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Volume 22, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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III. X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF MONO- AND BIAXIAL STRETCHINGSSaburo Okajima, Kazuhiko Kurihara1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 351-355
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe orientation behavior of the polypropylene film stretched mono- or biaxially as previously-described in I and II was further investigated by means of X-ray diffraction method and the following results were obtained:
A. Monoaxial stretching:
(1) The original film is paracrystalline but it converts into monoclinic after stretching at 110°C or higher temperature.
(2) fx, the orientation degree of the crystalline region increases with stretching degree λ at 130°C and amounts to 0.99 at λ=800%, while fa, orientation degree of the amorphous region always falls behind fx and goes through a small negative value in the early stage of the stretching.
(3) In the 160°C stretching the orientation is lower than that at 130°C and fa is nearly zero or slightly negative.
(4) Crystallinity decreases from 0.59 to 0.54 after the 130°C stretching, while it increases from 0.59 to 0.66 after the 160°C stretching.
(5) The orientation of the crystaline region is cylindrical symmetry with respect to the stre-tching axis and no selective planar orientation is observed.
B. Biaxial stretching
Restretching the monoaxially oriented film perpendicularly to the first stretiching direction, three arcs, (110), (040) and (130) diffractions, do not change monotonously the positions from the equator to the meridian through rings. At the intermediate state two orientation axes appear which incline ± θ symmetrically against the first orientation axis and θ grows larger up to 90° with increase in the restretching. This phenomenon is more remarkable at the lower temperature: restretching and it appears faintly at the 160°C restretching.View full abstractDownload PDF (1388K) -
Katsumi Kubota, Tsunesuke Doi, Jiro Osugi1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 356-360
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pore size distribution and the surface of intrafibers have been measured by many workers using various methods. In this report the mercury-intrusion method adopted by Quynn and Burleigh was modified to extend the pressure range from 50 to 3000 kg/cm2 and was applied to the measurement of pore size of viscose and bemberg rayon filaments. Two kinds of mercury porosimeter were used: the one was for measuring up to 500kg/cm2 and the other up to 3000kg/cm2.
In the range of pore diameter from 0.3 to 0.025 μ corresponding to the pressure range from 50 to 600kg/cm2, the total pore volume of viscose rayon was 0.0031cc/g whereas that of bemberg rayon was larger, 0.0037cc/g. On the other hand, in the range of pore diameter from 0.025 to 0.005 μ corresponding to the pressure range from 600 to 3000kg/cm2, the total pore volume of viscose rayon was 0.0129 cc/g whereas that of bemberg rayon was smaller, 0.0107cc/g.
The measured values up to about 50kg/cm2 were dispersed. This fact seems to be a result of absorption of mercury on the surface of fibers and of intrusion of mercury in the interfiber spaces. In the pressure range at which mercury is absorbed, the influence of the bottle-neck pores or isolated pores should be considered, but such influence may be small because the repeated measurements of a sample were fairly reproducible.
Further, at the higher pressure the influence of compression of fibers per se or the deformationn of pores should be considered, and these controversial points are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
(1) CHANGES IN PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF FIBER BY FREEZINGKagenobu Inoshita1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 361-364
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolynosic fiber and tire yarn was frozen in water and dil. NaOH solution, and following results are obtained, as to changes in physical property compared with both fibers.
1) When freezing the fiber was repeated in water, the increase in iodine absorption and the decrease in degree of polymerization of tire yarn was more than that of polynosic fiber.
This is due to the fact that the increase in inner surface area of tire yarn is greater than that of polynosic fiber during freezing, and a part of para-stable structure breaks down easily.
2) When freezing was repeated in NaOH (0-10g/l) solution, wet strength dry strength of tire yarn increased and the ratio became more than 90%.
3) The action of ordinary alkali treatment could not be replaced by the action of freezing in NaOH solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Shuichi Uchiyama1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 365-372
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigation of dry spinning was made on the evaporation mechanism of solvent and rheological properties of the filament in the following cases; spinning of cellulose acetate from the acetone solution and polyacrylonitrile from the dimethyl formamide solution.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The quantity τ of the filament has a great influence upon the maximum draft.
2) In the case of cellulose acetate fiber, the spinning solution with large activation energy for flow has a smaller value of maximum draft and smaller spinnability.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Shuichi Uchiyama1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 373-378
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscosities of dilute acrylonitrile polymer solution containing various kinds of non-solvent were measured at 30°C and 50°C (in the case of acetone 30°C and 40°C). Intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins' constant were calculated and viscosity change with time of concentrated polymer solution were measured.
The results obtained are as follows:
A) In the case of dilute solution, 1) Nitromethane, acetone, n-hexane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) increase [η] but k′ decreases with increasing amount of them and temperature rises. They behave as poor solvents.
2) Dioxane does not change [η] and k′ below 5 volume % benzene behaves as good solvent below 10 volume %, however, it behaves as poor solvent above that content.
B) In the case of concentrated solution, Concentrated solution containing n-hexane increases viscosity with time and with the increasing amount. Benzene, THF and dioxane do not cause viscosity increase below a certain amount, however, they increase viscosity with time.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Shuichi Uchiyama1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 379-383
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFilterability of dimethyl formamide solution (20 and 26wt. %) of acrylonitrile polymer was measured at 50°C. The KW value was taken as a measure of filterability and the effects of dissolving temperature and dissolving time on the KW value were studied. The KW value was calculated by means of the following equation:
where V1 is the weight of filtrate for 10 min., V2 is the weight of filtrate for 20 min. after that, KW is the KW value.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The solution dissolved at higher temperature and for longer time has smaller KW values and better filterability than that dissolved at lower temperature and for shorter time.
2) No special correlation exists between solution viscosity and KW value.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
(II). THE TEARING STRENGTHSeiichiro Ueno, Eiji Taguchi1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 384-390
Published: August 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTearing is a phenomenon of progressive breakage occuring on the line, and in general has been investigated in relation with breakage occured as the result of the tension.
The testing method of tearing used up to this time in fabrics may be difficult to be applied to non-woven fabrics. At first, the preliminary experiments have been carried out on customary testing methods in fabrics, and the wing rip method was adopted as suitable to non-woven fabrics. By this method the measuring experiments with various factors have been carried out.
In addition, on the appraisal of data, the properties for non-woven fabrics cannot be well expressed by the appraisal method used in fabrics, so in this case several tentative plans of the appraisal method have been applied whereas the value KGCC was created corresponding to the value of KGSC as the index of appraisal on the tensile strengh.
Consequently, it became clear that, in general, non-woven fabrics having high tensile strength can also resist high tearing force; the irregularity of strength within a certain width may be reflected in the tearing strength, against on the other hand the mean strength within a width was reflected in the tensile strength, and the samples having the lower mean tearing strength have the tendency to arise the breakage in the cross direction.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 391a
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K) -
1966 Volume 22 Issue 8 Pages 391b
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K)
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