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Volume 15, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Takami KOYANAGI1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper under the title “Confidence Test of Radiation Counter by Statistical Method”, the result of the power curves of the confidence test calculated by means of the Patnaik's approximation was reported. But later on it was found that the probability density function of the non-central χ2 distribution can be represented by hyperbolic function in case that the degree of freedom is unity.
Namely, the probability density function is represented as follows,
y=1/2e-(γ+x)/2(x/2)n/2-1∞Σκ=0(γx/4)κ/k!Γ(n/2+κ)
where γ=non-centrality
n=degree of freedom
In this case n=1, and since Γ(1/2+κ)=(2k)!√π/22κk!
the equation becomes following:
y=1/2√πe-(γ+x)/2(x/2)-1/2cosh(√γx)
By means of this equation and by the aid of digital computer, the probability density curves and power curves of the confidence test are calculated and depicted.View full abstractDownload PDF (205K) -
Tadashi ITAKURA1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 4-13
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLong-lived nuclides of fission products could be preferentially removed by refined diatomaceous earth. Raw materials of Ishikawa Prefecture were first treated with an acid mixture of HCl and H2SO4 and then calcined at 500°C. These refined material are commercially employed as a filter-aid material of industrial use, but the authors found that the material behaves as a good adsorbent of radioactive nuclides in water.
In this investigation Cs-137, Sr-89, Sr-90, Y-91, Zr-95, Ce-144, Pm-147, Ru-103, Ru-106, as well as mixed fission products were used for the examination. Under various conditions of the amount of each nuclide, pH of the aqueous solution and presence or absence of other salts, the adsorptivity of the earth material was examined. The refined diatomaceous earth (100mg) were put into 50 ml of an aqueous solution containing a definite amount of radionuclide (less than 1×10-3μCi/ml) and shaken for three minutes. After centrifuging the mixture for five minutes, the radioactivity of the supernatant was measured. The difference of activities between the original solution and the supernatant showed the removed amount of nuclide and the percentage removal was calculated as their ratio. The nuclides treated may be classified in the following four groups from a point of the adsorptivity of the diatomaceous earth: (1) cationic Cs-137, Sr-89 and Sr-90: in the neutral solution, Cs-137 could be preferentially removed by the earth material more than 98%. 90% of Sr-89 or Sr-90 was removed when it was carrier free and 20% removed in the presence of other salts, but in alkaline medium the removal percentage was increased up to 99%, especially in the presence of iron (III) ion. (2) anionic Ru-103 and Ru-106: these were removed as much as 95% of them, when iron (III) ion was present. (3) hydrolytic Y-91, Zr-95, Ce-144 and Pm-147: these were removed well even when the pH of the solution was about 4-5. (4) the fission products: the solution including the above three group nuclides lost 99% of activity after treating with the diatomaceous earth in alkaline medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (2643K) -
Touichi OKADA, Motoji IKEYA, Tokuo SUITA, Keiji KAWAI1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 14-18
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA quantitative analysis of impurities in the alkali halide single crystal has been carried out using the neutron activation analysis both for the nominal pure and doped crystals. Barium and manganese ion impurities could be determined up to 2.3×10-4 and 1.5×10-5 mol percent in KCl crystals, and 9.6×10-4 and 3.9×10-5 mol percent in NaCl crystals with chemical separation, and 4.6×10-2 mol percent in NaCl crystals with nondestructive analysis. The results of analysis show that the impurity content varies with a position of a single crystal obtained by Kyropoulos method and is less than amount of impurity added to the melt. The distribution of the impurities in the zone refined ingot was also determined.
The results were used to investigate impurity effect on the hardening and the colora-tion phenomena.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Masamichi IKEDA, Takako YANAGI, Yoshiharu SHINOZAKI1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 19-22
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study has been made in order to establish the measurement of the leakage tritium from the tritium self luminous paints made in England, U.S.A., Germany and Japan. The amount of tritium contained in a painted sample was about 25mCi, the amount which is necessary for a clock or an alarm clock to get enough luminosity, and the measurement of the leakage tritium were made by the flow method using a gas flow counter.
The results obtained show that the amount of the leakage tritium depends only upon the initial amount of tritium applied, neither upon the kind of paints nor upon the specific activities of the tritium in paints.
The security of the commercial tritium self luminous paints has been examined in connection with the maximum permissible amount of tritium.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Measurement of the Leaching Rate of DDT by 14C Tracer TechniqueTakeshi SAWAI, Takako YANAGI, Masamichi IKEDA, Yoshiharu SHINOZAKI, Gi ...1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe DDT leaching rate was measured by 14C-tracer technique after various times of soaking in the running sea and city water both at the flow rate of 500 ml/min. As a paint, vinyl ship bottom paint No. 2 containing 20% DDT labelled with 14C (specific activity 50μCi/g) was used. The leaching rate decreases rapidly with aging in the sea water and reaches a constant value of 0.45μg DDT/cm2⋅day after about two months. Similar result obtained as to the city water. The weight of paint decreases with increasing soaking time and the rate is fast at the beginning. The percentage of DDT in the leached part of the paint is found to be less than 10%, about one third of the initial composition. The microscopic feature of the paint surface after the aging for 180 days in the sea water differs from that in the city water. In the sea water, it looks spongy and in the other case, it looks rough but not spongy. It is proved that the leaching rate of DDT in the ship bottom paint can be determined by 14C-tracer technique accompanied withi extraction method.View full abstractDownload PDF (2166K) -
A Density Operational Amplifier and its Application to γ-Ray Density Gage for Inspection of Fuel RodYoshiyasu SATOMI1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the transmission type γ-ray density gage, density of material can be determined by measuring the intensity of radiation transmitted through the material. However, the intensity of radiation is exponential function of density, so that it is necessary for obtaining the information of density from the result of measurement to make the complicated corrections. Therefore, the density operational amplifier of γ-ray density gage has been satisfactorily invented by the author.
This amplifier can be compute the density from the intensity of radiation transmitted through the material so that its output directly shows the computed value of density by introducing the value of the mass absorption coefficient and the thickness of the sample. Its circuit is a type of analog operational circuit which utilizes a log-diode to the computing element, and which gives excellent accuracy with a simple circuit.
In the operation of the γ-ray density gage for inspection of fuel rod utilizing the above amplifier, evaluation and analysis of the result were considerably improved and the measuring range was much expanded in addition to the features of non-destruction, simplicity and speediness.
The author describes in this paper the principle and the characteristics of the density operational amplifier and the system of the γ-ray density gage for inspection of fuel rod with the above amplifier.View full abstractDownload PDF (5290K) -
Akira OHNO, Toshiaki NOJIRI1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of lead screens for γ-ray radiography are the intensified action by the secondary electrons and the shielded one in the low energy scattering of γ-rays by surrounding materials. In this paper, the intensification of front lead screens with several thickness for the 60Co, 137Cs, and 192Ir γ-ray radiography without specimen are studied by means of experiments and calculations. The exposure dose to get 1.75 photographic density for Sakura X-ray film Industrial type N are determined by experiments for several thick foils of lead with standard developing method. Angular distributions of photoelectric electrons and Compton electrons by interaction of γ-ray photons with lead atoms are calculated. For photographic emulsion itself, the calculations are done on the assumption that the content of AgBr in the emulsion is 50 weight %, the density is 2.0g/cm3, and the thickness is 20μ. Some of these secondary electrons are absorbed in film emulsion and the blackening due to γ-rays are proportional to the energy loss under the electron ionization in the emulsion. In the estimations, it is important how much electron beams are absorbed in the lead foil and the film emulsion. Agreement with experiments and calculations are sufficient except the part of thin layer of lead screens for 60Co in the reduction of intensification. It is recognized by experiment and calculation that its part is intensified by the secondary electrons of plastic plate of cassette for light tight and the lead screens behave like absorber. By the calculated results, the maximum intensification factors of front lead screens are about 2.5 for 660Co γ-ray source with 0.3mm thick lead screen, 2.3 for 137Cs source with 0.1 mm screen, and 3.3 for 192Ir source with 0.07mm screen.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Osamu TANAKA, Sanju HIRO, Hiroshi IKEDA1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 40-46
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA flux-forced field-biased-betatron differs from the conventional type in a point of having two magnetic circuits termed flux forcing. An increase in the acceleration energy by almost a factor of two can be obtained by adding a DC magnetic field to the orbit field. Therefore it possesses feature of permitting the increase of energy in a high degree for its size. However, phase shift between the central flux and the orbital field places a limitation to the bias angle and the X-ray output has been obtained only up to a bias angle of 45°.
Nevertheless, from “self expansion” phenomena due to the phase shift and continuous variation of the stable orbit radius peculiar to the betatron, information of interest about the electronic orbits of the betatron has been made available. Characteristics of the X-ray output as a function of DC bias are complicated.
As a typical application of it, the technique of radiography has been developed with the high energy X-ray generated by the betatron and its use has been extended to the detection of faults by radiographic operation on heavy metal objects.View full abstractDownload PDF (4464K) -
Mareichi TOYOHARA, Akiyo SHIGEMATSU, Hirokazu INAGAKI, Bunzo NOMIYA, K ...1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnti-tuberculous activity of γ-iodopropargyl-ο-tolyl-ether (M-1189) that was synthesized recently was studied by the experiments in vitro and in vivo, and after that the degradation process in vivo of this compound was observed by use of γ-iodopropargyl-β, γ-14C-ο-tolyl-3H-ether.
The experimental results are followed.
(1) M-1189 inhibits the growth of tubercle bacilli partially by the concentration of 2 mcg/ml and completely by 8 mcg/ml in the Kirchner serum media.
(2) The therapeutic effect for the experimental tuberculosis of mice was proved by the oral administration of one milligram every day per one mouse for three weeks, but the effect was rather inferior to that of 1314 TH, a secondary anti-tuberculous drug. The delayed toxicity was found by the continuous administration of M-1189. Therefore it is now difficult to employ clinically this compound as an antituberculous drug for the human tuberculosis.
(3) In order to know the degradation process of M-1189 in internal organs after oral administration, 0.5 ml of emulsion containing 4 mg of γ-iodopropargyl-β, γ-14C-ο-tolyl-3H-ether (M1189*) was given orally to each mouse, Not only radioactivity of 3H in blood of each mouse was detected at a certain time after administration, but also that of 3H or 14C in each organ of mice was detected.
Radioactivity of the propargyl portion of M-1189* arrived at a maximum in organs (spleen, liver, lung, stomach, intestine and kidney) after 3-6 hours of administration, and then decreased exponentially.
On the other hand radioactivity of the ο-tolyl portion of M-1189* also arrived at a maximum in organs at the same time with the propargyl portion and once decreased, but again increased after 72-96 hours.
These facts suggest that biological activity of M-1189* will be kept in the organs during 3-6 hours after the oral administration but decay after that because of degradation and the delayed toxicity is demonstrated owing to the accumulation of the ο-tolyl portion.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 53-54
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (178K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 55-57
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 58-60
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (226K) -
P.S. Savitsky, S.I. Savosin, A.S. Shtan', V.A. Yanushkovsky1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (901K) -
1966 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages A541-A208
Published: January 15, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5147K)
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