RADIOISOTOPES

Tritium-Incorporation into Ethers in T-for-H Exchange Reaction

Hiroshi IMAIZUMI, Naoki KANO, Jou HIRAMATSU

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 897-903
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_897

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In order to reveal whether theHatom (s) directly bonded to carbon atom can participate inTfor-Hexchange reaction, theTfor-Hexchange reaction between an ether having normal chain (or cyclic) structure and aT-labeled compound was dynamically observed at the range of 30-80°Cin the liquid-solid system. Each ether used includes an atom having lone pairs. In the exchange reaction, polyvinyl (vinyl alcohol) havingT-labeledOHgroups (i.e., OTgroup) was used as a solid sample material, and one of three ethers (tetrahydrofuran (THF), dibutylether (DBuEt), and diisopropylether (DIProEt) ) dissolved in p-xylene was used as a liquid sample material. The concentrations of the solutions were set at 2.0, 1.0 and 1.0mol· dm^-3, respectively. Applying the A″-McKay plot method to the data obtained from the exchange reaction, the rate constant (k) for each ether in the reaction was calculated. Comparing the k thus obtained and k obtained previously, the following five have been clarified. (1) TheHatom included in each ether can participate in theTfor-Hexchange reaction in contact withT-labeled compound. (2) Each ether can participate in the exchange reaction as well as the functional groups (e.g., -OH, -SH, -NH₂, -CHO, etc.) included in materials. (3) The decreasing order of the reactivity of the ethers is (THF) > (DBuEt) > (DIProEt) . (4) The temperature dependence of the reactivity of each ether is fairly smaller than that of the compound having a functional group (e.g., phenol, thiophenol, aniline, or benzaldehyde, etc.) . (5) It can be presumed that theHatoms (included in the ethers) participating in the exchange reaction are theHatoms directly bonded to a-carbon in the ethers.

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Seasonal Variation of Fissile Particulate Materials in Atmospheric Deposits Collected in Niigata

Kaneaki SATO, Tetsuo HASHIMOTO, Masayasu NOGUCHI, Tetsuya SANADA, Shoj ...

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 904-914
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_904

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Seasonal variations of fissile particulate materials, identified by fission track study, in monthly deposit collected in Niigata during 1985-1996 are presented. Probability of the month having larger number than the mean of monthly number of them varied with a tendency to be larger during December to April. In order to presume the origins of fissile particulate materials in deposit, ten stable elements in samples were determined by neutron activation analysis and the sizes of fissile particles were estimated by using a computer simulation. On the basis of these data, it was assumed that there were different origins of the fissile particulate materials such as soil near sampling site and Kosa dust.

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Fundamental Examination for Liver Function Parameter LU15 by ^99mTc-GSA

Yasunori SUZUKI, Yoshihiro KOHNO, Tomio NAKAGAWA, Takashi MUKAI, Naomi ...

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 915-919
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_915

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Fundamental examination for liver function parameter LU15 by^99mTc-GSA was done using the phantom. The total injected dose was measured by calculating the difference of^99mTcO₄^-radioactivity in the syringe before and after injection. As for the liver phantom in which the radiotracer and water were poured, attaching the empty body phantom to the liver phantom and filling the body phantom with water, we respectively measured the radioactivity count per minute (cpm) and calculated the uptake ratio (cpm/total injected dose) . In this study, it is supposed that LU15 will not exceed 46.4%. We investigated LU15 of 7 normal liver function cases. It ranged 24.7% to 37.0% (mean±SD: 31.4±4.2%), and supported the phantom study. Errors from the nuclear instruments and technique of measurement were little.

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Evaluation of Radiation Exposure From a Consumer Product

—An Optical Microscope—

Etsuko FURUTA, Tamaru ABURAI

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 920-925
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_920

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Some consumer products contain small amounts of radioisotopes, which called radioactive consumer products. The benefit of the radioactive consumer products must greatly exceed the risk of radiation from them. Moreover they have to be safe for public even after disposal. In this study, we have evaluated safety of an optical microscope that contains radioactivities in its prisms and an objective lens. Aγ-ray analysis of the prism using pureGe-multichannel analyzer reveals that there exist radioactivities of thorium series in it at concentration of 7.6% by the weight. Radioluminographic images of them were taken by FLA-2000 using an imaging plate. The results showed that thorium series were contained uniformly in the glasses. Dose equivalent rates at the surface and at the point of 1 m from the head of this microscope were measured by film badges (FB) and pocket dosimeters, respectively. If we used them 240 hours (=1h×20 days×12months), the result of FB showed under detection limit (0.1mSv) .However, dose equivalent rate at 1 m led about 420μSvper year after subtracting natural radiation if we stayed just there for one year (=24h ×365day) .
Although the outcomes of these evaluations of radiation exposure had little problems under the normal conditions, users had a right of determination to use or not to use these radioactive consumer products. So manufacturers have to express their products as radioactive consumer products.

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Sensitivity and Dynamic Range of Commercial Imaging Plates for Radioluminography to Alpha and Positron-emitters

Sentaro TAKAHASHI, Yoshihisa KUBOTA, Xue-Zhi SUN, Hiroshi SATO

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 926-932
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_926

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Sensitivity, measurement efficiency and dynamic range of commercial imaging plates for¹³N, ²³⁹Puand¹⁴Cwere studied. Radioactive spots were prepared by the blotting of 0.01mlradionuclide solution on paper filters, and exposed to imaging plates (BAS3002, Fuji Photo, Co. Ltd.) for 9.5minin¹³Nand for 20hin²³⁹Puand¹⁴C.Minimum detection limits, a radioactivity at which the spot on the paper filter was clearly visible on the image analyzer display, were 4.5×10^-2, 1.1×10^-1, and 2.8×10^-1Bq·h/mm²for¹³N, ²³⁹Puand¹⁴C, respectively. Maximum detection limit, radioactivity at which the saturation of counting was observed, were 3.6×10¹, 3.1×10² and 1.0×10³Bq·h/mm²for¹³N, ²³⁹Puand¹⁴C, respectively. Therefore, the dynamic ranges were calculated to be 7.9×10², 2.8×10³, and 3.6×10³for¹³N, ²³⁹Puand¹⁴C, respectively. In conclusion, the commercial imaging plates for radioluminography have high sensitivity and practically wide dynamic range not only for¹⁴Cbut also for²³⁹Puand¹³N.

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Tracer application of Tritium and Measurement of Chemical Reactivity by Isotope-exchange Reaction

Hiroshi IMAIZUMI

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 933-944
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_933

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Cancer Diagnosis Using PET: Its Various Aspects and Our Innovations

Masaaki HIRANO, Tooru KATO, Osamu KATO, Noboru KOSAKA, Toshihiko HARA, ...

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 945-952
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_945

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Instruments for Radiation Measurement in Biosciences. Series 3. Radioluminography

2. Standard Methods for Quantitative Radioluminography

Eiichi NAKAJIMA, Kenji KAWAI

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 953-965
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_953

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III. Measurement by Synchrotron Radiation

13. Protein Crystallography Using SR-X Rays

Kiwako SAKABE, Kyoyu SASAKI, Noriyoshi SAKABE

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 966-975
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_966

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VI. Analyses of Biological Samples Using Synchrotron Radiation

5. Cardiovascular Imaging by Using Synchrotron Radiation

Sadanori OHTSUKA, Yasuro SUGISHITA

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 976-981
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_976

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 983-984
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_983

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1998 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 985-986
Published: December 15, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.47.12_985

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