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Volume 13, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi IMAMURA, Kaoru UCHIDA, Hiroshi TOMINAGA1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 355-361
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs an advantageous example of application of X-ray emission analysis using radioactive sources, we have investigated the rapid analysis of cement raw mixture. Having succeeded in quantitative analysis of lime, silica, alumina and ferric oxide in the samples, we are now constructing the simultaneous analyzer of the all elements for the detector in the computer control system of cement raw mix composition.
Of these developments, we discussed here the problems concerning the pulse height analysis for non-dispersive X-ray spectrometry; first, spectrometry of adjacent elements, then, stabilization of the spectrometer.
In the former, pulse height channel setting technique utilizing the cancel effect was tried. Namely, suppose the case when only the content of lower-Z-element B increases, the count-decrease of higher-Z-element A is canceled by the count-increase of B. This effect appears between two adjacent elements where X-rays of A is resonantly absorbed by B. Thus, by the channel where this effect is valid, content of A can be easily determined independently of B, when. Z difference of both elements is adequately large, or when excitation-detection-efficiency of A is higher sufficiently than B. In fact SiO2 was analyzed without any effect by MgO or Al2O3 in cement raw mix.
In the next problem, on examination, it was proved that level stability of a single channel pulse height analyzer is fairly good and the most probable variation in pulse height arises out of a proportional counter (gas amplification in the counter varies sensitively by temperature or pressure of the gas) . So the detecting methods of pulse height variation using pulse height analyzer were studied, after all the method of H, de Waard was adopted (except that vacuum tube diode was displaced by silicon diode in pumping and switching circuit) . As the remarkable and symmetrical peak was produced by calcium in the spectrum of our example, fortunately, the vibrating channel was set at this peak level for the detection of pulse height variation. An feed back control of pulse height was carried out with the improved DC amplifier circuit (feed back amplifier as a controller) . Because of the lack of the amplifier gain, resetting operation by addition of “integration” was not effective. However, the results (stabilization factor and response characteristics) were better than those of H. de Waard. Stabilization factor was about 33 using the peak of Ca (half width=26%, total count rate=170 cps) .View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Masayasu NOGUCHI1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 362-367
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are several methods available for the measurements of radon activity, gas ionization chambers. ZnS scintillator, etc.
These methods have a disadvantage of difficulty of Rn gas sampling. So we developed a simple method for Rn measurement with liquid scintillator, which depended upon the fact that Rn had a large solubility in toluene used as a organic scintillation solvent.
This method is very convenient for the measurement of Rn gas concentration, especially in zuater.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Saburo SAKAMOTO, Taikichi HATTORI, Sadao SAWADA1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 368-376
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is described in this paper that moisture content in thin slabs of organic and inorganic substances can be measured with considerably high precision by using a Ra+Be neutron source, a BF3 counter and a block of paraffin.
As the paraffin block used as slowing-down material is presumed to be the effective source of slow neutrons, its arrangement and quantity will have a remarkable influence on the counting rate of neutrons. The present experiments, therefore, are performed with a geometrical arrangement that the paraffin block is kept as close as possible to the detector and the test sample, because this arrangement is found to be the most cxcellent.
Asbestine slabs and plywoods, ranging from 0.15 cm to 0.65 cm in thickness, are respectively used as inorganic and organic test samples, and experiments indicate that the curves of counting rate plotted against moisture content are almost linear with respect to those test samples. If an asbestine slab and a plywood is of the same thickness, the efficiency of moisture-detection in the asbestine slab is superior to that in the plywood.
The efficiency of moisture-detection increases as the paraffin increases in quantity and the same case occurs on the thickness of the test sample as it increases, but the quantity of paraffin to make the efficiency of moisture-detection the highest is saturated to a certain quantity which depends on the thickness and the substance of test sample, so even though paraffin increases in quantity beyond this saturated quantity the efficiency is kept unvariable.
That detectable minimum moisture content in the asbestine slab of 0.65 cm in thickness is 2.7% (0.019g/cm3), which is obtained from the experimental results with regard to the standard deviation of the counting rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Hiroshi HAMAGUCHI, Nagao IKEDA, Aiko IWASA1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 377-381
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thin-layer chromatographic method was investigated for the carrier-free separation of 90Sr and 90Y with the several kinds of adsorbents and developers. With the “Wakogel B-0” layer (the silicagel with no binder) , 90Sr is transferred farther than 90Y by developing with ethylalcohol-10% ammonium thiocyanate (5 vol: 3 vol) or ethylalcohol-7M lithium nitrate (1: 1) . With the “Wakogel B-5” layer (the silicagel with 5 % plaster of Paris), no separation of these nuclides was attained. With the Dowex 50 resin layer, 90Y is transferred farther with 5% ammonium citrate solution of pH 3.8. The method has the advantage that one can prepare carrier free 90Y in a simple way and in a short while.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Mariko KASHIWAGI, Jun AKAISHI1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 382-388
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper describes a simple determination procedure of 137Cs in a total diet (5-days sample) . Cesium carrier was added to the ashed sample. The sample was treated with hydrochloric acid. Calcium contained in the sample was separated as a carbonate precipitate. The filtrate was acidified with nitric acid. By adding phosphoric acid and ammonium molybdate to the solution, 137Cs was co-precipitated with phospho-ammonium molybdate. The amount of 137Cs in the precipitate was measured by 7-spectrometry. In the co-precipitation step, effects of factors such as temperature, amount of phosphoric acid and ammonium molybdate added, acidity of the solution, etc., were obseroed. Interference of potassium and ammonium was also measured. It was shown that potassium, ammonium, and phosphate contained in the diet do not interfere with the co-precipitation of 137Cs; contamination of the phospho-ammonium molybdate by co-existing 95Zr-95Nb and 106Ru-106Rh is small; and recovery of 137Cs by this procedure is nearly 100%.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Harukata BABA, Masaaki IIO, Kiyoshi WATANABE, Takashi KARASAWA, Akira ...1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 389-392
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe use of radioactive gases is one of the important method of lung function research. A short-lived radioactive isotope, oxygen-15, has been used for studying physiological lung function and the diagnosis in safety. It enables us to observe the way of local intake of oxygen in lung and its clearance by the blood.
A method of preparation and use of oxygen-15 has been reported by N. A. Dyson, et al. in which a continuous flow of air containing oxygen-15 is produced by the 14N (d, n) 15O reaction.
In the same way oxygen-15 has been prepared by using air and 20μA deflected beam of 3.4 MeV deuteron from the 26 in cyclotron of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Tokyo. Oxygen-15 thus obtained has high specific activity and contains sufficiently small amount of radioactive contaminants, so that it could satisfactorily be used for clinical purpose.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Akira OHNO, Toshiaki NOJIRI, Shuzo MARUYAMA, Yasuo NAKAJIMA1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 393-403
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the use of the continuous or sampling measurement methods, standard valve tappets and chromium plated top piston rings irradiated by neutrons in JRR-1, JRR-2 and Reactor of Rikkyo Univ, were investigated to determine wear.
The engine used in this study was of the four-cylinder, 1, 500 cc, water-cooled gasoline type. The lubricating oil was circulated through suitable pipe, counting cell, and then back to the oil pan. With scintillation counter, wear was determined by counting gamma rays from the wear debris in the oil pan lubricant.
After the measurements of no load operation in laboratory, the engine was mounted on the moving car, and the wear rate observed at test course and other roads. The valve tappet wear resulted was 1-4×10-5mg per 100 revolutions. But with this counting sensitivity, no differences were found in any running conditions. In the piston rings, the amount of wear both on the face (Cr) and on the side (Fe) could be measured, it appeared in the results that the running conditions had a influence on wear rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (2327K) -
T. MINAMI, T. MACHIDA, A. ISHIBASHI, M. MIKI1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 404-411
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is of course a very important matter to establish a standard pattern of normal renogram for each renographic equipment, before bringing it in clinical use, and it should be the same as that of the normal renogram taken with the other equipment.
The suitable tracing condition for each equipment can be determined when the normal renogram of which becomes equal to that of the standard pattern. The suitable tracing conditions for our equipment are: scintillator NaI (1 in φ×1 in), collimeter wide-fleld, resolving power of ratemeter less than 25 μs, range 1×104 cpm, time constant 10 sec, effective breadth of recording paper 18 cm, recording speed 10mm/min, test agent 131I-hippuran, dose 4μc/10 kg, and patient position upright.
We analyzed the renogram of 44 kindeys of 22 normal male and established a standard value of the each interpretating element. They are as following: A-time 30 sec, point-A 3, 000-5, 000 cpm, point-B 5, 000-8, 000 cpm, B-time 2 min 30 sec or less, point-B (cpm) /point-A (cpm) =1.5-1.7, and the half count time to point-B on segment-c 5 min or less.
After the study of numerous patients having normal, diseased or non functoinal kidney, we classified the renogram into the following four patterns:
pattern-N……normal,
pattern-M1……functioning but depressed,
pattern-M2……function depressed associated with obstructive uropathy,
pattern-L……highly destructed or non-functioning.
The pattern-M2 renogram suggests the presence of obstructive uropathy, but it is impossible to distinguish it functional or organic.
If the maximum count of the pattern-M2 renogram is equal to or more than that of the contralateral normal kidney, it suggests that the kidney function can be returned to almost normal level when its obstructive uropathy is removed. However, it should be noted that there are other pattern-M2 renograms with low kidney function.
The relationship between renogram and PSP test was studied on 80 patients with solitary kidney. The pattern-N reno gram is seen in most of the patients with 25%, or more 15 min PSP. When the 15 min PSP is between 10 and 25%, the pattern-M1 and M2 renogram is seen in grossly equal incidence, though some still reveals pattern-L or M2 renogram, though the former is occupying the greater part of them.
The relationship between RPF and segment b or point A was studied on 40 patients, and considerable correlation was noticed. We believe that the best way to know the renal function from renogram is to classify it to one of the above mentioned four patterns at first, and then measure the interpretating elements, compare them to the normal value, and to that of the contralateral kidney.
We discussed the renogram of two cases in this way and pointed out its clinical value.View full abstractDownload PDF (7249K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 412-414
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 415-417
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 418-421
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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[in Japanese]1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 422-426
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages 427-434
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2011
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1964Volume 13Issue 5 Pages A603-A80
Published: September 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6897K)
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