RADIOISOTOPES

Synthesis of Tritium-Labelled Chlorobiphenyls for the Use of Tracer Experiments

Shiro IKEGAMI, Kiyohiko KAWAMOTO, Yosihiko KASIDA, Sanya AKABOSHI, Kaz ...

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 65-71
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_65

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Tritiated Kanechlol 400 was synthesized for the use of tracer experiments in the following procedure. 2- and 3-Bromobiphenyls were catalytically debrominated with tritium gas to give the corresponding tritiated biphenyls. 4-Tritiated biphenyl was obtained by decomposing Grignard reagent with tritium oxide. Three isomers of tritiated biphenyl were chlorinated using chlorine gas in the presence of ferric chloride in neat to provide Kanechlol 400-³H in good yields, of which radiochemical purity was characterized on radio gas chromato graphical analysis.

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Fundamental Studies on Radiation Thickness Gauge (V)

Gauging and Control of Thickness of Moving Plate

Takami KOYANAGI

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 72-77
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_72

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In case of thickness measurements of moving plate by radiation thickness gauge, the response of it is varied by the spatial frequency of irregurality of thickness v (rad/cm), and the moving speed of plate v (cm/sec) . One of the reason is that the area and shape of cross-section of the radiation-flow acts as a kind of spatial low pass filter.
This characteristic can be described by spatial transfer function or response function. The Bode-diagrams are given here with rectangular and circular cross-section. In these diagrams the gains come to zero periodically and the phases reverse at these points. Such a character is observed in many optical transfer functions, but cannot be seen in common control systems.
The “dead time”, such as the traveling time of rolled material between roll and thickness gauge in rolling mills, is in inverse proportion to the moving speed, but in the spatial domain the time is transformed into “dead distance”. It is the distance between the roll and thickness gauge itself, and has no relation to the speed of plate.
The response function of normal electrical or mechanical elements can be obtained from their transfer function simply by replacing the Laplace operator s with jvv.
The analysis and synthesis of the control systems consists of such elements can be easier to make in spatial domain than in time domain. Several exercises of synthesis are made here. The results point out that the “dead distance” always exists and fairly affects stability of control system.

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Accumulation and Excretion of ¹³¹I-Tagged Cholecystographic Contrast Medium for Intravenous Use

Kunihiro KIYONO, Toshio KASUGA, Toshio KOBAYASHI

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 78-82
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_78

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For the purpose of studying the vicarious excretion of X-ray contrast agents isotopic experiments on the accumulation and excretion of Cholecystographic contrast medium were performed using radioactive ¹³¹I-meglumine iodipamide (¹³¹I-iodipamide) . Concentrated accumulation of ¹³¹I-iodipamide was occurred within 10 minutes of the intraperitoneal injection principally by the liver and was rapidly eliminated from the organs or body of the mouse within four hours. The urinary and fecal excretion of iodipamide was 7.7 and 92.2 per cent of injected dose. Maximal accumulation within the liver, kidney, and small bowel was 13, 6, 0.5 and 8, 6 per cent of total given dose at 30 minutes after injection respectively. Very little accumulations by the other organs including thyroid gland were revealed.
Scintigram at ten minutes after intravenous injection of 400μCi ¹³¹I-iodipamide in man showed rich uptake of contrast medium by the liver and followed by accumulation, excretion and contraction within the gallbladder and distribution in small and large bowel. This investigation suggested a possibility that scintigraphy with ¹³¹I-iodipamide may be a handy method for examination of gallbladder function.

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The Whole Body Autoradiographic Studies on the Distribution of Radioisotopes (XXVI)

The Distribution of ³H-Tetracycline in Staphylococci Infection Mice, with Special Reference to the Whole Body Autobacteriogram

Mari SAKUMA, Minezo OTSUKA, Yoshishige SATO

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 83-89
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_83

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The comparative studies were performed on the distribution of ³H-tetracycline and microbes in mice infected with Staphylococci, by means of whole body autoradiography and whole body autobacteriography. Mice were infected with Smith-diffuse strain of Staphylococcus aureus by intraperitoneal route, of 3.0×10² viable cells in a mucin suspension or of 2.2×10⁷ viable cells in a saline suspension.³H-tetracycline was injected intravenously in these animals within to minutes after the infection. Whole body sections of 40μ in thickness were obtained in sterile condition with a cold microtome at various time intervals after the injection, and were used for autoradiography and autobacteriography.
The autoradio grams demonstrated that ³H-tetracycline was rapidly and remarkably distributed in almostly all tissues and organs except the central nervous system. However, there was definite difference between mice infected with and without mucin, regarding as the distribution of the radioactivity in the abdominal cavity and spleen. In the former case, relatively high radioactivity was noted in the abdominal cavity and in the perifollieular zone, socalled envelopes. On the other hand, the faint amount of radioactivity was observed in such same sites in the latter case.
It was also demonstrated by autobacterio grams that the numbers of viable cells in various tissues and organs of ³H-tetracycline treated mice were remarkably decreased in comparison with those of untreated mice. There was quite difference of the distribution and elimination of the microbes in the body between mice infected with and without mucin.

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Analytical Measurement for a T-¹⁴C Mixed Sample

Hiroaki ISHIKAWA, Makoto TAKIUE

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 90-92
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_90

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Computer Analysis of Gammal-Ray Spectra

Hiroshi TOMINAGA

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 93-101
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_93

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Radiation Measuring Instruments (II)

γ-Ray Spectrometers (1) Heads of Semiconductor Detectors

Naoshi MUTSURO

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 102-109
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_102

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ERRATUM

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 110
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_110

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[title in Japanese]

1971 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages A1123-A676
Published: February 15, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.20.2_A1123

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