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Volume 35, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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TORU TAKAGISHI1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages P183-P189
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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AKIRA ISHITANI1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages P190-P197
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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UNITIKA LTD1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages P198-P202
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Saburo Baba, Yuzo Yamamoto, Yasushi Saito, Shigetake Kinoshita1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T275-T279
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the hot compression ratio (CR), the polyethylene (PE) single-crystal mats are known to have the fine structures1); the intra-lamellar slip or chain tilting type for the lower stage of CR, and the fiber texture type for the higher stage of CR. In this study, we observed with a micrometer the changes in the external dimensions, length l, width w and thickness d, of hot-pressed PE mats upon annealing in free-length at temperatures between 100°C and 130°C. A coefficient of shrinkage is defined by Sx=Δx/x, where x denotes l, w or d.
Results were interpreted in terms of the structural changes during the annealing, which has been discussed in a previous paper2):
(1) Sl for the mats compressed with low CR shows a maximum annealing temperature at Ta=120°C, this has been ascribed to the rotation of lamellar fragments vertically to the direction of deformation axis. While for the mats compressed with high CR, Sl increased monotonically with increasing Ta up to 130°C.
(2) The value of Sd reaches a maximum at Ta=110°C and 120°C for the low CR and the high CR mats, respectively. Above these temperatures Sd decreases as a result of the lamellar thickening and the growth of crystallite size.
(3) With increasing Ta, the values of Sw are influenced by the increase in the degree of (100) planar orientation, hence the value becomes negative.
(4) The bulk contruction Sv=Sl+Sd+Sw has a maximum value at Ta=110-120°C, whereas Sv for the low CR mats is larger than that of the high CR ones. The decrease in Sv above 120°C is brought on by the fact that the expanded unit cell dimensions decrease to their original sizes during the annealing at elevated temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Takashi Komori, Kunio Makishima1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T280-T282
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is shown that the total fiber length in anisotropic fiber assemblies can be determined by stereological procedures. The main result obtained is the equation:
where Λ is the total fiber length per unit volume of the assembly and v(_??_, Φ) is the number of crossings of the fibers and a secant plane of unit area whose normal is in the direction of (_??_, Φ).
It is also shown that the reduced forms of the equation into two special assemblies are identical to the corresponding equations previously proposed by Saltykov.View full abstractDownload PDF (168K) -
Namiko Miyata, Isao Sakata1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T283-T288
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to prepare high-molecular weight (abbreviated as hmw in the text) cationic polymer available as flocculant, both cationic 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM) and nonionic acrylamide (AM) were graft copolymerized onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The graft copolymers were then purified by means of fractional precipitation. The flocculating action of HEC-DM-AM graft copolymers was examined in comparison with that of HEC-DM graft copolymers reported in the previous paper1) It was found that: 1) the sedimentation with HEC-DM-AM was faster than that with HEC-DM; 2) in the case of hmw HEC-DM-AM, the larger a molar percentage of AM was, the faster the sedimentation was, though the transmittance was scarcely affected by the DM/AM ratio; 3) the flocculating action of HEC-DM-AM was superior to that of HEC-DM or commercial cationic polymer flocculants, and the suspensions did not tend to redisperse easily at their large dosage, which was distinct from the case of other cationic polymer flocculants. These results lead to the conclusion that effective hmw cationic flocculants can be prepared by means of the graft copolymerization of both DM (10-20 mole-% in the grafted branch) and AM onto HEC.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
Katsumi Hata, Yoko Sadamoto, Murao Sogo, Toru Yamasaki, Makoto Usuda1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T289-T295
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrude second linter and hull linter (cf. Table 1) were purified by the oxygen•alkali method and the ordinary soda method (cf. Table 2).
The linter oxygen•alkali pulp (OAP) was higher in yield, lower in Kappa no., and much higher in brightness than the linter soda pulp (AP). The polymerization degree of OAP was also somewhat higher than that of AP. COD of waste liquor of OAP was less than that of AP (cf. Table 3).
Bleaching of OAP was much easier than that of AP (cf. Fig. 1 and Table 4). PC no. of the bleached OAP (BOAP) was less than that of the bleached AP (BAP) (cf. Table 5). For both BOAP and BAP, d-cellulose content was over 99% and copper no. was below 0.3 (cf. Table 5).
IR absorption spectrum of unbleached OAP (UOAP) was similar to that of unbleached AP (UAP) and also to that of BOAP and BAP (cf. Fig. 2). The lateral order distribution curves showed that AP seemed to have somewhat larger fraction of high-ordered portion than OAP (cf. Fig. 3). X-ray diffractogram of OAP was similar to that of AP. However, the peak intensities in the diffractograms of BOAP and BAP were somewhat lower than those in the diffractogram of UOAP and UAP, respectively, indicating that the crystalline degree of UOAP and UAP was slightly decreased by the bleaching process (cf. Fig. 4 and 5). Specific surface area determined by the N2-adsorption method was 73.7m2/g for second UOAP and 73.1m2 /g for second UAP (Table 6). The polymerization degree distribution of BOAP was wider than that of BAP (Fig. 6 and 7). Scanning electron micrographs of the linter pulps (cf. Fig. 8_??_10) showed that there are no marked difference in morphological properties between OAP and AP.
These results revealed that oxygen-alkali pulping is superior to the ordinary soda pulping in view of economical and environmental point.View full abstractDownload PDF (1324K) -
Hiromasa Suzuki, Yoshishige Tanaka, Yoshiji Ishii1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T296-T302
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn effect of polymers having certain ultraviolet absorption groups on the photofading rate of methylene blue has been studied in the solution.
Polymer E was prepared by benzoylation of styrene-p-hydroxystyrene copolymer. Polymer K or polymer having o-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) in the polymer side-chain was prepared by the Photo-Fries rearrangement of polymer E. Polymer K•1 contains a large fraction of styrene (St) unit and small fractions of HBP and phenyl benzoate (PB) unit, while polymer K•2 contains a small fraction of St unit and a large fractions of HBP and PB unit.
Methylene blue in dioxane-ethanol solution containing the above polymers, HBP and PB was exposed to Xenon-arc lamp, respectively and the photofading rate of the dye was calculated from the changes in the visible absorption spectra of the solutions.
The results obtained are summarized as follows.
(1) The polymer having HBP group acted as a retarder on the photofading rate of the dye more effectively than HBP. Polymer E decreased the photofading rate slightly.
(2) Highly modified polymer, K•2 was found to be most effective in retarding the photofading of the dye. In contrast, slightly modified polymer, K•1 showed an acceleration of the photofading. This acceleration was also observed in the case of polystyrene added to the dye solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Masako Maekawa, Mamoru Nango, Akira Katayama, Nobuhiko Kuroki1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T303-T306
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, we have studied the dyeing of cotton by Chrysophenine G (C. I. Direct Yellow 12) in aqueous sodium alginate solution and have inferred by the membrane equilibrium theory that the dye has been concentrated into the internal solution of cotton due to the presence of sodium alginate in the bulk solution, In this report, dyeing of cellophane by Chrysophenine G in aqueous sodium alginate solution has been studied. The effects of the carboxyl group in the cellulose and sodium alginate in the solution on the absorption equilibrium of dye has been reexamined, using the previously described model for this dyeing system. Using the interpolated ionization value of the carboxyl group contained in cellophane for the calculations, the dye affinity values which were nearly constant among various samples were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
Masao Uruma, Mio Tominomori1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T307-T311
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTexture of textile fabric is one of the most important factors in making and wearing apparel. Generally, the texture has been evaluated on a single layer textile fabric by the methods of sensory test. However, such evaluation has scarcely been made on textile composite fabric and its component fabric.
In this paper, relations between sensory values for texture and mechanical properties (bending resistance) of a textile composite fabric, the constituting of face textile fabric and fusible interlining were investigated experimentally and statistically. Two different face textile fabrics have been fused together with over ten fusible interlinings composed of various base textile fabrics and adhesives variously distributed.
The correlations between sensory and mechanical values of fusible interlining for face textile fabric could not be made clear and those between sensory and mechanical values of textile composite fabric could be made clear; the sensory rank was correlated by rank in bending stiffness of textile composite fabric.View full abstractDownload PDF (1100K) -
Masao Uruma, Mio Tominomori1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T312-T314
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships between the tensile properties of textile composite fabric and those of the constituting face fabrics and fusible interlinings have been studied experimentally and statistically, Two different face fabrice (Woven, Knitted) have been fused together with a number of fusible interlinings composed of different base cloths (Woven, Knitted, Nonwoven), adhesives with various distribution.
It is shown that tensile strength of a textile composite cashmere fabric can be predicted from the corresponding properties of the constituent components of such a textile fabric by the linear regression analysis of tensile and elongation values obtained for respective materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (189K) -
Waichiro Tsuji, Fusayo Ikeda, Satomi Hasegawa, Tokie Nakao1979 Volume 35 Issue 7 Pages T315-T319
Published: July 10, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProperties of cotton fabrics grafted with acrylic acid in 6-16% were examined and compared with carboxymethylated cotton fabrics previously studied. In the case of the grafting by electron beam irradiation, the decrease in the tensile strength of the warp yarns of the grafted fabrics was slight. Moisture regain was somewhat increased by the acrylic acid grafting, although not so much as carboxymethylation. Dyeability for basic and cationic dyes was remarkably increased by acrylic acid grafting. The light fastness of some basic dyes and a cationic dye, Sumiacryl Red F-GTL on the grafted cotton was good, but that of a cationic dye, Estrol Brilliant Blue N-3RL was poor. Discoloration in laundering was severe in any case. Dyeability for direct and reactive dyes were lower than the untreated cotton fabric. These dyeing characteristics of the acrylic acid grafted cotton fabrics were similar to the carboxymethylated cotton. But in the case of artificial soiling using carbon black dispersion, soiling was higher and soil removal was lower than the untreated cotton fabric, dissimilar to the carboxymethylated cotton.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K)
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