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Volume 22, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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On the Feeding Habit of Muraenesox cinereusHideo NONAKA, formerly OTAKI1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 73-81
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is very important to investigate the feeding habit of fish in order to make clear a section of fish ecology. Accordingly, the author has been engaged in the study of the feeding habit of Muraenesox cinereus since April 1951.
The fish dealt with here was collected from Fukuoka Fish Market between April, 1951 and August, 1952 and from March, 1953 to December, 1953. Their stomach weights were measured and the contents examined. The results obtained are as follows.
1. The teeth of M. cinereus are very sharp and suitable for attack on the food animals. The fish are voracious and their liver are rather large.
2. The number of fish whose stomach contents are recognizable is generally a little larger between July & Sept. than other seasons but this frequency does not show a definite trend in relations the size of the body.
3. All of the foods are animal material and various as to species. Generally speaking, crustacea amount to 45.2%, fish to 36.3% and mollusca to 18.5%.
4. In relation to the body length,
a) Crustacea decrease from about 63% to 13%, while.
b) Mollusca gradually increase from about, 3% to 32%.
c) The fish preyed are almost invariable under 400mm in body length, but increase from about 33% to 80% immediately over 400mm.
5. The composition of stomach contents varies as shown in Fig. 3 which is illustrated by triangular graph in a year. Further, the feeding habit of the fish varies according to the size of body, but no abrupt change occurs annually.
6. Among the food animals, the crabs are greatest in quantity, then the lobsters, squids, octopus and squills follow.
Platycephalus indicus, Cynoglossidae and Trichurus haumela also attract M. cinereus, but the author does not think that the latter selects the fish species especially.
7. The logarithm of stomach weight increases in proportion to the enlargement of that of body length.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Yoshimasa ENOMOTO1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 82-88_1
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Kazumi ISII, Motoo INOUE1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe discovered the comparatively ripe ovary and un-ripe ovary from Albacores which were fished by Japanese fishing boat “No. 8 Kairyu Maru” in the Coral Sea January 1954.
This is new-fact which was not noted by now.
According to our observation and measurement two comparatively perfect samples have nearly the same length, 28.8cm, 29.0cm. and nearly the same rear tip width, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, but the weight ratio, 289.1 gr. : 101.5 gr. (1:1/2.8), respectively (Table 1).
By the egg-diameter measurement of ripe ovary sample A we found that the development of eggs have the same diameter in, vertical sections for the center of ovary, but not in every parts of parallel sections for the center-ovary, and the diameter is 0.397±0.028mm ?? 0.445±0.020mm, two samples are not perfect ripe ovary.
We presume that the Coral Sea and the easterly adjoining sea are. Albacore's spawning area.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K) -
Inv ?? stigation of Conditions Affecting the TTC ReactionEizi OGATA1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 94-98
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOwing to the characteristic growth of Conchocelis filaments perforating the shells, discrimination of intact, injured and dead states in them has so far been in great difficulties. A particular advantage was found in the use of tetrazolium salt as a viability indicator. Triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) used in properly conditioned treatments was reduced by the filaments so as to produce red pigmentation by formazan. The gradation in the reduction reflected the intact, injured and dead states very sharply, no reduction occuring in the dead filaments.
Recommendable conditions for viability test were found as the following:
a) The final TTC concentrations of 1mg./cc. in twice diluted sea water is sufficient for use;
b) Incubation at 30°C. favours the reaction greatly and lower temperature is disadvantageous:
c) Illumination (1500-2000 lux) and evacuation do not favour the reaction so much, and is unnecessary in most cases.
Non-enzymatic photochemical reduction of TTC, especially by ultraviolet irradiation was vigorous. But such a reduction could be obviously distinguished and excluded from the vital reduction.
From these result: it was concluded that the TTC test gives quite reliable criteria, and should be recommended to practical nursing and cultivation of Porphyra tenera and Conchocelis.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Injury and Tolerance of Filaments as Affected by Environmental FactorsEizi OGATA1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 99-103
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was found, as reported in the pr vious paper, that the gradations in the reduction of TTC by filament reflected sharply the intact, injured and dead states.
Limits of viability of filaments under various deleterious conditions were determined by using TTC as indicator.
The results are summarized as fo1lows:
1) Injurious effect of 10-4M. copper sulfate in sea water becomes manifest within 1 day, 10-6M. after 3 days, and 10-8M. after 5 days;
2) The critical temperature of causing damage after 24 hours of incubation is found at 30° to 32°C.;
3) Injury becomes apparent after 3 hours of desiccation at 66% relative humidity, and within 1 to 2 hours at 10%, respectively;
4) By the ultraviolet irradiation (quartz mercury sterilizing lamp), severe injury occurs after 30 minutes, and complete killing after an hour.
Further research in extended application of the TTC test method to other useful algae is in progress.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
On the Preparation of Alginic Acid by Electrodialysis with Three ChambersYoshio KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 104-107
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSodium alginate solution prepared from Eckloria cava at the optimum extracting condition was electrodialysed with three chambers under water cooling, depositing alginic acid in the middle chamber. The results obtained after 5 ampere-hours were as follows; current efficiency, 45.5%: electric energy consumption and yield of alginic acid, 76.5 KWH/kg. and 23%, respectively. It has been shown that ash content of the alginic acid prepared is less than 1%, while total nitrogen content is not much different as compared with one obtained by the two chamber method.View full abstractDownload PDF (262K) -
On the Decolorization of Alginic Acid with Chlorine Gas BlowingYoshio KOJIMA1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 108-111
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the objects of decolorization of sodium alginate soln. and of decreasing total N content, comparison has been made between the two methods, that is, chlorine gas blowing and electrolytic bleaching. From the relations between bleaching condition and the purity and properties of alginic acid, it was found that 13l. of chlorine gas was the most appropriate for decolorizing 800cc of 1.25% sodium alginate soln.
A sodium alginate soln. decolorized with this amount of chlorine gas was electrodialyzed with three chambers. The results attained after the electrodialysis of 7.3 ampere-hours were as follows: electric energy consumption and yield of alginic acid, 69.8 KWH/kg. and 23%, respectively. By this method, total N content could not be reduced to less than 1%, but the ashcontent could be reduced to 0.5%.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
Bacteriostatic Effect of Disinfectants on Heated Spores (1)Wataru SIMIDU, Saburo UENO1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 112-115
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spores of Bacillus mesentericus, heated in the solution of three kinds of disinfectant, Furaskin, pentachlor phenol and vitamin K3 at 86°C., were cultured in the medium containing the same disinfectants. The bacteriostatic effects were observed, comparing with the germination rate which is the ratio of the number of the germinated spores in the medium with disinfectant to the number of those germinated in the culture without disinfectant. The results are as follows;
(1) The bacteriostatic effect was raised with the increasing of the heating time.
(2) The effect was increased more intensely when the spores were heated in the existence of disinfectants.
(3) The germination of the spores was delayed remarkably in the recovery culture containing disinfectants.
(4) Among these three disinfectants, Furaskin appears to have the highest bacteriostatic effect and pentachlor phenol comes next to and vitamin K3 falls behind the others.View full abstractDownload PDF (247K) -
Bacteriostatic Effect of Disinfectants on Heated SporesWataru SIMIDU, Saburo UENO1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 116-119
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spores of Bacillus mycoides were heated in the solution with and without three kinds of disinfectant, Furaskin, pentachlor phenol and vitamin K3, and their bacteriostatic effect in two cases in the recovery media containing the same disinfectants were compared with one another;
(1) The bacteriostatic effects of these disinfectants were raised with increasing of the heating periods.
(2) Spores heated in the existence of disinfectant were more easily bacteriostaticized by the same disinfectants.
(3) The germination of spores was delayed remarkably in the recovery culture containing these an ?? iseptics.
(4) Among these three disinfectants, the intensity of bacteriostatic effects were in regular order, of Furaskin, pentachlor phenol and vitamin K3, diminishing from the higher efficiency.
(5) The results of the both present and previous experiments are summarized discussing that the existence of some disinfectant in the sterilization of food has an important signification.View full abstractDownload PDF (227K) -
Tetuo TOMIYAMA, Shunichi KUROKI, Denki MAEDA, Moriji HAMADA, Akira HON ...1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 120-127
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers1)2), it was shown that a considerable effectiveness in keeping quality of sardine and mackerel was obtained on treating with chlorotetracycline under appropriate conditions.
The present report deals with various possible procedures for the treatment of Pacific round herring with chlorotetracycline on a practical scale, aboard ship immediately after catching and/or on shore after landing.
The results indicate that the spoilage of fish was retarded markedly by storage aboard ship in sea water containing 10 p.p.m. of chlorotetracycline and ice containing 5 p.p.m. of chlorotetracycline or by storage in ice containing 5 p.p.m. of chlorotetracycline after landing without treatment with chlorotetracycline sea water on the boat. The effectiveness of chlorotetracycline in extending the storage life was tested under two storage conditions: 15 to 20°C. and -1 to 2°C. By judging from organoleptic examinations and values for total volatile bases and histamine, It was found that maximum prolongation of storage life over that of the control was 90% at 15-20°C. and 40% at -1 to 2°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Tetuo TOMIYAMA, Yasuo YONE, Shunichi KUROKI, Minoru NOMURA, Shotaro HA ...1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 128-135
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors (TOMIYAMA, KUROKI and NOMURA) have previously reported that the spcilage of sardine and mackerel was markedly retarded by Aureomycin (chlorotetracycline)1-3). The present report deals with prolongation of storage life of yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena manchuria), red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) and a species of sole (Areliscus joyneri) by treating with Aureomycin on board the trawler.
1) The freshness of yellow croaker after landing was the best in a group which had been subject to a 10-minute dip in Aureomycin (10 p. p. m.)-sea water immediately after capture, followed by holding in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice on the boat for 13 days. The second best quality was found in a group which had been kept in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice on the boat (Tables 1 and 2).
2) The combination of the dip in the Aureomycin-sea water and holding in the Aureomycin-ice on the boat gave a storage life at least 560% longer than the control, i.e., a 10-day prolongation when yellow croaker were held in the corresponding ice after landing and left in a storage room at -1 ?? 1°C. Under the identical condition of storage, the holding in the Aureomycin-ice on the boat without the dip treatment gave a storage life at least 360% longer than the control, i.e., a 5-day prolongation (Tables 1 and 2). A certain extension of storage life was also observed when the fish was left at 21-29°C. (Table 3).
3) Little effectiveness in keeping freshness was observed when red sea bream had been held in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice on the boat for 20 days. The result might be due to the shortage of ice which was noticed after landing, because subsequent storage in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice after landing showed a definite prolongation of storage-life compared to the control group held in plain ice (Tables 4 and 5).
4) Sole which had been held in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice on the boat were transported from Fukuoka to Osaka, about three hundred miles by train and graded in the fish market of Osaka. It was noticed that the freshness of the fish held in Aureomycin (5 p. p. m. )-ice far exceeded the control held in plain ice particularly with respect to the body color and firmness of the flesh (Table 6).View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
Shigeo MURAYAMA, Kikuko TABEI1956 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 136-141
Published: June 25, 1956
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vitamin B1, B2, B6 and B12 contents in the pyloric appendages of several fishes were determined. The results obtained were summarized in Tables 1, 2, 5 and 6.
Of the amount of various vitamins contained in the pyloric appendages, B1 ranged from 80 to 400γ%, B2 from 170 to 840γ%, B6 from 1 to 4.9γ/g and B12 was equivalent to 1.2 and 2.1γ%.
However, among the same species of fish the vitamin B1 and B2 contents of the pyloric appendages does not change markedly. It appears that the pyloric appendages keep these vitamins in the constant amount needed for physiological function.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K)
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