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Volume 63, Issue 7
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Technical Report
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Takao KAWANO2014 Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 345-354
Published: July 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIt is known that radiation is detected at random and the radiation counts fluctuate statistically. In the present study, a radiation measurement experiment was performed to understand the randomness and statistical fluctuation of radiation counts. In the measurement, three natural radiation sources were used. The sources were fabricated from potassium chloride chemicals, chemical fertilizers and kelps. These materials contain naturally occurring potassium-40 that is a radionuclide.
From high schools, junior high schools and elementary schools, nine teachers participated to the radiation measurement experiment. Each participant measured the 1-min integration counts of radiation five times using GM survey meters, and 45 sets of data were obtained for the respective natural radiation sources. It was found that the frequency of occurrence of radiation counts was distributed according to a Gaussian distribution curve, although the obtained 45 data sets of radiation counts superficially looked to be fluctuating meaninglessly.View full abstractDownload PDF (6523K)
Materials(Data)
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Subcommittee for Radionuclide Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Technology, ...2014 Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 355-380
Published: July 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe tenth tri-annual safety survey in nuclear medicine practice in Japan was conducted under the subcommittee for radionuclide imaging and nuclear medicine technology of the Japan Radioisotope Association to promote patient safety.
A questionnaire was mailed to 1279 nuclear medicine facilities, in which seventy-one percents of them(907) responded. The survey revealed that 5634 workers, which comprised 1094 physicians, 3371 technicians, 692 nurses, and 477 other professionals including pharmacists were engaging in nuclear medicine. There were 1087 SPECT systems of which 809(74.4%) were 2-headed SPECT systems, 147 hybrid SPECT/CT systems, and 285 hybrid PET/CT systems. The total numbers of dose calibrators, well counters, and survey meters the facilities possessed were 712, 363, and 1226, and the proportions of the facilities having at least one of these ionization radiation detectors was 66.0%, 38.7%, and 72.4%, respectively. Quality control(QC) procedures of dual-or triple-headed SPECT system, SPECT/CT systems, and PET/CT system, were performed regularly in over 90% of these systems, but the less facilities drafted a plan of QC procedures. Regular QC procedures of the ionization radiation detectors mentioned above were less frequently performed(35.8-47.2%).There were reports on 91 accidents and 146 incidents. The primary factors were patients' careless movement and unfavorable condition, accounting for 48.4%(44cases) of the accidents and the 38.4%(56cases) of the incidents.
The countermeasures taken most frequently were 107 personal advices(42.6%) to workers in charge and 43(17.1%) attempts of improvement in workflow. There were 26 institutions with no countermeasures despite their accidents or incidents. A matter of primary concern of nuclear medicine technicians was about safety of moving or detachable parts of the SPECT, SPECT/CT, and PET/CT systems such as collimators, gamma or positron camera heads, and beds(378 responses, 67.1%). Improvements were applied to the moving parts(56 responses, 18.6%), beds(91 responses, 30.2%), and careful patient monitoring during image acquisition. The survey showed that major troubles of the systems occurred in electronic circuits in 72 cases(20.4%) and natural disasters including East Japan Great Earthquake and Tsunami in 12 cases. The major desire to manufactures were improvement of quality of bed(117 responses, 30.0%) to keep patients free from injury by fall from, or pinching by the table.
The results of the survey may be a valuable basis for improvement of safety in nuclear medicine practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (15471K)
Serial Lecture
Neutron Scattering Study on Dynamics of Atomic and Molecular Motions
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Proton DynamicsYoshiaki FUKUSHIMA, Satoru FUJITA2014 Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 381-387
Published: July 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSQuasi-elastic neutron scattering(QENS) at small momentum transfer(Q) is related to the self-diffusion and that at higher momentum transfer related local jump motion. Motions of hydrogen in inorganic oxides, porous materials and organic polymer gels were constituted through the moving with water molecules, local jump between trapped sites and other moving modes. The QENS experiments provided the Q and energy(ω) transfer region, which correspond with each moving modes. As the obtained broad QENS spectra contain many moving modes, careful analyses should be necessary by reliable experimental data using a facility with high-resolution, wide momentum-transfer spectrometer and high neutron flux.View full abstractDownload PDF (4650K)
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