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Volume 17, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Tomiyasu Shimoyamada1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1151-1158
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have investigated the role of polymerization degree on the surface microstructure of insulating paper for power cable by means of the electronmicroscope.
When the pulp of _??_ 1, 650_??_445 is beaten to SR 40°, in the case of _??_ 1, 650, the surface is covered with S1 wall layer and internal fibrillation of S2 wall layer is incomplete. In _??_ 1, 270, it is clarified that most part of the S1 wall layer is separated, and fine internal fibrillation parallel to the fiber axis is found. In such a microstructure, the values of the mechanical and electrical properties are found higher.
Under the _??_ 1, 000, fiber was partially cut and broken during beating, and then mechanical strength of paper was lowered. Moreover, it appears that the fibrillation of S1 and S2 wall layer is disproportionate. But most of the S2 wall layer is internally less fibrillated, and the microstructure on the surface disordered.View full abstractDownload PDF (6384K) -
Kenji Kamida, Yasuhiro Kubota1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1159-1163
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been widely recognized that solution properties (especially intrinsic viscosity) of cellulose nitrate cannot be accounted for by the Flory's theory, in which only the excluded volume effect is taken into consideration. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss quantitatively the deviation from the Flory's theory by considering the draining effect in additon to the volume effect.
Recently Voeks gave the relationship among the second virial coefficient A2, intrinsic viscosity [η] and molecular weight M. This relationship has been developed to the case where the draining effect cannot be ignored. The results obtained may be expressed as: where: Φ; Universal constant, α; the expansion factor defined by Flory, f; a parameter related to the draining effect, F(X); a function of α a appearing in the Flory's theory. where: _??_a function of α, K; Flory's constant characteristics of the polymer chain, Δ; a parameter related to the draining effect.
With the aid of these equations, the constants, Km and a, in the Mark-Houwink equation [η] =KmMa can be accurately calculated from the measurements of A2, M and [η], or A2 and M for a single polymer sample. Values thus obtained are in agreement with the experimental values.
The contributions of the two effects upon [η] are also discussed as a function of the degree of esterification (D. E.). The draining effect becomes predominant and the volume effect diminishes as D.E. increases. The exponent a in Mark-Houwink equation, therefore, increases with D. E.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
(5) ON DYEING PROPERTY OF ACRYLONITRILE-METHYLACRYLATE COPOLYMERIC FIBERTakeshi Yasuda, Miyako Tanaka1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1164-1169
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynthetic fibers were produced, in the laboratory work, from varieties of copolymer with methylacrylate 0-8 mol%. Concerning these fibers, the following facts were observed.
(1) In fibers rich with methylacrylate the diffusion velosity of dispersed dye and cationic dye are large. The equilibrium value of the dispersed dye increases, and that of cationic dye does not increase conspicuously.
(2) It is concluded that the width of dye molecule has a great influence on the diffusion of dyes.
(3) It is also concluded that the cationic dye can be combined with the end group of fiber molecule.
(4) Temperature has a great effect on dyeing, and the temperature at which dyeing property increases rapidly corresponds to the second order transition temperature.
(5) It is estimated that the pore size of the amorphous portion in dyeing is probably 8-15Å.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
(I) THE CHAIN LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE (II) THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACETYL GROUP OF CELLULOSE ACETATEHikoichi Konishi1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1170-1178
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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(IV) DRY SPINNING OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL PARTIALLY DIMETHYL-AMINOACETALIZED IN POWDER FORMHidenari Suyama, Mitsutaka Uzumaki, Masao Ishii1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1179-1184
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of polyvinyl alcohol in powder form with aldehydes containing basic groups such as aminoacetaldehyde was studied for the purpose of improving the dye affinity of polyvinyl alcohol fibers. The fibers prepared from partially aminoacetalized polyvinyl alcohol, however, were obsurved to discolor during the heat treatment. Aldehydes containing tertiary amino groups such as dimethyl-amino acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal were found to yield fibers that are less susceptible to discoloration than those containing aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal.
Higher reaction temperatures and longer reaction periods are required for the system consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and dimethyl-amino acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal because of the slow rate of reaction. The use of sulphuric acid catalyst in this system is found to yield fibers with poor physical properties as the acid reacts with polyvinyl alcohol to form an ester. Hydrochloric acid, however, gave good results as a catalyst. The degree of preheat treatment of the polyvinyl alcohol powder prior to dimethyl-amino acetaldehyde dimethyl acetalization is found to influence the properties of the fibers. If the polyvinyl alcohol powder ls properly heat treated, then the properties of the fibers will be similar to those obtained from resaponified polyvinyl alcohol. This indicates that dimethyl-amino acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal is selectively incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol molecule without disturbing crystallization of the fiber. The results of X-ray diffraction are found to be in agreement with the properties of the fibers and the degree of swelling of films prepared from partially dimethyl-amino acetalized polyvinyl alcohol.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
(1) WATER VAPOR SORPTION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS DRIED UNDER VARIOUS SOLVENT-TREATMENTS (2) WATER VAPOR SORPTION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS DRIED AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURESShigeharu Onogi, Harumi Asai1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1185-1196
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tadashi Yurugi, Aizo Yamauchi, Taeko Ogihara1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1197-1200
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe supermolecular structures of vinylidene cyanide-vinyl acetate (VC-VAC) copolymer and the fibre prepared from this polymer have been studied by X-ray method.
It has been found that X-ray scattering pattern of VC-VAC copolymer is typical one of amorphous polymer and consists of a pronounced halo of about 2θ=14.2° and a less intense halo of 2θ=28-29° (θ; Bragg's angle). On the stretched fibre, splitting of the halos has been observed indicating that results in preferred orientation of the molecular chains, and found that this orientation effect decreases or disappeares by heating above the region of second order transition, or treated with suitable swelling reagents.
It has been also found that the orientation effect of amorphous halo has distinct influence on density determined by the floatation-method as well as on mechanical properties of the polymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
(XIV) ON THE EFFECT OF COOKING TEMPERATURE AND CONCENTRATION OF LIQUOR UPON THE MANUFACTURE OF SCPYoshitaka Ogiwara, Isao Shimoda, Masao Morie1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1201-1205
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome practical cooking conditions on the manufacture of SCP from beech were studied, and the results obtained are as follows:
1) In case the yields of pulps are about 65%, the cooking temperature as high as 195°C makes the cooking velocity so large that the operation of practical cookings may become difficult. The tendency are that cooking at the higher temperature give pulps the higher Roe numbers, the lower pentosan contents and smaller mechanical strengths.
2) In case of under the same cooking conditions, it was shown that the cookings in denser liquid results the lower yields of pulps.
3) At the lower temperatures, it is possible to obtain a normal cooking result using the liquid containing SO2 as low as 1.5%, when the liquid ratio is 5:1.
4) Compared with Na base process, NH3 base process shows some larger cooking velocity and gives pulps lower brightness, the same Roe numbers, lower pentosan contents and less mechanical strengths.
Consequently, on the manufacture of SCP from beech, it is concluded that the practical upper limit of cooking temperature is 185°C and the concentration of liquid may be determined by the qualities of pulps within the range of 1.5_??_2.5% SO2.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
(II) THE CONTINUOUS SYSTEMHisashi Uedaira1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1206-1210
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in the continuous system, the diffusion of the dye within the fibre is explained:
(a) The following results were obtained (in the single dyeing).
(i) The larger affinity the dye has, the smaller its diffusion coefficient is. (the ionized dye).
(ii) In a certain concentration range of NaCl, the diffusion coefficient of the direct dye increases by increasing the concentration of NaCl.
(iii) The diffusion coefficient of the disperse dye is proportional to its mobility and inversely proportional to the affinity.
(b) In the mixture dyeing, the equations were obtained for computing the mutual diffusion coefficients from data for the amounts of dyes adsorbed and the concentration gradients of dyes at the surface of the medium of two or more experiments. These equation hold in the multicomponents system.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1210
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (23K) -
[in Japanese]1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1211-1215
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2272K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1961 Volume 17 Issue 12 Pages 1215-1221
Published: December 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2012K)
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