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Volume 39, Issue 12
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi MOTOH1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1223-1230
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to provide a detailed description of all the larval stages of Chionoecetes opilio, and determine a basis for future descriptions of all the species of the genus Chionoecetes, an ovigerous female crab was caught by the Danish seine fishery, on February 16, 1971. Hatching occurred on March 2 to 5. There are two zoeal stages and one megalopa in the larval development of Ch. opilio. The first zoea is 4.8 to 5.4 mm in length, 3.3 to 3.9 mm in width, and the second is 6.2 to 7.1 mm in length and 3.6 to 3.9 mm in width. The endo-podite of the first maxilliped has five segments with a spinal arrangement from proximal to distal of 3, 2, 1, 2, 5, and the second has three segments with a spinal arrangement 1, 1, 5. The megalopa is 2.9 to 3.3 mm in carapace length and 1.9 mm carapace width. Seven heavy processes are on the carapace: three rostral, a pair of anterior gastric lateral, and a pair of cardiac dorso-lateral. The fourth walking leg has no conspicuous hair projecting from the tip of the dactylopodite.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
Various Conditions Affecting the Value of MeasurementAtsunobu HAMADA, Toshiomi IDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1231-1235
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf the many investigations reported on the growth of fishes, a few involve measure-ments of the stimulating effect of food on metabolism, i.e. specific dynamic action (SDA). The present series of investigations deals with SDA of fishes to gain information on its growth structure.
SDA is usually measured as total extra oxygen uptake after feeding above a baseline level. In the present paper, SDA of fresh-water fishes fed with Limnodrilus and an artificial diet containing 46% of protein was measured as total extra oxygen uptake, nitrogen excre-tion and the ratio of O2/N to characterize the various aspects.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. The metabolic rate due to SDA increases up to 3-4 hours after feeding and decreases 4-5 hours after feeding. The second increase appears 5-8 hours after feeding.
2. The first increase in metabolic rate due to SDA differs from the second in the ratio of total oxygen uptake and nitrogen excretion.
3. The increase of metabolic rate due to SDA is in proportion to the amount of food intaken.
4. Total extra nitrogen excretion due to SDA decreases with starvation and total extra oxygen uptake decreases more rapidly. Accordingly, the ratio of O2/N decreases with starvation.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Field Experiments of the Beam TrawlTsann-Jan LEE, Ko MATUDA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1237-1243
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField experiments were conducted to know the mechanical characters of the shrimp beam trawl used in Taiwan. The experiments were carried out on a flat sand bottom of shallow sea so that it is convenient for skin divers to measure the height of net mouth di-rectly. The height of net mouth and the tension in warp were measured with changes in the weight of the bridle stone and in the towing speed. It was found that the height of net mouth increased rapidly with the towing speed, contrary to other trawl gears. In con-nection with this, the tension in warp increased in proportion to the 2.5 power to the towing speed. Any effect of the weight of the bridle stone on the height of the net mouth was not seen within this experimental range.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Shin-ya FUKE, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Fumio MATSUURA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1245-1251
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA green pigment was found in the lyzates of erythrocytes from scombroid fishes such as mackerel, skipjack, albacore, etc. It migrated much faster than hemoglobin in starch block electrophoresis at pH 8.6. On Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, the pigment separated into three to six components depending upon the species of fish. The colors of those com-ponents generally were slightly different from each other. The green pigment to hemo-globin ratios were estimated to be 1/100 or less in the erythrocytes of these fishes.
The green pigment was soluble in water and acetic acid, but not in any of the other organic solvents tested. The aq. solution of the pigment exhibited a characteristic absorp-tion spectrum with a prominent maximum at 370-400 mμ and a rather broad one at 600-650 mμ, suggesting the presence of biliverdin or a related substance as the chromophore. Qualitative examination showed that the pigment is a complex substance consisting of lipid, peptide, sugar, and phosphate in addition to the chromophore.View full abstractDownload PDF (386K) -
Strontium and calcium contents, CF and OR values in marine organismsTaishi UEDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI, Ryoichi NAKAMURA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1253-1262
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amount of Sr and Ca in various marine organisms were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the concentration factor (CF; Srorganism/Sraea water) and observed ratio [OR; (Sr/Ca)organism/(Sr/Ca)sea water] were calculated.
The average content of Sr was highest in molluscan shell (1155mg/kg raw) and decreased in crustacean exoskeleton, echinoderm, fish bone (teleostei), brown algae and coelenterata in this order. The Ca content was also highest in molluscan shell (249g/kg raw) among the marine organisms studied. The CF value of Sr ranged from 0.3 for Porphyra tenera (red algae) to 325 for Chthamalus challengers (crustacea). The CF value of brown algae was found to be one order of magnitude higher than those of green and red algae, and was rather similar to those of hard tissues of marine animals. The OR value ranged from 0.17 for shell of bivalvia (mollusca) to 0.82 for exoskeleton of stomatopoda (crustacea).
However, the OR value of brown algae was extremely high (3.74) because of the affinity of Sr to alginic acid which was abundant in brown algae.
From the results above, the estimation of 90Sr contamination in the marine ecosystem was considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
Masaru KITAO, Nobuo SEKI, Ken-ichi ARAI1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1263-1269
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to extract, from acetone-dried muscle powder of fish, a crude G-actin which would retain its characteristic ability to polymerize. The polymerization of G-actin into F-actin was followed by measuring the increase in extract viscosity upon addi-tion of salt.
1) Crude G-actin retaining the ability of polymerization can be extracted from fish muscle powder with a medium containing ATP. Crude G-actin extracted with distilled water seems to lose the ability of polymerization to some extent, and the addition of ATP to the extracts does not effectively restore this ability.
2) In order to obtain G-actin retaining the ability to polymerize, ATP added to the extracting medium is the most effective and ADP, a little less so, while AMP and IMP are ineffective.
3) The degree of polymerization of the crude G-actin was greater with 0.1M KCI, while with 1mM MgCl2, it did not show any tendency to polymerize.
The above results suggést that the fundamental polymerization properties of G-actin from fish muscle are essentially the same as those of rabbit G-actin.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Isolation and Purification of 5'-NucleotidaseNozomu HIROTA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1271-1278
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crude enzyme solution was obtained by homogenizing bonito muscle in water, dialysing with water and centrifuging. The optimum pH of the crude enzyme solution was 5.0 and 9-10, and the activity at pH 6.0 was remarkably increased by the addition of 0.01M Mg2+.
5'-Nucleotidase was separated and purified from bonito muscle by extraction with water, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration.
By ammonium sulfate fractionation (30-70% saturation), 54% of the total activities of 5'-nucleotidase were recovered. On purification by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, high specific activity found in the fraction of 0.005M Tris-acetate buffer containing 0.2MNaCI. Combined fractions were concentrated with 0.7 saturated (NH4)2SO4, purified by re-chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration (Sephadex G-200).
It was found that the purified 5'-nucleotidase of bonito muscle had increased about 215 fold in specific activity, and was recognized to be homogeneous on disc electrophoretic analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
Some Properties of Purfied EnzymeNozomu HIROTA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1279-1283
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously, the author reported the purification of 5'-nucleotidase from bonito muscle by extraction with water, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. In this paper, studies on some of the properties of the purified 5'-nucleotidase are reported.
This enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.5 in the presence of 0.01M Mg2+, with 5'-IMP as substrate. The rate of Pi liberation from 5'-IMP was Tinier for 80 minutes, the rate of hydrolysis decreasing slightly thereafter.
This enzyme showed highest relative activity with 5'-IMP as substrate, and also hydro-lyzed other 5'-nucleotides. On the other hand, it did not act on 3'(2')-nucleotides.
Of several metal ions Mg2+ was most effective and Fe2+ also activated this enzyme. Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ inhibited the 5'-nucleotidase activity to 56Y., 70%, 67% and 35 % of the control activity respectively, while Ba2+ completely inhibited this enzyme.
The apparent Km value of 1.08 mM and pKm of 2.97 were calculated for 5'-IMP. Using Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, the molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 115, 000.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
Residual NO3- and NO2- level in meat productsKazuo MORI, Yoshiaki AKAHANE, Kyoko NAKAO, Keiichi KAWANO1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1285-1291
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCured meats processed with added nitrate, nitrite or raw spices containing nitrate were investigated in relation to meat color development and the residual N03 and NO2- when reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and cysteine were present. The residual N02- level in cured meats was also studied, taking into account the interference of reducing agents with N02- determination.
1) The residual NO2- decreased remarkably and a high development of cured meat color was observed in the presence of reducing agents.
2) Soaking whale meat in water to remove blood before curing accelerated the color develop-ment of cured meat but also resulted in a relatively high residual N02 level unless reducing agents were used with nitrate or nitrite.
3) Although low N03 levels were detected in meat products processed without the addition of nitrate, further experiments are necessary to clarify where this N03- is derived from.
4) High amounts of N03- were found in several raw spices. There was a high develop-ment of cured meat color on addition of raw spices, such as raw celery juice, in the presence of ascorbic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
Search for the Compounds Inducing Orange DiscolorationHideaki YAMANAKA, Masamichi BITO, Motonobu YOKOSEKI1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1293-1298
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the compound(s) which induces the orange discoloration of canned skipjack meat, it was examined which substances(s) present in the meat is most responsible for the discoloration.
Of several compounds which brought about the orange discoloration, D-glucose-6-phosphate, β-D(+)glucose, and glycogen seemed to be the main compounds involved judging from the production of orange discoloration on addition of each of these compounds, their presence at high concentrations in skipjack muscle and, moreover, their tendency to decrease in amount during precooling which is said to be an effective method for the prevention of the orange discoloration.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
The Main Compound Responsible for Orange DiscolorationHideaki YAMANAKA, Masamichi BITO, Motonobu YOKOSEKI1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1299-1308
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships between the degree of orange discoloration of cooked meat and pH value, amount of glycogen, K value and metmyoglobin % of frozen meat of skipjack were examined to elucidate the mechanism involved in the discoloration. High pH values and high concentrations of glycogen in frozen skipjack meat were closely related to the appearance of the orange discoloration in cooked meat.
It was further shown that the orange discoloration is caused by MAILLARD reaction as has been suggested by SHIMIZU et al., and that the responsible sugar involved is not glycogen itself, but D-glucose-6-phosphate which is produced enzymatically from glycogen or n-glucose during thawing of frozen skipjack and at an early stage of cooking. D-Glucose-6-phosphate is considered to react with free amino acids and/or muscle proteins at high temperatures to produce the orange discoloration.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K) -
Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Akio KANAZAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1309-1314
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the biosynthesis of sterols from desrriosterol in a mussel, Mytilus edulis. After injection of desmosterol-26-14C, sterols were isolated from the tissues, and then the bioconversion products were investigated by using gas-liquid, thin-layer, and column chromatographic methods. Cholesterol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, and 24-methylenecholesterol were identified as the bioconversion products. The results indicated that the mussel possesses the ability of converting desmosterol to the above three sterols.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Yoshihachiro NIMURA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1315-1324
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA direct colorimetric method has been developed for the determination of ammonia in water without salt-error by using the phenol-hypochlorite reaction. As a large amount of potassium carbonate was added to make the condition of indophenol blue formation nearly constant without regard of the salinity of samples, the method could be made free of salt-error in the determination of samples of either fresh or sea water whose chlorinity was less than 28%. BEER'S law was applicable up to a concentration of 0.6 ppm NH3-N, and the standard deviation of each determination was about 2.2 ppb N irrespective of the concentration. The amount of reagents and the conditions of the procedure were examined in detail. Twenty-five inorganic and thirty-eight organic compounds, including twenty-one L-amino acids, were tested for interference, and little interference was observed in the not strongly polluted samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
Isolation, Purification and Some Physicochemical Properties of an Alkaline Protease from Carp MuscleKazushi IWATA, Kyoichi KOBASHI, Jun'ichi HASE1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1325-1337
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn alkaline protease was isolated from crude extract of carp ordinary muscle by am-monium sulfate fractionation (30-70% saturation), heat-treatment (58°C), DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and Sepharose 6B gel filtration. The specific activity in-creased about 300 fold that of the crude extract with high recovery, and the purified prepar-ation was homogeneous as indicated by ultracentrifugal (S020, W: 19.3) and disc-electrophoretic analyses. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme was maximal at 278 mμ and minimal at 252 mμ. The specific extinction at 280 m p (E1%1cm) was 5.31. The molecular weight was found to be about 780, 000 by Sepharose 6B gel filtration and the isoelectric point, 5.2 by isoelectric focusing.
This enzyme seems to be different from cathepsins when molecular weight and other physicochemical and enzymatic properties are compared.View full abstractDownload PDF (1445K) -
Michizo SUYAMA, Yukio YOSHIZAWA1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1339-1343
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was confirmed that, in the usual cation-exchange column chromatographic method widely used for separating basic amino acids, anserine and lysine overlap and histidine emerges from the column together with carnosine and balenine. These facts strongly sug-gest that the reported values for free histidine and lysine in the muscle of fish-especially of dark-fleshed fish, such as tuna, skipjack and yellowtail-should be reviewed, and that the modified methods proposed by us should be employed for determining basic amino acids and imidazole dipeptides.
The distribution of free amino acids as well as imidazole dipeptides and creatine (+creatinine) in skeletal muscle was examined on 13 species of migratory fish. The most significant feature of the results was the high content of histidine in these fish. The muscles of several species of fish contained appreciable amounts of anserine and carnosine. No balenine was detected in any of the species analyzed. These imidazole compounds, histidine, carnosine and anserine, accounted for over 50% of the total non-protein nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
On the Relation between the Mortality and the Penetration Capacity of the Larvae into and Agar LayerKeiichi OISHI, Michiharu HIRAOKI1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1345-1348
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mortality and penetration capacity of the Anisakis larvae in physiological saline were studied at room temperature (20 to 25°C). With the lapse of time, the degree of mortality increased, while the penetration capacity into an agar layer was almost constant. Therefore it is suggested that the penetration capacity into human alimental canals of live larvae remains constant at least for 18 days. From the view point of food hygiene, the presence of live Anisakis larvae in the seafood should be awarded.View full abstractDownload PDF (190K) -
Fumio NAGAYAMA, Hiroshi OHSHIMA, Toshio TAKEUCHI1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1349
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Katsumi AIDA, Takashi HIBIYA, Yasukatsu OSHIMA, Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Joh ...1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1351
Published: December 25, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368a
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368b
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368c
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368d
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368e
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368f
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368g
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368h
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368j
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1973 Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages 1368k
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