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Volume 46, Issue 7
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Yohshihachiro NIMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 787-795
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new set of equations was developed to descrine the filter feeding process, incorporating the critical food density at which the rate-limiting process changed. The set was coposed of two groups of equations; one for the process below the critical density and the other for that aove the densiy. Though the former has already been used, the alatter is new one. By the case study adopting the present model, the critical density estimated by the change in filtering rate was found to be usually lower than that by the change in ingestion rate. Three equations for the estimation of filtering rate and seven equations of ingestion rate were examined for error by the ratio of the estimate to that of present model, Although the present model is most suitable, a group of equations which are used in the present model at lower food densities is found most suitable when any two of the critical concentration, the maximal filtering rate and the maximal ingestion rate are not kmown. The group of equations will usually give estimarees of computational error less than 20 per cent, while some thers may give values more than one hundred times (or less than one humdredth) of the correct value.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Mikio OGURI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 797-800
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA histological investigation was made on the juxtaglomerular cell granules (JG granules), using the kidneys of rockfish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa, and pig, Sus scrofa. JG granules in these three species were clearly stained with Bowie's method . In other staining methods, however, remarkable aifferences were observed in JG granules of these species. Only JG granules of rockfish were PAS-positive in PAS and Mayer's acid hemalum stain. In Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin stain, JG granules of pig and rabbitfish were siderophilic. Furthermore, JG granules of porcine kidney were stained with phloxine in Gomori's chrome-hematoxylin and phloxine stain. On the other hand, in Mallory's triple stain, JG granules in porcine kidney were stained with acid fuchsin, whereas those in rockfish and rabbitfish with orange G.View full abstractDownload PDF (1197K) -
Riichi KUSUDA, Yutaka FUKUDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 801-807
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of vaccine against pseudotuberculosis, caued by Pasteurella piscicida, in cultured yellowtail. Seriola quinquraiata, has been attempted, yet few studies of humoral aspect of the immune response in yellowtail have been reported. The present study was desiged to obtain some informations about agglutinating antibody titers and serum protein changes of cultured yellowtail immunized by intraperitoneal injection with formalin-killed P. piscicida cells in FREVND's complete adjuvant.
Agglutinating antibody titers in immunized fish sera increased ranging from 1:256 to 1:2, 048 five weeks after immunization. Serum protein changes after immunization were observed by electrophoretic analyses; cellulose acetate electrophoresis, polyacrylamied gel disc electrophoreses and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis. Both immunized and control fish sera were separated into four fractions by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and agglutinating antibody activity was found in the first fraction of immunized one. This fraction included the protein, more than approximately 800, 000 inmolecular weight, the changes of which wre observed in number and density of precipitin lines formed in α-β _globulin region in agar gel immunoelectrophoresis after immunization.
It is concluded that production of agglutinating antibody results in serum protein changes, observed in agar gel immunelectrophoresis, after parenteral immunization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1425K) -
Hiroshi KAWATSU, Tadashi SAKAI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 809-812
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn outbreak of hyperbilirubinemia occurred in cultured eel and diseased fish were macroscopically distinguished by yellowish surface discoloration of the abdomen and fins. Their livers exhibited many minute white spots and congestion; their total bilirubin levels were 4.6-14.2mg/100 ml, approximately 30 times higher than normal. Direct reacting bilirubin was 70.3-80.8% of total bilirubin. GOT and GPT levels were 73-304 and 12-37 Karmen units, respectively, approximately 4 times higher than normal. No significant difference in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted between normal and the diseased eels. The present hyperbilirubinemia was categorized as predominant type of conjugated bilirubin, associated with multifunctional liver cell impairment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1179K) -
Keiji HIROSE1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 813-818
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of repeated treatments of HCG on ovulation and egg qualities in ayu were investigated in this study. HCG 1000 or 750 IU-treated fish indicated high percentages of fertilization and hatching, whereas in HCG 500 or 100 IU-treated fish values were very low. Other indices such as egg stage and water content of eggs were also different between groups receiving single or repeated injections of HCG. In correspondence to the change in egg qualities the fish treated with 1000 or 750 IU showed an increase in body weight. But the groups receiving repeated injections of HCG 500 or 100 IU showed a decrease in body weight. Thus body weight change may be an appropriate index for determing egg quality.
In the groups treated with repeated injections of HCG 500 or 100 IU the serum corticoids were higher than in the saline or HCG 1000 IU group. Furthermore, the relationship between these high titers of corticoids and egg quality was discudded.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Tomomi KAWAMURA, Tamotsu TAMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 819-830
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Electrical responses to chemicals and thermal changes were recorded from the buccal nerve branch innervating pit organs on the snout region of the carp, Cyprinus carpio.
2. Spontaneous discharges recorde from the buccal nerve branch were quite active, High spontaneous activity was also observed in most single fibers emamined and the mean rate of the spontaneous discharges in 52 fibers was 68.8±38.0 impulses/5 sec.
3. Responses to electrolytes were clear, but those to non-electrolytes were obtained neither from the whole nerve prparation nor from the single fibers. Pit organs are considered to be ion detectors.
4. The threshold of HCL was below 10-5M and that of NaCl was a little higher than this value. High sensitivity to acids and salts may be useful for the detection of the water quality.
5. Response patterns to chemicals wre quite uniform and no specific fiber was found in the buccal nerve branch. Since high correlation coeffcients were obtanied among the sensitivities to various chemicals, it may be assumed that the pit organ can not discriminate the variety of taste qualities and that it functions as a primitive type of chemoreceptor.
6. In the whole nerve response, thermal changes produced two response patterns: excitatory to the cooling and inhibitory to the warming. Temperature sensitive fibers, which were also sensitive chemicals, were classified into 4 types according to their response patterns. Pit organs, may be considered to act as thermal receptors as well as well as chemoreceptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Kei TAKIZAWA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 831-835
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe daily catch of shirasu fishery in the coastal region of the Tosa Bay fluctuates irregularly day by day, while the seasonal change of species or size composition in catch is almost stationary every year. As the histogram of C(t) which is the cubic root of daily catch shows some normal distribution, time series analysis was carried out depending upon the stantionary and ergodic property of C(t).
According to the inspections, it is inferred that C(t) fluctuation is based on the long term period of a month or more and is modified by some characteristic period of a few days or a week. And under the assumption that C(t) may be determined by the abunadance of fishing resource and the complex system which is composed of some factors and is specific to the fishery ground, the author attempted to analyze C(t) fluctuation by considering the ordinary differental equation of nonhomogeneous type. It was found that the two comparative spectra which are S(ƒ) that is got from the real C(t) fluctuatoon and Sc(ƒ) from this system analysis are in close correspondence.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Reduction of Chlorinated Nitrobipheyl Ethers by Carp and Rat Intestinal MicroorganismasMasaki MIYAUCHI, Mitsuzo TAKAGI, Takayoshi UEMATSU1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 837-844
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reduction of chlorinated nitrobiphenyl ethers and their nitroso derivatives, and the stability of their amino derivatives by carp and rat intestinal microorganisms were investigated. All the chlorinated nitrobiphenyl ethers used were reduced to teh corresponding amino derivatives by intestinal microorganisms of carp and rat under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, The reduction rate of the clorinated nitrobiphenyl ethers was greater by rat intestinal micoorganisms than by carp intestinal microorganisms and was much faster under anaerobic condition than aerobic condition in both cases. Among the chlorinated nitrobiphenyl ethers, the reduction rate was the greatest of p-nitrobiphenyl ether followed by monochloro p-nitrobiphinyl ethers, 2, 4-dichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether and then 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether, and was dependent on the number of chlorine in the phenoxy group of the compounds. The amino derivatives except 4-chloro p-aminobiphenyl ether were stable with regard to intestinal microorganisms of both species. While, the nitroso derivatives were rapidly reduced to the amino derivatives by intestinal microorganisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Chlorophyll c of Brown Sea-weedNozomu HIROTA, Izumi MATSUMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 845-849
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChlorophyll a and c in twelve species of brown algae were extracted with acetone and determined spectroscopically accorrding to the formula of JEFFERY et al. Chlorophyll c was found to be over 100mg/100g dry basis in the frond of Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum fulvellum and S. confusum, but far lower in the rest of the species examined. Molar ratio of chlorophyll c to chlorophyll a ranged 1.89-9.73 by the species and the part of the bodies examined. Chlorophyll c in dried Undaria pinnatifida in the market was higher in highly graded products but lower or absent in onrdinary and low graded products.
An experiment was carried out to purify chlorophyll c from fresh Undaria. A black precipitate acquired after cellulose column chromatography was further chromatographed with polyethylene column and elutriated with acetone and pyridine giving two substances consindered to be chlorophyll c1 and c2, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Hiroshi KUMAGAI, Kiyoko SAEKI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 851-854
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the seasonal variation in heavy metal content of benthos inhabiting in the shallow waters unaffecated with industrial waste disposal, total mercury, selenium, zinc, arsenic, copper, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel were determined in the edible portion of short-neck clam obtained at Aio-cho in Yamaguchi Prefefture during the period from 1977 to 1979.
A seasonal variation with a maximun in winter was found in the levels of mercury, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese and nickel, whereas the seasonal consistency was observed in the levels of the other metals, i. e., selenium, zinc, arsenic and copper.View full abstractDownload PDF (219K) -
Kenji HAYASHI, Toru TAKAGI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 855-861
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diacyl glyceryl ether composition of the liver lipids of deep-sea ratfish, Hydrolagus novaezealandiae, was investigated.
The liver of this deep-sea ratfish yielded high lipid content (64.1%), of which neutral lipids were the predominant classes accounting for more than 99% of the total lipid content. This is in contrast with the muscle lipids which yielded a low lipid content (0.7%), of which phospholipids accounted for 78%. The amount of diacyl glyceryl ethers (65.8%) was much greater than that of triglycerides (10.4%) in the liver lipids. The component glyceryl ethers of diacyl glyceryl ethers were found to consist mostly of saturates (29.3%) and monoenes (66.9%) of 14-22 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety. The principle components found were 18:1 (51.2%), 16:0 (14.9%), 18:0 (9.6%), and 16:1 (8.7%).
The fatty acid composition of diacyl glyceryl ethers from liver lipids was similar to that of triglycerides which consist mainly of monoenoic acids having 18:1 acid as its predominant component. In contrast, those of the neutral lipids and phospholipids of the muscle contained considerable amounts of polyenoic acids in which 22:6 acid was found to be the predominant component.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Eiji NIWA, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMADA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 863-866
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the state of water in fish gel, differential spectrum was illustrated from two IR spectra recorded before and after dehydration of sample. At the initial stage of dehydration of ground fish flesh, a band around 3600cm-1 appeared quickly, but another band around 3100cm-1 did not appear readily. The band intensty ratio of the latter to the former decreased, for flatfish and jack macikerel, in the order of setting gel (Suwari gel), fish sol (Surimi) and ground fish flesh. However, no difference was detected between setting gel and fish sol for carp, which was known as a fish hard to set. The ratio decresased for fish gels from jack mackerel and big eye, in the order of those prepared by preheating fish sols at 40°C for 60min before heating at 90°C for 15min (Suwari kammaboko).
those prepared without preheating (kamaboko), and those preheated at 60°C for 120min (Modori kamaboko). Furthermore, any of these three gels from jack mackerel was lower than setting gel in the ratino.View full abstractDownload PDF (247K) -
Eiji NIWA, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMADA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 867-870
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyosin heavy chain (light chain-free myosin) was prepared from the white muscle of mackerel, striped pigfish, carp. jack mackerel and yellow tail by the modification of the method for rabbit. Myosin was treated with 2M LiCl-0.1M KCl-0.1M glycine buffer (pH 11.35) containing 1 mM ATP and 0.5% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol, for 50 min under reduced pressure. Crued myosin heavy chain was precipitated by adding 2.5M K citrate (pH 7.1), then purified by repeated dissolutions and precipitations.
Purities of the products were calculated to be 80-94% from the area of the band in the densitogram pattern for SDS polyacarylamide gel electrophoresis and their yields were 54-70% based on the myosin. The intrinsic viscosities of the heavy chains were 1.8dl/g for carp and 1.9dl/g for yellow tail at 10°C. E_??_ values at 280 nm were varied from 8 to 31 for the above fifhes at pH 7.5, and CD spectrum of the heavy chain from striped pigfish showed two extreme at 208 nm (θ=-32, 000) and 222 nm (θ=-36, 000).View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Chiaki KOIZUMI, Hisaaki TERASHIMA, Shum WADA, Jumsaku NONAKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 871-877
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rates of lipid oxidation of saled freeze-dried bluefin tuna and sablefish meats, as model of salted dried fish products, wrere investigated as a function of moistrue equilibrium relative humidity at 25°C.
The lipid oxidationm in the salted freeze-dried bluefin tuna proceeded rapidly at all relative humidities tested (ranging from 0 to 71%) during storage, resulting in the considerable loss of polyenoic acids; the rates of oxidateve destrcution of polyenoic acids wre higher at lower relative humidity. The oxidative destructions of some of monoenoic acids wre also fornd in the lipids of salted freezedried bluefin tuna.
On the other hand, the lipids in salted freeze-dried sablefish were stable to oxidative destruction, even at lower relative humidity such as 11% RH corresponding to the monomolecular layer of water. No changes wre found in the percentages of polyenoic and monoenoic acids in the total lipids of salted freeze-dried sablefish during storage. However, the lipids were hydrolyzed enzymatically at higher relative humidity such as 71% RH.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
Carotenoids of Chum Salmon, Coho Salmon, Biwa Trout, Red-spotted Masu Salmon, Masu Salmon, and KokaneeTakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA, Seiichi NAGATA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 879-884
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoids from the integuments of chum salmon, coho salmon, Biwa trout, redspotted masu salmon, masu salmon, and kokance wrer investigated. They have closely similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of β-carotene, echinenone, cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, tunaxanthin (mixture of tunaxanthin A, B, C), violaxanthin, lutein, 3'-epilutein, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, salmioxanthin, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, doradexanthin (α and β), astaxanthin, triol and tertol (β-carotene type).
A new epoxy carotenoid, salmoxanthin was found in all species and was predominant (16-30%) in five out of the six species mentioned above.
From the results of the present investigation, the authors proposed the assumption that salmoxanthin might be a chemical indicator in the family salmionidae.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Ikuo KIMURA, Bunji YOSHITOMI, Kunihiko KONNO, Ken-ichi ARAI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 885-892
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Myosin was isolated from the squid mantle muscle in a high yield by EBASHI's method which has been used for preparation of chicken gizzard myosin. Paramyosin contaminating in the preparation, was successfully eliminated by the following procedure: rabbit F-actin was added to form acatomyosin complesx with squid myosin in the medium containing 0.5M KCI. Acatomyosin formed was sedimented by ultracentriafugation, leaving paramyosin in the supernatant. The pellet thus obtained was dissolved in 0.5M KCI (pH 7.0) and the pure myosin was collected by salting out with (NH4)2SO4 in the presence of ATP-Mg.
2) The squid myosin thus prepared was shown to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugal sedimentation. The sedimentation constant (s20.w) was estimated to be 6.0 S corresponding to the monomeric myosin.
3) The SDS-polyacarylamide gel electrophoretic patterns showed that the squid myosin contained protein componets corresponging to a heavy chain and two light chains with molecular weights of 15, 000 and 17, 000.
4) The ATPase activity of squid myosin was different from that of rabbit skeletal myosin with respect to specific avativity and KCI concentration dependence.
5) The squid myosin was similar to that of rabbit myosin in acatin avtivation of its Mg-ATPase activity.
6) The Ca-ATPase avtivity of squid myosin was approximatedy fifty times sensitive to heat-inavtivation, like that of rabbit myosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1770K) -
Takahide TSUCHIYA, Takashi SHINOHARA, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 893-896
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTropomyosin preparations from obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid were obtained from low ionic strength extracts of natural actomyosin and their physico-chemical properties were studied. The sedimentation coefficient, 3.0 S, and the intrinsic viscosity, 0.31dl/g, of squid tropomyosin were very similar to those of skeletal tropomyosin. The relative viscosity decreased with increasing ionic strength, becoming constant over 0.1 M KCl. The molecular weight of the squid tropomyosin subunits, 3.5 × and 3.7 × 104, obtained by SDS disc electrophoresis was slightly higher than those of other species. There are some differences between squid and vertebrates in the contents of some amino acids, such as Pro, Trp and Arg. Moreover, the squid tropomyosin was poorer than the skeletal and the non-muscle tropomyosins in easily forming the paracrystals and did not form any crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Akihiro MURAKAMI, Chinkichi OGINO1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 897-899
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe availability for Tilapia nilotica of phosphorus contained in white fish meal was determined by feeding fish meal diets containing different levels of phosphorus. The availability of dietary phosphorus was evaluated by the growth rate of fish, chemical analysee of the whole bodies and bones, gross appearance of the bones and apparent absorption of didtary phosphorws from the digestive tract. The results demonstrated that the availability for Tilapia of the phosphorus contained in the fis meal was around 65%, comparable to those in rainbow trout and chum salmon. thus the supplementation of the diets containing this fish meal with primary sodium phosphate resulted in no acceleration of the growth response of Tilapia. The requiement of phosphours for the maximum growth and the normal growth response of tilapia. The requirement of phosphorus for the maximum growth and the normal bone mineralization is postulated to be less than 0.9% in diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (224K) -
Paul MAUGLE, Tadashi KAMATA, Scott MCLEAN, Kenneth L. SIMPSON, Teruhis ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 901-904
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoid composition of the fresh-water prawn, Macrobrachium rosembergii, was analyzed. Astaxanthin and its esters were found to be the prinary pignents in the fresh-water parwn, M. rosenbergii. A small amount of echinenone, isocryptoxanthin, α-and β-cryptoxanthin were also detected in the prawn fed an experimental diet.
The deposition of carotenoid pimgment in the fresh-eater prawn with and without eyestalk ablation was examined. Prawn were fed diets contanining β-carotene or canthaxanthin at a level of 40mg/100g diet for three weeks. Astaxanthin and its esters were isolated as the dominant pigment in all groups. The prawn fed the pigmented diets appeared more pigmented. In the ablated groups, prawn fed the pigmented diets shoued a significant increase in carotennoid leveld over anlated controls.
The finding of isocryptoxanthin and echinenone and the significant increase of astaxanthin and its esters in the ablated prawn fed β-carotene and acnthaxanthin could indicate that M. rosenbergii is capable of converting β-carotene into astaxaanthin via siocryptoxanthin, echinenone and canthaxanthin.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Hideaki YAMANAKA, Kazuo SHIOMI, Masaki NAITO, Takeaki KIKUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 905-907
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy determining the histamine content in the canned albacore and skipjack whose quality was judged by organoleptic rating, it was examined whether histamine can be a suitable quality index or not. Histamine became high in content as the quality of canned meat lowered. The hypoxanthine ratio was found out to be better quality index of canned albacore and skipjack than histamine content.
Histamine content was determined in the canned albacore, skipjack, mackerel, sardine and saury pike purchased from the retail market. In the cannde meat of albacore classified as fancy, 0.7 to 1.3mg/100g of histamine was detected. and in the canned albacore flakes, 1.5 to 5.2 mg/100g of histamine was determined . Histamine was detected in concentrations of 1.4 to 3.6mg/100g in canned skipjack, 2.0 to 4.0mg/100g in canned mackerel, 2.5 to 4.8mg/100g in canned sardine, and 2.4 to 5.5mg/100g in canned saury pike, respectively.
The amount of histamine in the canned red meat fish determined in this study is far less than that inducing allergy-like food posioning, and from the standpoint of food hygiene these canned meats are judged to be safe and wholesome.View full abstractDownload PDF (196K) -
Koji NAKAMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 909
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (100K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Seiichi NAGATA, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1980 Volume 46 Issue 7 Pages 911
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (88K)
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