Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 24, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Yuzi Sano, Koichi Orii, Nobuo Yamada
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 147-154
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Distribution of temperature and diameter of isotactic polypropylene filaments were measured in the quenching process in melt spinning. Typical experimental data are shown in Fig. 4. Trouton viscosity was obtained from the values of dlogu/dl in Fig. 4, where u is the spinning velocity and l is the distance from the spinnerette using eqs. (3) and (4). Drag force contribution in eq. (4) is evaluated by eq. (6)6).
    Trouton viscosity is shown in Fig. 5 as Arrhenius plot of log λ vs. 1/T, which is classified into 3 groups of intrinsic viscosity [η] of the polymer. There were no effects of spinning velocity (100_??_500m/min), and polymer out-put (0.5_??_2.0g/min. nozzle hole). Curves of log λ vs. 1/T are presented with 2 linear lines divided at 130°C and the apparent activation energy ΔH is evaluated as shown in Fig. 6. In the range of temperature higher than 130°C, ΔH was 4.5_??_7.5 kcal/mol, comparable with ΔH of shear viscosity 8.7 kcal/mol7). In at the lower temperature range (<130°C), ΔH increases to the values of 12_??_17 kcal/mol, due to the formation of _??_ber structure (orientation and crystallization). The effects of [η] on trouton viscosity is evaluated as the power of 3.0_??_4.3 as shown in Fig. 7.
    Theoretical equation of trouton viscosity for non-Newtonian liquid was presented by Bird5) as:
    λ=3μ0[1+(τ12)]du/dl
    In this experiment, there was no effect of du/dl (less than 30_??_/sec), and this indicates the difference of relaxation and retardation time constant (τ12) is less than 10-3 sec. Observed values of λ were compared with the those of 3-times zero shear viscosity7) as shown in Fig. 8.
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  • Kunio Makishima, Shunsuke Kawahara, Fumiko Otagiri
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 155-158
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The detailed examination on the bilateral structure of wool cortex was made concerning to the differences in kinds of wool and also to the parts in a wool fiber (tip or root).
    Sample wools were treated with sodium plumbite solution. A distinct intermediate part between para and orthocortex was found by this treatment in coarse wools such as Lincoln and Southdown. The distribution of the para and ortho parts is markedly different in root and tip in the commercially available wools. This diversity leads to the confusion in the wool section when arbitrary bundles of wool are used in the test.
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  • (5) ON THE DESTRUCTION DUE TO AMMONIA GAS TREATMENT
    Akira Kuwahara
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 159-163
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of ammonia gas treatment of silk fiber on its destruction was investigated to observe the change of the surface structure and its physical properties.
    Silk fibroins were treated in textural form with ammonia gas for the different length of time (5-10 days), and then their surface structure was observed by means of the the electron microscope.
    The action of ammonia gas treatment as the gas phase method was found to be partial and also slight.
    While swelling and contraction of the surface, the coloring and destruction of silk fiber was noted. This tendency is similar to that in an alkali treatment (0.1 N NaOH solution).
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  • (I) ON A SYSTEM SIMULATION METHOD OF WEAVING SHOP
    Eiichi Kuze, Tetsuya Sakai, Susumu Matsuura
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 164-177
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to try the computer simulation for the job shop of weaving as an example of complicated textile processing system, for purpose of analyzing its behavior and grasping its characteristic, it was tried to establish the algorithm of the simulation and develop the simulation codes.
    Analysis for transmission and conversion of the production information flow on the processing system is studied in relation with the system parameter which is entropy as definition for the complication degree of system, and the experiments by using simulators are tried. Source programs for the simulators are coded about the order part and the weaving part, separately.
    On the order hand, the program is coded by planning to obtain the production informations concerning the goods ordered, by using Monte Carlo simulation method which compares the distribution of receiving probabilities of each order with the value of Random Number.
    On the production line part, program is coded by planning to obtain the informations concerning the selection method of loom which decides the input time and processing sequence of the lots for each loom by executing one policy, and to compute the weight of production as output from system. The policy is planned in compliance with the production informations and the rate of operation of each loom.
    Performance of these simulators are tested by the operation simulation during two years in compliance with the policy under existing circumstance and the betterment of the policy.
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  • Sadanori Nishikori, Seishi Machida
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 178-184
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The deposition of solid particles on cotton cloth in aqueous suspension to which is added watersoluble polymer was investigated.
    Solutions of sodium polyphosphate, polyethylene oxide, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, and Tororo-aoi mucilage were prepared, and the preventing action to the deposition of ferric oxide or carbon black onto cotton fabrics was tested with Launder-Ometer. The effects are estimated by means of photoelectric colorimetry and the reflectivity of the surface of the soiled fabrics.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    Tororo-aoi mucilage which is a fiber-dispersion agent in Japanese peper making by traditional process shows an excellent effects preventing the deposition of either ferric oxide or carbon black.
    The heteropolar polymers so far examined, with the exception of polyphosphate, are more effective for preventing the soil deposition than homopolar polymers. Sodium polyphosphate in concentrated solution appears rather to promote the deposition: the fact may be due to the formation of a complex compound. All polymers so far tested appear to be more effective to ferric oxide than to carbon black.
    It is considered that the soil deposition is facilitated by the flocculating action of water-soluble polymers and retarded by the dispersing action of the polymers. From these data, a mechanism of soil redeposition in textile cleaning operation is discussed.
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  • (1) THE INVESTIGATION ON THE ADSOBPTION OF THREE KIND OF NYLON FIBERS WHICH INCLUDE DIFFERENT AMINO END GROUP
    Hiroaki Takasawa, Nobuhiko Kuroki, Akira Katayama
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 185-190
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The adsorption of dye (1) (Acid Red 18) and dye (2) (Direct Blue 71) on to Nylon 6 fiber in equilibrium under different pH range of dye solution was investigated.
    Above mentioned Nylon 6 fibers consist of three kind of fibers which include 9.5×10-5 mol, 5.4×10-5 mol and 2.5×10-5 mol of amino end group per lgram of fiber respectively.
    The dyeing was carried out at 90°C and at 2.0_??_10.5 pH value.
    The following resulted; The adsorption of dye (1) and dye (2) onto Nylon6 fibers is dependent on the amount of amino end group, but the degree of adsorption of dye (1) is different from dye (2). In the former the degree is larger than that of the latter and the adsorption of dye (1) is nearly equal to the content of amino end group, on the other hand the adsorption of dye (2) had far low equilibrium value.
    Isotherm of dye (1) showed a typical Langmuir's curve and that of dye (2) showed H-type curve at pH value 3.5
    These facts may be explained as follows; the nonpolar force contributed to the dyeing mechanism of dye (2) to the main part of the adsorption of dye (1) is attributable to the salt-linkage and that of dye (2) is to the hydrogen bond orvan der Waal's force.
    But it is not clear that the reason for low adsorption of dye (2) is due to a large molecular weight or not.
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  • (PART XIII). THE DYEING PROPERTIES OF DISAZO DYES CONTAINING H-ACID AS COUPLING COMPONET
    Kenzo Nishida, Takehiro Akimoto
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 191-195
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report deals with the effects of an amino group at the end of the dye molecule on the dyeing properties. The dyes used were p-nitroaniline→p-cresidine→H-acid whose nitro group was reduced to amino group (I) and aniline→p-cresidine→H-acid (II). The dyes (I) and (II) are different from each other only in the presence or non-presense of an amino group in the benzene ring which is most remote from sulphonic groups.
    1) The rate of dyeing and the amount of the dyes on fibre at equilibrium were measured on cupro-ammonium rayon at 90°, 80°, 70° and 60°C. The apparent diffusion coefficient of the dye (I) was smaller than that of the dye (II), but the standard affinity of the former is larger than the latter. The dye (I) is about of the same size as that the dye (II). Therefore, the apparent diffusion coefficients of these dyes seem to depend only on the affinity of the dye on the rayon. Since the affinity has a retarding effect on the apparent diffusion coefficient, the apparent diffusion coefficient of the dye (II) seems to be larger than that of the dye (I). The apparent diffsion coefficients of these dyes increase in presence of sodium chloride (0.05 mol/l).
    2) The degree of swelling of cupro-ammonium rayon in a solution containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mol sodium chloride per liter is determined by measuring the imbibition of the salt solution by the rayon. The degree of the swelling of the rayon decreases with increase of the concentration of the salt and such a decrease of the swelling is a recognized even at a very low salt concentration of 0.05 mol per liter.
    3) The standard affinity for cotton, ramie and cupro-ammonium rayon at 90°C was determind.
    The standard affinity of dye (I) is larger that of the dye (II).
    From these results it may be concluded that the dye with amino group at the end of molecule has larger substantivity than the dye without the amino group.
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  • (1) NEPS AND YIELD RATES OF PRODUCED SLIVERS
    Wajuro Itani, Juzo Hosokawa, Katsumi Inoue, Katsuma Oka, Yoshitake Ash ...
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 196-203
    Published: April 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to get high production on a cotton card, it is necessary to increase the amount of a lap fed to the card. It is to be remembered, however, that the number of neps formed in a sliver produced is strikingly increased when the amount of the lap fed is only increased without changing the speed of other parts of the card.
    It can be expected that the number of neps in the sliver produced may not be so much increased when the speed of such parts as the cylinder, taker-in roller, doffer and other parts of the card are increased proportionately with increase of the amount of the lap fed, because the density of fibers on the combing surfaces of those parts are almost the same regardless of the amount of the lap fed.
    The experiments were carried out under the following conditions. The speed of the cylinder is increased from 170 to 250 or 340 rpm, and the speed of each part revolved is varied in proportion to that of the cylinder and so the amount of lap fed by the feed roller is changed from the same to twice or thrice as much as the conventional amount.
    Then, the number and the size of neps in the sliver and the yield rate of the sliver produced under the above conditions are measured and the results obtained are as follows:
    (1) Even when the speed of each part on the card is increased up to twice the times of that on the conventional card in proportion to the speed of cylinder, changes in the number and the size of neps in the produced sliver are scarcely found.
    (2) It is found that the yield rate of the sliver produced under the condition mentioned in (1)-the speed of each part of the card is doubled- shows a slight decrease (about 0.5%) and the rate of its decrease is less than that was expected.
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