RADIOISOTOPES

Simplification of γ-Ray Spectral Data by Using Fourier Transform

Shoji TOMINAGA, Shojiro NAGATA, Yoshinobu NAYATANI, Isamu UEDA, Satosh ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 835-840
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_835

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A method is proposed to represent γ-ray response spectra by Fourier series for the purpose of compressing spectral data. The usefulness of the method was confirmed by applying it to a spectral library of a NaI detector. In the method, a response spectrum as a wave is described by superposition of sine (cosine) waves with low frequencies, whose coefficient parameters can be obtained by a Fast Fourier Transform program. The relation between the number of parameters and the fitting error is discussed, and as the result, it is shown that the number of parameters can be reduced to about a half. The merits and features are presented in practical application of the method to the analysis of γ-ray spectra.

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Analysis of γ-Ray Spectra by Using Fast Fourier Transform

Shoji TOMINAGA, Shojiro NAGATA, Yoshinobu NAYATANI, Isamu UEDA, Satosh ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 841-845
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_841

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In order to simplify the mass data processing in a response matrix method for γ-ray spectral analysis, a method using a Fast Fourier Transform devised. The validity of the method was confirmed by a computer simulation for spectra of a NaI detector. The method uses the fact that spectral data can be represented by Fourier series with reduced number of terms. The estimation of intensities of γ-ray components is performed by a matrix operation using the compressed data of an observation spectrum and standard spectra in Fourier coefficients. The identification of γ-ray energies is also easy. Several features in the method and a general problem to be solved in a response matrix method are described.

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Effects of Several Compounds on the Chromium Uptake from Surrounding Medium by HeLa Cells

Yoshinori FURUKAWA, Nobuyuki SUSA

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 846-851
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_846

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Radiochromium uptake from surrounding by HeLa cells was examined, the results were as follows:
1) The chromium uptake by the cells after a certain period of incubation in Ca-Mg free phosphate buffered solution (PBS) with radiosodiumchromate (Na₂⁵¹CrO₄) was higher than that in serum free Eagle's minimum essential medium with the same concentration of the radioehromate.
2) When the various amount of L-ascorbic acid was added to the above rabiochromate containing PBS, the chromium uptake by the cells decreased with dependence on the concentration of the acid in the surrounding medium. However, when sodiumthiosulfate was added to the medium, no remarkable effect was found.
3) When cells were incubated in the radiochromic chloride (⁵¹CrCl₃) containining medium with 6.5μg/ml of sodium oxalate, sodium acetate or sodium nitrate, the chromium uptake by the cells increased in comparison with the control.
Above results suggested that the chromium uptake by the HeLa cells from surrounding medium was affected by several chemicals and the uptake or binding capacity of chromium was closely related to the reported cytotoxicity of the chromium compounds.

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Bone Marrow Scintigraphy with ¹¹¹In-chloride

—A clinical study for systemic hematopoietic disorders—

Masayasu KAN, Tatsuya MIYAMAE

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 852-857
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_852

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¹¹¹In-chloride as a useful bone marrow-scanning agent has been used for various hematological diseases. We also have studied the distribution of indium-111 by scintigraphy in 28 patients with systemic hematopoietic disorders and other : 4 with aplastic anemia, 8 with leucemia, 3 with iron-deficiency anemia, one with pernicious anemia, 2 with myelofibrosis, 3 with multiple myeloma, one with malignant lymphoma, 3 with liver cirrhosis or Banti-syndrome and 3 with seminoma received post operative irradiation.
The results of scintigraphy (the image of bone marrow, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine) were compared with bone marrow biopsies, ferrokinetic data and Se.I./TIBC. The bone marrow image was interpreted on a three-point scale: normal distribution of activity (+), abnormal distribution (±), body back ground level (-) .
In the cases of iron-deficiency anemia and pernicious anemia with hyperplastic erythroid marrow, regardless of its severe anemia, the scintigrams showed clearly delineated bone marrow images and normal organ distribution of indium. On the other hand, the scan images revealed severe suppressions of bone marrow activity and markedly increased renal activity in some cases of aplastic anemia, acute leucemia and malignant lymphoma with hypoplastic and/or tumour-cell in filtrative marrows.
Thus, it may be said that the bone marrow uptake of indium-111 correlates well with the degree of erythroid elements, no correlation with nucleated cell counts, and there is a strong tendency to increased renal activity in the cases o f markedly decreased erythropoietic cell counts.
The metabolism of injected ionic indium, however, are not identical with that of iron in several respects (plasma disappearance time T1/2, red cell utilization rate, etc.), and it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively the degree of erythropoietic function with ¹¹¹In-chloride. Therefore, the bone marrow scintigraphy with ¹¹¹In-chloride is a useful means, but it should be used qualitatively to detect the anatomical distribution of active bone marrow in terms of assessing erythroid elements.

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In vivo X-ray Fluorescent Analysis of lodine Concentration in the Thyroid

Keiko IMAMURA, Yasuhito SASAKI, Teruyuki UJI, Kazuhiko SOMEYA, Masamic ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 858-863
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_858

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A simple apparatus was made for the X-ray fluorescent anlaysis of iodine concentration of the thyroid. The apparatus consists of ²⁴¹Am γ-ray source of 300mCi and pure Ge detector of 50mm²×5mm. Diverging collimator was designed to achieve a full view of the thyroid. The detectable concentration was 0.2mg iodine/g tissue assuming the coefficient of variance of 30% and the counting time of 5 minutes. Measurement was performed for autopsied 10 thyroids and the results were in good correlation with those by neutron activation analysis (r=0.93) . Iodine concentration ranged 0.3-1.2mg/g (mean 0.6mg/g) and compared well with the data in literatures. This technique is useful for the in vivo measurement of thyroidal iodine content in patients.

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Adrenal Scintigraphy Using ¹³¹I-Adosterol

—As to the Usefulness of Dexamethasone Suppression Scintigraphy—

Masao FUKUNAGA, Shigeharu DOKOH, Itsuo YAMAMOTO, Rikushi MORITA, Kanji ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 864-868
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_864

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¹³¹I-Adosterol (6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5 (10) -3β-o1) was administered to evaluate adrenal grand in 20 patients including 9 patients with primary aldosteronism, 5 with Cushing's syndrome, one with pheochromocytoma, one with retroperitoneal tumor, 3 with essential hypertension and one with obesity.
Standard scintigraphies were performed at 3rd day and again 6th day after administration of ¹³¹I-adosterol (1-1.5mCi) . Suppression scintigraphies were obtained while the patients were taking dexamethasone 2 to 3mg daily from 3 days prior to injection of the tracer until adrenal imaging.
In the cases with essential hypertension and obesity, both adrenal glands were delineated equally by standard scintigraphy, and in one patient, undergone suppression scintigraphy, the uptake of ¹³¹I-adosterol by both glands were completely inhibited by dexamethasone administration.
In primary aldosteronism, six of the 9 patients demonstrated the increased radioactivity in one side, and were diagnosed as aldosteronoma. In 3 cases, failed to show the lesions on standard scintigraphy, the lesions could be detected by suppression scintigraphy, and aldosteronomas measuring 1×1×0.7, 2×2×1 and 1.7×1.5×0.8cm were confirmed by operation.
In Cushing's syndrome, standard scintigraphy could easily distinguish between adenoma (one case) and bilateral hyperplasia (4 cases) . Adrenal scintigraphy was also a useful method in order to assess the effect of pituitary irradiation therapy in the case of hyperplasia.
In pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal tumor, the side of the lesion was identified by the absence of a functioning gland.
Adrenal scintigraphy using ¹³¹I-adosterol was a useful technique in differentiating adenoma from bilateral hyperplasia, in determining the laterality of the tumor and in evaluating radiation therapy. Suppression scintigraphy was particularly useful in detecting the localization of the small tumor in primary aldosteronism.

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Measurement of α Particle Energy with Cellulose Nitrate

Mitsuhisa TAMURA

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 869-871
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_869

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Coincidence Positron Imaging of the Liver and Heart following Rectal Administration of ¹³N-ammonia in Liver Cirrhosis

Nobuo FUKUDA, Yukio TATENO, Tomoyuki RIKITAKE, Toru MATSUMOTO, Takehir ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 872-875
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_872

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¹³N-Head Activity following Rectal Administration of ¹³N-ammonia as a Porta-systemic Shunt Index

Nobuo FUKUDA, Yukio TATENO, Tomoyuki RIKITAKE, Nobuko SAWARA, Mitsuhir ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 876-877
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_876

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Calculation of the Magnitude Response of the 2-dimensional Smoothing

—Calculating the 2-dimensional Smoothing in the DAP 5000 System—

Michimasa MATSUO, Shoji NISHIYAMA, [in Japanese]

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 878-880
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_878

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Basic and Clinical Evaluation of ^99mTc-Red Blood Cell Kit (CIS)

Kyoichi UENO, Kinichi HISADA

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 881-884
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_881

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Clinical Study of Skeletal Scan Using ^99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate

Tsuneo SASAKI, Akiko OHNO, Kazuhito MATSUBARA, Hideo KOBAYASHI, Shinic ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 885-887
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_885

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Determination of Vitamin B₁₂ Levels in Blood by Radioassay

Keisuke KANAO, Shizumori ISHIHARA, Masami KIMURA, Toshihiko MIYAUCHI, ...

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 888-890
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_888

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Fate of Deuterium Labelled Amino Acid in the Scutellum of Corn Seeds during Germination

Kisaburo SAMUKAWA, Norimi AKIMORI

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 891-894
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_891

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Publication of ICRP Recommendation 26

Shinji TAKAHASHI

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 895-897
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_895

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Experimental Consideration about Focused Collimators of 3-in. and 5-in. in Diameter

Kenji SAEGUSA, Noboru ARIMIZU

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages 898-901
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_898

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[title in Japanese]

1977Volume 26Issue 12 Pages A1779-A1324
Published: December 15, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.26.12_A1779

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