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Volume 41, Issue 10
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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KUNIO NAKAMURA, TATSUKO HATAKEYAMA1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages P369-P378
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (764K) -
TADASHI URAGAMI1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages P379-P387
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TOSHIHIRO HIROTSU1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages P388-P393
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Toshitaka Kanai1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T409-T417
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe melt behavior of T-die extrusion between the die exit and the chill roll was predicted by using theoretical equations and numerical analysis under various process conditions.
As a result of the theoretical analysis, the take-up stress increased in a linear manner with viscosity, and the activation energy affected the velocity profile and take-up stress. The resins, of which the viscosity decreases with increasing elongational rate were deformed near the roll.
By use of dimensionless analysis, we found a scale-up rule that may set conditions which make the stress constant.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
Toru Shimizu, Kazufumi Shimizu, Yasuhisa Adachi, Teruo Hori1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T418-T423
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe standard heat of sorption of dye on polymer can be estimated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium dye sorption by means of vapor phase dyeing. However, for the cases that the significantly large amounts of dye are sorbed on the polymer, the accurate estimation can not be done, because the high sorption causes the irreversible structure change in polymer.
In this study, the “p-NA accessibility” was defined to know the extent of such irreversible structure change caused for the system of disperse dye - PET film. It was found that the PET films dyed below 85°C from the vapor phase had the same (constant) p-NA accessibility because of small amounts of dye sorption, while above 90°C p-NA accessibility increased with increasing the amount of dye sorption. It could be recognized that the p-NA accessibility was closely related to the polymer density, the intensity of small angle scattering of X-ray and so on, which could be also represented the structure change of polymer.
Furthermore, it was shown that the heat of sorption corrected with p-NA accessibility were agreed with those obtained for the regions, in which no structure change occurred.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Yasushi Saito, Nobuko Nakajima, Yuzo Yamamoto, Shigetake Kinoshita1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T424-T431
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStructural changes during thermal shrinkage of the collagen fibers from the rat tail tendon were investigated mainly by small-angle X-ray diffractions, and a series of plausible models were presented to demonstrate the structure changes of the tropocollagen levels in the collagen fibers, shrunken thermally or drawn mechanically. Using the Patterson functions for the cylindrically symmetric system on the collagen fibers, the structural changes in the microfibrils repeating units, consisting of alternating gap and overlap regions, were investigated and compared with the macroscopical dimensional changes. When thermally shrunken above 200°C, the lengths of the gap regions were shrunken at a higher rate than the total lengths of the repeating units to result in the drastic shortening of the macroscopically dimensional changes, and the collagen molecules tended to distort their orientations from the roughly parallel to the fiber axis.
The density of the cross-linkage was quantitatively estimated from the measurements of the equilibrium stress-elongation relationship of the swollen specimen in the unique solvent (the equivolume mixture of 8.0 M LiBr/HO(CH2CH2O)2CH3). The important roles of the cross-linkage on the mechanisms of thermal shrinkage and mechanical elongation of the collagen fibers should be emphasized from the viewpoints of the relation between the macroscopic dimensional changes and the microscopically structural changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1306K) -
Shigeo Hirose, Hyoe Hatakeyama, Tatsuko Hatakeyama1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T432-T437
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS4, 4′-Dihydroxy-3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethoxybiphenyl HMB) was prepared from 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol. Polyesterification of HMB with terephthaloyl, isophthaloyl and sebacoyl chloride were carried out by the low temperature solution polycondensation and the interfacial polycondensation. The polyterephthalate having inherent viscosity (ηinh) of 1.42 was obtained by the interfacial poly-condensation. The low temperature solution polycondensation using chloroform as a solvent gave the polyisophthalate having ηinh, of 0.73 and the polysebacate, ηinh of 0.43.
Thermal properties of the polyesters obtained were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The starting temperature of decomposition (Td) of each polymer was determined by TG. Td′s of the polyterephthalate, polyisophthalate and polysebacate were 341, 345 and 315°C respectively. The difference of thermal stability between the polyesters with methoxyl groups in biphenyl units and those without methoxyl groups was not prominent.
X-ray diffraction diagram of the polyterephthalate showed a crystalline pattern. However, no thermal transition such as melting were observed in the DSC of this polymer. X-ray diffraction diagrams of the polyisophthalate and polysebacate did not show any crystalline pattern. Glass transition temperatures of these polymers were observed at 252 and 94°C, respectively, in DSC measurements.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Toyonori Nishimatsu, Tetsuya Sakai1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T438-T447
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sensory test about softness, thickness, fullness, and smoothness of pile fabric was analyzed as a function of strength of physical stimuli. The function obtained is expressed in the following equation, which is a different type from Weber-Fechner's law.
logR=AS+B
where R=response, S=stimulus, and A and B=experimental constants.
From a set of sensory experiments conducted by a consumers group and a specialists group, it was found that there is a considerable difference in the recognizing behaviors of the consumers and of the specialists. The specialists generally take a time twice that for the consumers until reaching a decision. The fact suggests that the specialists behave more carefully on the sensory test. The specialists seem to have a relatively stable measure, when they compare a physical property of each sample with a given standard and make an order of strengths of the stimuli. It is of interest, however, that by a paired comparison, even a specialist is also much confused to order the strengths of stimuli as a usual consumer.
Using the intermediate differential and integral method, recognizing behaviors of specialists and of consumers were studied. Consumers seem to accept a physical stimulus directly, while specialists are likely to recognize a physical stimulus in a differentiated form. For instance, consumers estimate the thickness of fabric with the deformation of fabric itself generated by hand touching. And specialists tend to estimate the thickness by using an information about the deformation speed rather than the deformation value.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Satoshi Mashimo, Masayoshi Nakajima, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Michio Ashida1985 Volume 41 Issue 10 Pages T448-T452
Published: October 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change in strain of short fiber-rubber composites under repeated constant load was investi-gated. The short fibers in the composites were oriented to the uniaxial direction. The fatigue test of composites was carried out in the direction of fiber orientation under 25 Hz of frequency and 6±2, 8±4 and 10±2 MPa of sinusoidal load. The change in strain of composites under-fatigue test was characterized with two stages, i.e. the strain linearly increased with increasing cycles at the initial stage, and then the strain showed marked increase deviating from an extrapolated straight line at the higher cycles. It seems that the former was caused by the deformation of interfacial region between fiber and rubber, and the latter was taken place by the destruction of interfacial region. This change in strain was restrained by the RFL-treatment and high loading of short fibers. It was also found that under the dynamic fatigue of large displacement, the destruction of interfacial region occurred at the early stage, since the interfacial region was difficult to deform with the displacement of sinusoidal stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K)
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