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Volume 44, Issue 12
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Yasumasa GOH, Tamotsu TAMURA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1289-1294
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMultifiber responses to olfactory stimulation with alcohols, acids and salts were recorded from the olfactory tract of carp.
1) Alcohols were found to be effective to the olfaction of carp, though the responses were small. We found a tendency that alcohols with longer carbon chain were more stimulative.
2) The magnitude of the initial excitatory response to the stimulation with HCI was large, while that to the stimulation with butyric acid was negligible. The pH value lower than 3.5 regard-less of the kind of acid, however, induced inhibitory responses, which may probably be nonspecific pharmacological effects rather than olfactory responses.
3) Monovalent cations and monovalent anions induced only the initial excitatory responses, and were not accompanied with the oscillatory responses. Divalent cations induced both the initial excitatory and oscillatory responses, but only inhibitory responses were observed with tri-valent cations. The responses to salts were concluded to be largely dependent upon the cations. The salts with monovalent and divalent cations were found to be olfactory stimulants in carp, while those with trivalent cations seemed to be injurious to the olfactory receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Katuji HONDA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1295-1307
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the properties of nylon, polyester and vinylon netting twines and fracture under cyclic loading compared with those caused by simple tensile.
The cyclic tensile load given is about 20, 40 and 50% of tensile strength of these twines. Cyclc tensile test is carried out by using a Strograph tensile tester and the hysteresis loops are self-recorded. Deformation of loop, elongation, strain, loss energy, and breaking strength are measured.
Generally, the angle of hysteresis loop against horizontal axis becomes larger and the area of loop decreases gradually as the cycle goes on. Nylon twines have the largest and vinylon the smallest area of loop. As the cycle and tensile load increases, the value of Young's modulus becomes larger. The values of breaking strength are almost stable even if the cycle and the tensile load increase. Breaking elongation and strain increase repidly in initial stage and then slowly until they finally become almost constant value as the cycle and the tensile load increase. Energy necessary for fracture decreases as the cycle and tensile load increase. The greater the loss energy the breaking energy.
Aspects of the surface, the broken strands and fibers of the twines are examined by ordinary camera and scanning electron microscopy on simple tensile and cyclic tensile fracture. In simple tensile break, 3 strands of the twines are broken all togather but not in cyclic tensile. The difference of fracture morphology is recognized clearly in simple tensile loading and cyclic tensile loading.View full abstractDownload PDF (2154K) -
Gasterosteiformes, Channiformes and SynbranchiformesMasamichi YAMAMOTO, Kazuo UEDA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1309-1314
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe peripheral olfactory organs of four species of Gasterosteiformes, one species of Channi-formes and one species of Synbranchiformes were examined by means of scanning electron micro-scopy. In the olfactory lamellae of Pungitius pungitius and Fistularia petimba (Gasterosteiformes), the sensory epithelium is dispersed in many islets surrounded by the indifferent epithelium. In the sensory islets of P. pungitius, type 2 ciliated cells and microvillous cells are present densely, but in F. petimba, type 1 and type 2 ciliated cells, microvillous cells and rod cells are present very sparsely. The olfactory organ of Syngnathus schlegeli and Hippocampus coronatus (Gasterosteiformes) has no lamelliform structure. Type 1 and type 2 ciliated cells and microvillous cells are scattered evenly but sparsely in the flat bottom of the nasal sac.
In Channa maculata (Channiformes), type 1 and type 2 ciliated cells and microvillous cells cover uniformly and rather densely the whole surface of the olfactory lamellae which are arranged parallel to the rostro-caudal axis of the fish. Rod cells occur in groups.
In Fluta alba (Synbranchiformes), the olfactory organ has no lamelliform structure. Type 2 ciliated cells cover densely the inner wall of the tubular nasal sac. A small number of type 1 ciliated cells and microvillous cells are also present.View full abstractDownload PDF (1541K) -
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia of Crucian Carp Caused by Infestation with a Trematode, Diplozoon nipponicumHiroshi KAWATSU1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1315-1319
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHypochromic microcytic anemia of crucian carp due to infestation with a trematode, Diplozoon nipponicum, was studied. Host fish were obtained from the river Asakawa. Investigations were carried out 4 times during the period from October 1975 to September 1976. A high incidence of infestation with this parasite was noted in all samples. Infection rates ranged between 60 and 80% in small fish, and in larger fish the level reached 100%. The hemoglobin levels of the host fish decreased with increasing numbers of parasites and the relationships between them appeared approximately linear. In anemic fish, all hematological indices decreased. Thus, the anemia was categorized as a hypochromic microcytic anemia. The anemia was characterized by a high percentage of immature erythrocytes. Exposure to a concentration of 1.0 ppm of Trichlorfon (DEP) for 48 hrs proved to be highly effective in eliminating this parasite.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
On Lower and Upper TwistsKatsutaro YAMAMOTO1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1321-1327
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the first part of this paper, the author described Gracie's theory with the modification for the strand retraction on twistingand the limit to strand twist with basic and nominal twists as functions of the twist parameters.
In the second part, the reduction of ply torsion and the relation between ply torsion and cord helix angle are analyzed by the introduction of the second curvature of ply in the cord. And, for 3-ply cord, the relations between ply torsion and cord helix angle are given concretely by graphical calculation, and the ply torsion factor and the upper twist factor are plotted against cord helix angle.
In the third part, the balance between lower and upper twists is analyzed based on Tauch's theory, and the theoretical curves in balance upper with lower twists are given. And lower and upper twists of the commercial cords (Amilan, Hizex, Cremona and cotton), regarede as balanced lower and upper twists, are counted and compared with the theoretical results. At least the Amilan experimental points exist on the theoretical curve, but the other cord points do not.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Kazuo OGAWA, Syuzo EGUSA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1329-1332
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA description is given of Haliotrema kurodain. sp., a monogenean parasite from the gill filament of the Japanese black esa bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, cultured in aquaria in Shizuoka and Hiroshima Prefs., Japan. This is the first recorded case of Haliotrema from fish belonging to the family Sparidae.
Morphologically, this species is most characterized by the presence of four conspicuous reserviors of the cement glands. It should also be noted that the number of the marginal hooks are twelve, which seems to be an exceptional case in the genus.
Haliotrema kurodai n. sp. is very similar to YOUNG's species group 6, from which it differs in the absence of posterior diverticula of the intestine and in the number of the marginal hooks. This species may rather bear a closer resemblance to Placodiscus acanthopagri PAPERNA, 1972 in morphology and the host species, but may be discriminated from the latter species by the shape and size of the two anchor complexes. The difference remains unclarified of the nature of the cement reservoirs of Haliotrema species including H. kurodai. Further examination of the validity of the genus Placodiscus is needed.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Nobuo SEKI, Saburo IWABUCHI1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1333-1340
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTropornyosins were prepared from the ordinary muscle of 25 different species of fish, and were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to obtain the subunit composition.
Tropomyosins from 22 species of fish showed a single band on the SDS-polyacrylamide gels, whereas tropomyosins from 3 species classified among the Scombrina fishes showed double bands on the gels. These results suggest that the former tropornyosins were composed of two α-ehain subunits (αα type). while the latter tropornyosins contained both α- and .β-chain subunits (αα type). Dye elution analysis of coomassie brilliant blue-stained gels indicated that approximate molar ratio of α to β chain subunits was 1:1 for the αβ type fish tropomyosins, whereas the same ratio was 3:1 for the αβ type rabbit tropomyosin.
All the tropornyosins tested were found to confer the Ca2+-sensitivity on the Mg2+-ATPase activity of desensitized actomyosin in the presence of troponin. Both αα and αβ type tropo-myosins formed a complex (i.e. regulatory protein) with troponin, and were effective as the αβ type of rabbit tropomyosin in regulating the actin and myosin interaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1961K) -
Syuichi SAKAMOTO, Yasuo YONE1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1341-1344
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed sea bream, Chrysophrys major, were fed diets with or without supplemental trace elements (AI, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, and I) over a 90 day period. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in the following determinations: the growth rate, feed efficiency, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index; the hemoglobin content, hematocrit value, red blood cell count, MCH, MCV, MCHC, MCD, percentage of immature erythrocytes, and number of lymphocytes and granulocytes per 1000 red blood cells in the whole blood; the blood serum levels of protein, glucose, urea-N, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Ca, and inorganic P and Fe; the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, and LAP in the blood serum; the lipid and glycogen content of the liver; and the lipid, ash, Ca, P, Mg, and K content of the vertebrae. Furthermore, no pathological change was found in the organs of fish fed the diet without the trace element supplement. From these findings, it appears that trace element supplementation in the diet for red sea bream is not essential, when the trace elements exist at levels exceeding 0.20mg of Al, 2.43mg of Zn, 1.78mg of Mn, 0.51mg of Cu, 0.43mg of Co, and 11.21μg of I per 100g diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (259K) -
Kazuo YABE, Kazuharu NAKAMURA, Mieko SUZUKI, Yasuzo ITO1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1345-1350
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActomyosins were prepared from the dorsal muscles of various fish species living in the frigid water zone and their biochemical activities were investigated.
1) The specific Ca2+-ATpase activity of these actomyosins was generally lower than that of fishes living in the temperate water zone.
2) The frigid water fish actomyosins exhibited a slightly lower ATP sensitivity than that of the temperater water fish actomyosin. Thermal inactivation of the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the former actomyosins was exactly of the first order reaction. These results suggest the presence of some actomyosin aggregates in the present actomyosin preparations.
3) It was found by comparison of the inactivation rate constants of Ca2+-ATPase at 30°C that the actomyosins from Salmonidae and Osmeridae are 3-8 and 6-9 times, respectively, more unstable than that of carp. The actomyosins from some deep sea fishes of the North Pacific Ocean were more than 18 times less stable compared to that of carp.
4) No clear relationship was found to exist between the inactivation rate constants of the actomvosins and their biochemical activities, such as specific Ca2+-ATPase activity and ATP-sensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Ken-ichi NUMACHI1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1351-1355
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo groups of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, one from Fuchien, China, and the other from Kochi, were analyzed for electrophoretic variation of enzymes in liver. Distinct genetic variations were found in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), and g1utamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). Ten different phenotypes detected in 6-PGD were accounted for by assuming five alleles at a locus encoding this enzyme. Two of the five alleles were detected in relatively high frequencies in both the samples. Eight phenotypes of ICD were postulated to result from four alleles at a locus. lcdc allele was most common in the two samples. The most cathodal system of the three or four different ones of GOT exhibited three phenotypes, which were presumed to be controlled by two alleles at a locus termed Got-III. Statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies could not be observed between the two samples except those of lcdb, which were detected in low frequencies (0.073 and 0.120) in the samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
Nucleotides and Organic Bases in the ExtractsTetsuhito HAYASHI, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Shoji KONOSU1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1357-1362
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of strdies on the flavor components of boiled crabs, we have analyzed nucleotides and organic bases in the extracts from the leg meat, hepatopancreas, and ovary of five species of common edible crabs in Japan.
AMP and CMP were found to be the major nucleotides in these tissues. Small amounts of GMP, UMP, IMP, and ADP were also detected, along with several kinds of nucleosides and free bases, in some or all samples. The contents of nucleotides in the ovary were three to five times higher than those in the other parts. The leg meat and hepatopancreas were rich in glycine betaine and trimethylamine oxide, with somewhat lower levels of homarine. The ovary accumulated more homarine than the other parts.
In most samples, more than 90% of the total extractive nitrogen was accounted for by these constituents and by the amino acids reported in the previous paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
Takeshi TAGUCHI, Kazuo KIKUCHI, Moritoshi OGUNI, Munehiko TANAKA, K&ot ...1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1363-1366
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the “setting” mechanism of fish muscle paste, the effect of heat on fish muscle myosin B Mg2+-ATPases was examined in connection with the “setting” ability of the meat paste. By heat treatment, the Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosins B showed some increment. This varied by fish species as indicated in the following decreasing order: Alaska pollack and sardine>white croaker, horse mackerel, mackerel, and carp>crucian carp and marlin groups. The myosin-poor fish pastes which were prepared by washing with GUBA-STRAUB solution gave “set” gels (jelly formation) of lower jelly strength. Addition of pyrophosphate promoted the “setting” of black marlin paste, but not of sardine paste. From these results, it is suggested that the “setting” of fish paste is associated with the interaction between myosin and actin.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
Hiroshi OGATA, Tadasi NOMURA, Mitsuo HATA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1367-1370
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe prostaglandin synthetase activity in fish and marine invertebrates was measured by the incubation of 14C-labeled dihomo-γ-linolenic acid with a tissue homogenate. The tissues of sea-squirt, crab, bivalves and carp have a synthetic activity of prostaglandins from dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, but the yields of prostaglandins were generally low (<10% conversion) compared with those of the renal medulla of rabbit (about 20%). Of the tissues, the moderate activity was observed in gill and mantle, whereas the activity was very low in gonad. Some unidentified products from the incubation mixture were detected by autoradiography.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Hiroshi KAWAUCHI, Shuzi TUKAZIMA, Shizuyuki OTA, Asao MURAI1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1371-1374
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPorphyra tenera, an edible red alga, was found to contain a new acidic imino acid (C7Hl1NO4). This compound named teneraic acid is obtained from an alcoholic extract.
The chemical structure of teneraic acid was determined to be piperidine-2, 6-dicarbcxylic acid by means of NMR, Mass, and IR spectrometric studies and by chemical synthesis. The con-figuration of the compound was proved to be a trans form by ORD spectrometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (202K) -
Alginic Acid ContentsNaomichi ISO, Haruo MIZUNO, Nobuhiko ONDA, Takahide SAITO, Naomi AOYAM ...1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1375-1379
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA determination method for alginic acid with high accuracy and rapidity was devised by modifying the method of MCCREADY et al. Various brown seaweeds found along the coast of Japan were analyzed for alginic acid content by means of the new method. The results showed that there is a clear correlation between the alginic acid content and the yield of alginic acid, regardless of the species of seaweed. On the other hand, no clear correlation was found between the molecular weight of the alginic acid prepared and the alginic acid content or its yield, regardless of the species.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Hishiko WATANABE, Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Rikuo TAKAI, Akemi KAMEI1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1381-1387
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn aqueous solution containing water-soluble protein of Alaska pollack was electrolytically treated in both separated and non-separated type vessels, and the rate of insolubilization of water-soluble protein was measured. In the separated type vessel, the rate of insolubilization showed a characteristic pattern, which had a time lag followed by a region of constant rate. This constant rate of insolubilization was found to be roughly proportional to current but independent of potential. The rate of insolubilization in the non-separated type vessel was much smaller than that in the separated type vessel. The insolubilization of water-soluble protein caused by electrolytic treatment seemed to be due mainly to the isoelectric aggregation in the positive side vessel.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Akihiko HASHIMOTO, Ken-ichi ARAI1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1389-1393
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of pH and temperature on the stability of myofibrils from some fish species have been studied in terms of the first order rate constant (KD) for inactivation of Ca-ATPase.
The myofibrils were incubated at various pH values while maintaining the temperature constant, though the temperature applied for incubation was different for each fish species.
1. Myofibrillar Ca-ATPase was found to be more resistant to thermal inactivation in the neutral range of pH 7.0-8.5.
2. The inactivation rates of myofibrillar Ca-ATPases at acidic pH below 6.9 and at al-kaline pH above 8.6 were faster than that observed at neutral pH, 2-7 times faster depending upon pH values.
The rate constants (KD) were plotted semilogarithmically against the reciprocal of absolute temperature for incubation.
3. Linear ARRHENIUS plots in the temperature range of 20-35°C were identifiable for sardine myofibrils at pH 5.8 and atka-mackerel myofibrils at 7.6.
4. The rate of inactivation of the Ca-ATPase of sardine rnyofibrils at pH 5.8 and 5°C was found to be comparable with that of Ca-ATPase at 7.6 and 26°C.
The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the rapid deterioration of sardine muscle during storage under various environmental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Osamu DESHIMARU, Yasuo YONE1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1395-1397
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the optimum level of dietary protein for prawn, Penaeus japonicus, the growth and feed efficiency of prawn were examined by using purified diets containing 2 to 66.2% protein. The feeding experiment was conducted for four weeks at 25-28°C.
The prawn grew well on the diets containing from 48 to 51% protein, and the 52% protein diet produced the maximum weight gain. The daily feed intake ratio was high for a low protein diet, and declined to a constant and normal level for the diets containing more than 52% protein. High feed efficiency was obtained within the 52 to 62% protein level, while poor efficiency resulted with diets containing more than 62% or less than 52% protein.
From these findings, it was concluded that the optimum dietary protein level for the prawn was within the range of 52 to 57%, this gave good results on the basis of weight gain and feed efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (173K) -
Identification of Pregnanediol, Pregnanertiol and Androstenediol Isolated from the Urine of CarpTomoki YANO, Shinya ISHIO1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1399-1404
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation deals with the identification of progesterone metabolites in the urine of carp, Cyprinus carpio. The urine sample collected by inserting a catheter into the urinary bladder was passed through an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The steroids adsorbed on the column were eluted with methanol and hydrolyzed with β-glucuronidase and by solvolysis (ethylacetate-1N H2S04), The liberated steroids were extracted with ethyl acetate and converted to methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives for gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) and mass spectrometric (MS) analyses.
The GLC separations were carried out on 1% OV-1 and 1% OV-l7 columns. The two peaks observed on the progesterone metabolite region and the one peak in the 17-ketosteroid region on the chromatograms were identified as those of pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and androstenediol by methylene unit value determination. Their identities were also established by GLC-Mass spectrometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Corticosteroid Metabolites in Carp UrineTomoki YANO, Shinya ISHIO1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1405-1410
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the identification of corticosteroid metabolites in the urine of carp, Cyprinus carpio. Samples of carp urinary steroids obtained by β-glucuronidase hydrolysis were converted to methoximetrimethylsilyl (MO-TMSi) derivatives and then subjected to gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis.
The MO derivatives were prepared by overnight reaction with methoxyamine hydrochloride; the TMSi derivatives were prepared by reaction with BSA (bis-trimethylsilylacetamide) at room temperature or TSIM (N-trimethylsilylimidazole) at IOO°C. The GLC separations were carried out on 1%OV-l and 2%QF-l columns. The retention data (MU values) of carp urinary steroids were compared with those of reference steroids identically treated with the above procedures.
The results showed the presence of tetrahydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, cortolone, β-cortolone, cortol, and β-cortol in the urine of carp. The structures of the former three com-pounds were also confirmed by GLC-Mass spectrometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
Takashi ONBE1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1411
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (66K) -
Toshiaki ITAMI, Riichi KUSUDA1978 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages 1413
Published: December 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (57K)
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