RADIOISOTOPES

Distance Measurement Based on Compton Scattering

Yoshiyuki SHIRAKAWA, Kiyomi HORIKOSHI, Hiro AMANO

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 605-612
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.605

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A distance measurement method to make use of Compton scattering of gamma-ray was proposed. This method treated two cases. Concretely, the case that density of a measured object was constant and the case that the density was changed were examined.
A source and a detector are set up at the same side of the object. When density is not varied, the amount of scattered gamma-ray is not depending on a distance. However, the number of gamma-rays detected becomes a function of distance. The function is in proportion to the solid angle to the detector from the efficient center of a scattering region. On the other hand, in the case that density is changed, the number of scattered gamma-rays is altered by density. Hence the number becomes a function of distance and density. Dual detectors are located at different positions and we make two equations on relation of detected gamma-rays, distance and density. Here if the count of gamma-rays detected is given, both distance and density can be calculated.
By using computer simulations and experiments, a performance of the method was evaluated. As a result, the precision of the distance measurement was ±3% within a range of 10-100 cm in constant density. In the case that the density is changed with a range 1.707-1.885 g/cm³, the accuracy of this method was ±1 mm within a range of 8-10 cm.

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The Reactivity of Anion-Exchange Resins by Applying OT-for-OH Exchange Reaction in the Equilibrium State

Naoki KANO, Makoto NIHEI, Hiroshi IMAIZUMI

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 613-618
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.613

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In order to reveal the behavior of hydroxyl group in isotope exchange reaction, OT-for-OH exchange reaction between each anion-exchange resin (OH^- form) and tritiated water (abbreviated as HTO water below) was observed at 80°C under the equilibrium. Anion-exchange resins used were Amberlite IRA-400, IRA-410 (both strongly basic), and IRA-94S (weakly basic) . It can be thought that an HTO molecule dissociates into H⁺+OT^- (or T⁺+OH^-) . The activity of each resin based on OT-for-OH exchange reaction was measured with a liquid scintillation counter.
From the above-mentioned, the following five were found. (1) Isotope exchange reaction as “atomic group” occurred between the OH group in each anion-exchange resin and the OT group in HTO water. (2) The reactivity of strongly basic anion-exchange resin is larger than that of weakly basic one. (3) The ratio of the reactivity of these resins can roughly be expressed as follows: (IRA-410) : (IRA-400) : (IRA-94S) =42: 7: 1. (4) The degree of OT-for-OH exchange reaction may be smaller than that of T-for-H exchange reaction. (5) The method used and results obtained in this work may be helpful to obtain the data for the prevention of T-contamination, especially to obtain the data from certain atomic groups including T.

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The Structure of Spatial Fluctuation in Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Dose Rate Levels Observed through One-Dimensional Surveys

Susumu MINATO

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 619-625
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.619

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Statistical analyses were performed for 50 sets of equal interval data of natural terrestrial gamma-ray dose rates observed for various distances. The multiple regression analysis shows that the variance of a set of data can be expressed as a function of the length and the mean value of the data with relatively high correlation coefficient. One-dimensional spectral analyses for the 50 sets of data suggest that the structures of fluctuation are similar to one another for various distances of observation starting from 0.1 km to about 7 000 km. Each power spectral density can be approximated in the form of P (k) =0.780×10^-3 m^2.20 k^-1.18 where k (cycle/km) and m (nGy/h) are the wave number and the mean, respectively.

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Safety Handling of ¹²⁵I in Animal Experiments

Toshiyuki NISHIMAKI, Yasuhiro SAKAI, Senichi FURUDATE

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 626-630
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.626

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Isotope ¹²⁵I in animal experiments is used for several purposes. One major problem with using ¹²⁵I is to handle it extremely carefully. The careful handling is required when using ¹²⁵I in animal experiments because of its higher evaporation and difficulty for sealing. When conducting animal experiments while using ¹²⁵I, we have encountered several serious problems but have devised new techniques and methods for a long time. In this paper, we will describe the safety handling for requirements based on our experiments. The newly devised safety handling procedures are the following : (1) a device for protecting isotope contamination during the preparation of the injectable solution, (2) collection method of airborne radioactivity from the animals that were injected, (3) enhancing the method for autoradiography of the whole body, (4) finding of elusion of ¹²⁵I from the tissues during fixative process, (5) estimation of the exposed time for light microscopic autoradiography.

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The Meaning of Natural Radiation Measurements in Radiation Protective Education

Tadashi MIURA, Sukehiko KOGA

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 631-639
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.631

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II. Basics for Neutron Beam Utilization. 2. Neutron Physics (Neutron Scattering)

Yasuhiko FUJII

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 640-645
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.640

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III. Neutron Sources. 1. Radioisotope Neutron

Isamu ISHIKAWA

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 646-651
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.646

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2. Accelerator Neutron

Yasuhiro MASUDA

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 652-655
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.652

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 657-658
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.657

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 659-660
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.659

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 661-662
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.661

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages 663-664
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.663

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Immunoassay

-Next Generation's Immunoassay and Hormones on Up To Date-

Immunoassay Research Society of Japan

1996Volume 45Issue 10 Pages i-xiv
Published: October 15, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.i

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