against 2l of water, then neutralized with 1N HCI. (B) The mixture was neutralized after dilution with 2l of water. (C) The mixture was slowly neutralized for two days by adding 1N HCI with a pump. The resulting precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with water. The base-treated myosin, thus obtained was ground with its 3% gravity of NaCI, and heated to gel at 80°C for 15min (A) or at 40°C for 60min (B) in a glass tube. Elastic gels were formed from all the base-treated myosins, and their instantaneous moduli were not inferior to those of the urea-treated myosin gels reported previously. However, the gels obtained here were organoleptically more deficient in pliability than the ones from the urea-treated myosin and the intact myosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (182K) -
Muneaki IWAMOTO, Hisashi IOKA, Motoko SAITO, Hideaki YAMANAKA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 443-446
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluences of storage temperatures on the prolongation of pre-rigor period of sea bream Pagrus major were examined. The amounts of ATP in the muscle of sea bream decreased more rapidly and rigor mortis proceeded faster at 0°C than at 10°C. In the muscle stored at 10°C the onset of rigor mortis occurred seven hours later than at 0°C. The formation of lactic acid in the muscle of sea bream was parallel with the development of rigor mortis, i.e., the large amounts of ATP supplied through glycolysis were considered to be used as the contraction energy. K value as the index of freshness at 10°C was twice as high as at 0°C, however, after 48h of storage at 10°C it was below 10% which is thought to be very fresh. The production of inosinic acid during the storage at 0°C was more prompt than at 10°C. The decrease in ATP amounts was also examined in the muscle of plaice Paralichthys olivaceus stored at -3°C, 0°C, 5°C and 10°C. At -3°C and 0°C ATP decomposed very rapidly, followed by 5°C and most slowly at 10°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Seiichi HAYASHI, Zentaro OOSHIRO1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 447-452
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of oleic acid on gluconeogenesis in the eel liver was investigated by using the isolated liver cells. Oleic acid at 2.5 and 0.25mM inhibited gluconeogenesis from 5mM lactate by 99 and 36%, respectively. Oleic acid did not inhibit protein synthesis but inhibited the incorporation of 14C-lactate into amino acids-fraction. Glutamate content in the cells was decreased by the addition of 2.5mM oleic acid. Oleic acid and oleoyl-CoA at 10μM inhibited glutamate dehydrogenases of the eel and bovine liver completely. Malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were not inhibited by oleic acid and oleoyl-CoA at 10μM, but oleoyl-CoA stimulated lactate dehydrogenase. 02 consumption and 14CO2 production was slightly increased by the addition of oleic acid.
These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of oleic acid on gluconeogenesis is due to the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by oleoyl-CoA. The inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase leads to the decrease in glutamate content in the mitochondria which inhibits the oxaloacetateaspartate pathway in gluconeogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Katsuhiko HARADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 453-459
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFractions of basic, neutral and acidic amino acids, and of neutral, phospho- and glyco-lipids were prepared from the amino acid- and the lipid-extracts obtained from the mid-gut gland of squid Todarodes pacificus. The basic amino acid- and the phospholipid-fractions induced a high behavioral feeding attraction activity for juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and the neutral amino acid- and the glycolipid-fractions did bring about a low activity.
Of twenty-six authentic L- and DL-amino acids, the activities were found in histidine, arginine, lysine and ornithine among the basic amino acids. Especially, histidine and arginine strikingly induced an attraction behavior in the fish. In the neutral amino acids, glycine, valine, threonine, methionine and cystine were involved in the attraction, specially glycine and threonine showing high activity. In the acidic amino acids, asparatic acid and glutamic acid didn't show an activity, while their amides did. Both L-histidine and L-threonine elicited the attraction in contrast to D-types which showed little effects.
Of thirty authentic lipids, the activities were high in many kinds of phospholipids. Among the other lipids, however, only palmitic acid and stearic acid, monostearin, and ceramide were effective.
The threshold values were estimated to be 5×10-7 M and 6×10-8 M for L-histidine and egglecithin, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Katsuhiko HARADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 461-466
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding attraction activities of a variety of amino acids and nitrogenous bases were investigated in a behavioral and statistical manner for oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Of twenty-six authentic L-amino acids, the activities were recognized in histidine, arginine, lysine and ornithine among the basic amino acids. Especially, histidine and lysine evoked remarkably on feeding attraction behavior from the fish. About half of the neutral amino acids were found to be effective in the attraction. Among the amides, acidic and imino amino acids only asparagine induced strikingly the attraction in the fish. L-Amino acids elicited the attraction, but not D-ones. Of forty-three pure chemicals of nitrogenous bases, the activities were appreciably high in ammonia, monoethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethanolamine and pyrrolidine among volatile nitrogenous bases. Especially ammonia and pyrrolidine were most potent on the attraction. In addition, the activities were also found in quaternary compounds among non-volatile nitrogenous bases.
The threshold values were estimated to be 5×10-7 M and 7×10-11 M for the representative attraction chemicals, L-histidine and ammonia, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Noriaki IIJIMA, Mitsu KAYAMA, Mitsuyo OKAZAKI, Ichiro HARA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 467-471
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp treated with the dorsal aorta cannulation was force-fed with 0.5ml of soybean oil per 100g body weight by a catheter. From the cannulated tube, 0.8ml of blood was collected at various intervals after feeding.
Carp plasma separated into high and low molecular weight lipoproteins, namely Fraction A and B, based on the size of lipoprotein molecules using the high performance gel permeation liquid chromatography and the detection of triglyceride by enzymatic reaction. The molecular weight of Fraction A gradually increased up to 20h after feeding, then decreased as the time proceeded. Moreover, a higher molecular weight lipoprotein, Fraction A', appeared at 20h, followed by the disappearance during the next 48h. The time course changes of phospholipid and total cholesterol distribution in carp plasma lipoprotein fractions after feeding were similar to those of triglyceride pattern.
It can be pointed out from these results that both of these two lipoproteins, namely Fraction A and A'. are primarily associated with the transport of lipids.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Tateo FUJII, Haruo SUGITA, Yoshiaki DEGUCHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 473-478
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolation and identification of obligately anaerobic bacteria in kusaya gravy obtained from a manufacturer in Niijima Island was carried out. The number of anaerobic viable cells in the gravy using GasPak anaerobic system was approximately 107/ml.
Of 20 strains isolated from BP5C medium, 19 strains were confirmed to be obligate anaerobes and used for experiment.
The 8 strains which can grow well on BP5C and modified GAM agar media among test strains were identified as genus Peptostreptococcus (5 strains) and genus Sarcina (3 strains). The remaining 11 strains which cannot grow well on the agar media were classified according to gram reaction, spore formation and morphological characteristics into genus Sarcina (8 strains), genus Clostridium (2 strains) and unidentified gram-positive rod (1 strain).View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K) -
Susan A. McCARTHY, Taizo SAKATA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO, Roy M. JOHNSON1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 479-484
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEleven strains of marine purple pigmented bacteria, isolated from coastal waters of Kinko Bay, Japan, were used in this experiment. These isolates were identified as Alteromonas luteooviolacea based upon their bacteriological characteristics, primarily their low G+C base ratios (40.4-42.4 mol %). The eleven strains of A. luteoviolacea were divided into two major groups according to pigment production, HCN production and ability to grow at 37°C.
Nine strains produced two purple pigments and two yellow pigments which were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Two strains, 9K-V9 and 9K-V10, produced only two purple pigments. The main fractions of the purple pigments were identified as violacein based upon absorption spectra and color change reactions.
All strains produced purple pigment on solid media containing alanine or proline as a sole carbon source. Upon addition of tyrosine to yeast extract agar medium, 9K-V9 and 9K-Vl0 increased violacein production, while all other strains produced brown pigment upon utilization of tyrosine. Violacein synthesis by 9K-V9 and 9K-V10 increased upon addition of tryptophan in concentration up to 200mg/100ml and decreased proportionally in the presence of higher concentrations of tryptophan.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Naomichi Iso, Haruo MIZUNO, Takahide SAITO, Ching Yang LIN, Takao FUJI ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 485-488
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of adding egg white and soybean protein on the rheological properties of kamaboko are examined by the stress-relaxation measurement, the jelly-strength measurement, and folding test. Although the additives increase the jelly-strength, elasticity, and viscosity, the effects are eliminated by adjusting the water-content to the value of the control sample which does not contain the additives. The additives may not contribute to the network structure of kamaboko. On the other hand, the rheological properties of kamaboko made of the different kinds of frozen surimi are also examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
Kayoko KASAHARA, Kokichi NISHIBORI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 489-492
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVolatile components of twelve kinds of roasted fishes, which were yellowtail Seriola quingueradiata, sardine Sardinops melanostictus, common Japanese conger Conger myriaster, small-mouthed sole Limanda herzensteini, Japanese whiting Sillago japonica, eel Anguilla japonica, Japanese catfish Silurus asotus, loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, common minnow Zacco platypus, ocellate octopus Octopus ocellatus, oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana and Joyner's shrimp Metapenaeus joyneri, were studied for the purpose of comparison.
Head-space volatiles and dichloromethane extracts of volatiles from twelve samples were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Thirteen, 16, 11, 7, 8, 11, 10, 12, 18, 8, 4 and 14 components were identified from yellowtail, sardine, common Japanese conger, small-mouthed sole, Japanese whiting, eel, Japanese catfish, loach, common minnow, ocellate octopus, oval squid, and Joyner's shrimp respectively.
Phenethyl alcohol in roasted common Japanese conger, 1-penten-3-ol in roasted sardine and dimethyl sulfide in roasted pale chub were specific components of these fishes.
Relative peak intensity in GLC of hydrocarbons in roasted yellowtail, sardine, and common minnow was larger than other fishes. γ-Butyrolactone in fishes having the external mucus in the skin was found.
It seemed that these components were contributed to the difference of the odor of roasted fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
Koichi OKUTANI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 493-496
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVibrio sp. M-812 strain, isolated from marine sediment, produced an extracellular acidic polysaccharide when grown on sea water media containing sucrose. The crude polysaccharide preparation contains residues of rhamnose, galactose, glucose and uronic acid, and protein moiety.
The crude polysaccharide preparation was separated into two fractions, a high molecular weight and a low molecular weight polymer, by chromatography on Sepharose 4B. A high molecular weight polysaccharide preparation was rechromatographed on Sepharose 2B and gave two peaks. These polymers fractionated by gel chromatography were heterogeneous in electro-phoresis on cellulose acetate strips.View full abstractDownload PDF (1948K) -
Atsushi WAKAMEDA, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 497-502
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen myosin B was kept at 2-30°C in a medium containing 40mM Tris-maleate (pH7.0) and 0.3-2.0M NaCl, soluble proteins in a medium of low ionic strength (50mM KCl, pH7.0) increased. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms exhibited that there was a large amount of actin in this soluble fraction. The relative amount (%) of soluble actin on the basis of actin content in native myosin B was then estimated by a staining density on the gel rod.
It was found that the amount of actin dissociated from myosin B increased as the treatment with NaCl proceeded. Thus, the maximum liberation of actin amounted to approximately 60% within 1-2h upon addition of 2M NaCl (for carp) or 1M NaCl (for white croaker). It was also found that the actin component in such a soluble form does not show activating effect on myosin Mg-ATPase nor inhibiting effect on myosin EDTA-ATPase.
Based on the above findings, we confirmed that actin portion of white croaker myosin B is more sensitive to NaCl compared to that of carp myosin B.View full abstractDownload PDF (1279K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Shingo SEKI, Y. INADA, K. MURAKAMI1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 503
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (84K) -
Fuyuo OHTA1985 Volume 51 Issue 3 Pages 505
Published: March 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (91K)
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