Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 60, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Column
Series
Commentation
Report
Transaction
  • Evaluation of Proton Exchange Membrane Reinforced
    Masao Sudoh, Keiichi Okajima, Ippei Osaki, Hajime Tsuda, Takanori Suzu ...
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 39-43
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.39
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Ion exchange membranes for fuel cell are expected to become thinner in order to reduce the membrane resistance. On the other hand, a thinner membrane has a weaker mechanical strength. The novel proton-exchange membranes were prepared by reinforcing with two kinds of 100 % PTFE fiber sheets, which were fabricated by a papermaking method with or without uniaxially stretching as the core for a reinforced membrane. The stress, the strain, water content, ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity were measured for different membranes. By pre-treating the PTFE sheet at 320 degree and hot-pressing the membrane at 140 degree, a strength of 27 MPa was obtained for the membrane reinforced with a PTFE sheet in the machine direction (MD) and 21 MPa in the transverse direction (TD). The tensile yield stress was almost the same as that of Nafion112 in both directions. The water content and proton conductivity of the membrane reinforced with the PTFE sheet decreased to less than 28.3 % and 20 % when compared to that of Nafion112, respectively. The obtained ion exchange capacity was 0.89 mol/kg-dry.
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  • Evaluation Method of Tensile Properties for Braids under Initial Loading
    Miwako Hanada, Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 44-49
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.44
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    Braids have been applied to various components for over one thousand years. Binding, bundling and hanging are listed in the representative uses of braids. The braids have characteristic mechanical properties, low modulus, large deformability, variable Poisson's ratio and low stiffness under flexural and compressive loads, and so on. Evaluation method of the braid properties has not been established. In order to clarify mechanical properties of the braids under the initial tensile loading quantitatively, an evaluation method is proposed in this study. By the application of the proposed method to three kinds of glass fiber braids, effects of braiding structure on the mechanical properties are discussed. Therefore the valid tensile testing method for evaluation of the braid properties could be proposed.
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  • Swinging Properties and Objective Evaluation of esthetic Appearance of Flared Skirts in Dynamic State by Moving Image Processing System
    Momoko Sugimura, Mitsuo Matsudaira
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 50-56
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.50
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    The purpose of this study is to find out a parameter of swinging properties of moving flared skirts objectively from the appearance of the flared skirts in dynamic state. We took the appearance of the flared skirt with swinging by the CCD camera and analyzed the pictures with moving image processing system. The correlation between these swinging properties of flared skirts, and mechanical properties and subjective evaluation is examined. As a result, the appearance of a moving flared skirt is expected to be dominated by the amount of changeable hem width rather than the maximum hem width. The maximum hem width at turn-round angle 30 degrees has a tendency to be related to shear properties such as G, 2HG5 and 2HG and compound mechanical parameters and shear vibrational properties. On the other hand, the difference between the maximum and minimum hem width of a moving flared skirt at the same turn-round angle correlated to shear vibrational properties and bending vibrational properties such as d1, d2, S1 and S2. The ratio of dynamic hem width at turn-round motion to static hem width is correlated highly with subjective appraisals.
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  • A Soft Mannequin for the Evaluation of Pressure Garments on Human Body
    Winnie YU, Jin-tu FAN, Xiao-ming QIAN
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 57-64
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.57
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    In an effort to simulate the human body for measuring contact pressure, a soft mannequin has been developed with the dimensions of the lower torso of a real female body. The mannequin contains a full-size bone skeleton, imitating soft tissue and skin. The imitated soft tissue is made from flexible polyurethane foam of different moduli, similar to the soft tissue in various body parts. Silicone rubber is used to simulate the human skin. Nine girdle specimens with changing combinations of three types of main fabrics, reinforcement and narrow elastics were tested on the same human subject and on the soft mannequin made of the same shape as the human subject's lower torso. Tests show that the pressure value obtained from the subject can be correlated to those obtained from the mannequin. The relationships are presented in eight linear equations. This soft mannequin provides a novel tool for evaluating the performance of pressure garments, without using expensive live models.
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Technical Papers
  • Modification of Tencel with Treatment of Ferric Sodium Tartrate Complex Solution
    Katsuji Kasahara, Hiroaki Sasaki, Nobuo Donkai, Tohru Takagishi
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 65-69
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.65
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    Partial dissolution of cellulose by ferric sodium tartrate complex (FeTNa) solution was examined as refining treatment of the organic-solvent spun cellulosic fiber (Tencel). The physical properties, the imbibition of water and the dyeing properties were investigated. As a result of the treatment, the crystallinity and dyeing rate of Tencel fiber were increased. Elastic modulus of the treated yarn was increased because of shrinkage of the original Tencel yarn. The fabric sample knitted with treated yarns showed the improved fibrillation resistance.
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Note
  • Melting Behaviour of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabrics with Permanent Pleats
    Tatsuko Hatakeyama, Yuka Shiono, Chika Yamada
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 70-73
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.70
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    Melting behaviour of pleated portion of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Melting peak measured by high-speed scanning was used for analysis in order to avoid the reorganization of the higher order structure. Several characteristic values such as initial temperature of melting, enthalpy of pre-melt crystallization and peak size of melting peaks were correlated with the angles of pleats which were varied by changing annealing temperature. It was found that the melting pattern of permanent-pleated PET fabrics can be used as an index of pleat angles.
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